anemia

See also: anémia, anèmia, anêmia, and anemią

English

Alternative forms

• anaemia (UK)
• anæmia (UK, rare)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) +‎ -ia; those roots are the basis of the English combining forms an- + -aemia/-emia.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /əˈnimi.ə/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

Noun

anemia (countable and uncountable, plural anemias or anemiae or anemiæ)

1. (American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.
2. (countable, pathology) A disease or condition that has anemia as a symptom.

   Pernicious anemia and sickle-cell anemia are two anemias.

3. (obsolete) Ischemia. [19th–mid-20th c.]

Usage notes

In 21st century medical terminology, anemia never means ischemia, although in 19th through mid-20th century medical usage, it sometimes did.

Derived terms

• achlorhydric anemia
• acquired hemolytic anemia
• Addison's anemia
• anemial
• anemic
• anemious
• antianemia
• aplastic anemia
• autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• Biermer's anemia
• Diamond-Blackfan anemia
• Fanconi anemia
• hemolytic anemia
• hyperchromic anemia
• hypochromic anemia
• pernicious anemia
• pseudoanemia
• sickle-cell anemia

 

Descendants

• → Swahili: anemia

Translations

medical condition with decreased oxygen transport

• Albanian: anemi (sq), pagjakësia
• Arabic: فَقْر دَم m (faqr dam)
• Armenian: սակավարյունություն (hy) (sakavaryunutʻyun)
• Assamese: ৰক্তহীনতা (roktohinota)
• Asturian: anemia f
• Bengali: রক্তশূন্যতা (bn) (roktośunnota)
• Bulgarian: анемия (bg) (anemija), малокръвие (malokrǎvie)
• Burmese: ဖျော့တော့နာ (my) (hpyau.tau.na)
• Catalan: anèmia (ca) f
• Cebuano: kalungsi
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 貧血／贫血 (zh) (pínxuè)

• Czech: chudokrevnost (cs) f
• Danish: blodmangel (da)
• Dhivehi: ލޭމަދުވުން (lēmaduvun̊)
• Dutch: anemie (nl) f, bloedarmoede (nl) f or m
• Esperanto: anemio
• Estonian: kehvveresus
• Finnish: anemia (fi), vähäverisyys (fi), heikkoverisyys, verenvähyys
• French: anémie (fr) f
• Galician: anemia f
• Georgian: ანემია (anemia)
• German: Anämie (de) f, Blutarmut (de) f, Blutmangel (de) m
• Greek: αναιμία (el) (anaimía)
• Greenlandic: aakilliorneq
• Gujarati: રક્તક્ષીણતા f (raktakṣīṇtā)
• Hawaiian: koko hōwai, ʻīkoko (rare)
• Hindi: रक्ताल्पता (raktālpatā)
• Hungarian: vérszegénység (hu), anémia (hu)
• Icelandic: blóðleysi (is) n, blóðskortur m
• Indonesian: anemia (id)
• Inuktitut: ᐊᐅᒡᓗᒃᑐᖅ (aocloktoq)
• Irish: anaemacht f, ainéime f, neamhfholacht f
• Italian: anemia (it) f
• Japanese: 貧血 (ja) (ひんけつ, hinketsu), 貧血症 (ひんけつしょう, hinketsushō)
• Kannada: ರಕ್ತಹೀನತೆ (kn) (raktahīnate)
• Kashubian: schniączka
• Korean: 빈혈(貧血) (ko) (binhyeol)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: kêmxwînî (ku) f

• Kyrgyz: аз кандуулук (az kanduuluk)
• Latvian: mazasinība
• Lithuanian: mažakraujystė
• Malagasy: kôtsatra (mg), lany ra
• Malayalam: വിളർച്ച (viḷaṟcca), രക്തക്കുറവ് (raktakkuṟav‌)
• Maltese: anemija f
• Manx: aneemaght f
• Maori: mate rino iti
• Nepali: रक्त अल्पता (rakta alpatā)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: blodmagel m, anemi m

  Nynorsk: blodmagel m

• Odia: ରକ୍ତହୀନତା (raktahinatā)
• Pashto: کم خوني
• Persian: کم‌خونی (kamxuni)
• Plains Cree: ᓀᓱᒥᐦᑯᐦᐊᐢᐱᓀᐃᐧᐣ (nesomihkohaspinewin)
• Polish: anemia (pl) f, niedokrwistość (pl)
• Portuguese: anemia (pt) f
• Romanian: anemie (ro) f
• Russian: анеми́я (ru) f (anemíja), малокро́вие (ru) n (malokróvije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: анѐмија f, ^{(please verify)} малокрвност

  Roman: anèmija (sh) f

• Severn Ojibwa: ᑳᐸᑭᓵᑲᒥᔅᑴᓭᒡ (kaapakisaakamiskwesech)
• Sinhalese: ලේ අඩුකම (lē aḍukama)
• Slovak: chudokrvnosť
• Slovene: slabokŕvnost
• Southern East Cree: ᓵᐸᑲᒥᐦᑴᐤ (saapakamihkwew)
• Spanish: anemia (es) f
• Swahili: safura, anemia
• Swedish: anemi (sv), blodbrist (sv)
• Tamil: குருதிச்சோகை (kuruticcōkai), இரத்தசோகை (irattacōkai)
• Telugu: రక్తహీనత (te) (raktahīnata)
• Thai: โลหิตจาง (loo-hìt-jaang)
• Turkish: kansızlık (tr), anemi (tr)
• Ukrainian: анемі́я (uk) f (anemíja), недокрів'я n (nedokrivʺja), малокрів'я n (malokrivʺja) (rare)
• Vietnamese: thiếu máu (vi)
• Welsh: anemia m

disease of condition with anemia as symptom

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 貧血／贫血 (zh) (pínxuè)

• Dutch: anemie (nl) f
• Finnish: anemia (fi)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: nexweşiya kêmxwînî f

See also

• ischemia

Anagrams

• Amenia, amaine, menaia

Asturian

Noun

anemia f (uncountable)

1. anemia (medical condition with decreased oxygen transport)

Esperanto

Etymology

From anemio +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [aneˈmia]
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: a‧ne‧mi‧a

Adjective

anemia (accusative singular anemian, plural anemiaj, accusative plural anemiajn)

1. anemic (in literal and figurative senses)
   • (Can we date this quote?), Solomon Cins (translator), Kiel ŝtalo estis hardata (Как закалялась сталь / How the Steel was Tempered) by Nikolai Ostrovsky, Book 2, Chapter 9,

     Finiĝis vintro, printempo malfermis fenestrojn, kaj anemia Korĉagin, restinta viva post la lasta operacio, komprenis, ke plu resti en la kliniko li ne povas.

     Winter came to an end, spring opened windows, and the anemic Korchagin, having survived the last operation, understood that he could no longer remain at the clinic.

   • 2003 October 1, Maurice Lemoine, “Promesitaj teroj de Venezuelo”, in Vilhelmo Lutermano, transl., Le Monde Diplomatique:

     Sur etaj unuhektaraj parceloj, kampuloj plantas anemian maizon kaj vivas de la Sankta Spirito.

     On little one-hectare plots, peasants plant anemic maize and live by the Holy Spirit.

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English anemia), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑnemiɑ/, [ˈɑ̝ne̞ˌmiɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -iɑ
• Syllabification^(key): a‧ne‧mi‧a

Noun

anemia

1. anemia

   pernisiöösi anemia ― pernicious anemia

Declension

Inflection of anemia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		anemia	anemiat
genitive		anemian	anemioiden anemioitten
partitive		anemiaa	anemioita
illative		anemiaan	anemioihin
		singular	plural
nominative		anemia	anemiat
accusative	nom.	anemia	anemiat
	gen.	anemian
genitive		anemian	anemioiden anemioitten anemiain rare
partitive		anemiaa	anemioita
inessive		anemiassa	anemioissa
elative		anemiasta	anemioista
illative		anemiaan	anemioihin
adessive		anemialla	anemioilla
ablative		anemialta	anemioilta
allative		anemialle	anemioille
essive		anemiana	anemioina
translative		anemiaksi	anemioiksi
abessive		anemiatta	anemioitta
instructive		—	anemioin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of anemia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative anemiani anemiani accusative nom. anemiani anemiani gen. anemiani genitive anemiani anemioideni anemioitteni anemiaini rare partitive anemiaani anemioitani inessive anemiassani anemioissani elative anemiastani anemioistani illative anemiaani anemioihini adessive anemiallani anemioillani ablative anemialtani anemioiltani allative anemialleni anemioilleni essive anemianani anemioinani translative anemiakseni anemioikseni abessive anemiattani anemioittani instructive — — comitative — anemioineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative anemiasi anemiasi accusative nom. anemiasi anemiasi gen. anemiasi genitive anemiasi anemioidesi anemioittesi anemiaisi rare partitive anemiaasi anemioitasi inessive anemiassasi anemioissasi elative anemiastasi anemioistasi illative anemiaasi anemioihisi adessive anemiallasi anemioillasi ablative anemialtasi anemioiltasi allative anemiallesi anemioillesi essive anemianasi anemioinasi translative anemiaksesi anemioiksesi abessive anemiattasi anemioittasi instructive — — comitative — anemioinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative anemiamme anemiamme accusative nom. anemiamme anemiamme gen. anemiamme genitive anemiamme anemioidemme anemioittemme anemiaimme rare partitive anemiaamme anemioitamme inessive anemiassamme anemioissamme elative anemiastamme anemioistamme illative anemiaamme anemioihimme adessive anemiallamme anemioillamme ablative anemialtamme anemioiltamme allative anemiallemme anemioillemme essive anemianamme anemioinamme translative anemiaksemme anemioiksemme abessive anemiattamme anemioittamme instructive — — comitative — anemioinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative anemianne anemianne accusative nom. anemianne anemianne gen. anemianne genitive anemianne anemioidenne anemioittenne anemiainne rare partitive anemiaanne anemioitanne inessive anemiassanne anemioissanne elative anemiastanne anemioistanne illative anemiaanne anemioihinne adessive anemiallanne anemioillanne ablative anemialtanne anemioiltanne allative anemiallenne anemioillenne essive anemiananne anemioinanne translative anemiaksenne anemioiksenne abessive anemiattanne anemioittanne instructive — — comitative — anemioinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative anemiansa anemiansa accusative nom. anemiansa anemiansa gen. anemiansa genitive anemiansa anemioidensa anemioittensa anemiainsa rare partitive anemiaansa anemioitaan anemioitansa inessive anemiassaan anemiassansa anemioissaan anemioissansa elative anemiastaan anemiastansa anemioistaan anemioistansa illative anemiaansa anemioihinsa adessive anemiallaan anemiallansa anemioillaan anemioillansa ablative anemialtaan anemialtansa anemioiltaan anemioiltansa allative anemialleen anemiallensa anemioilleen anemioillensa essive anemianaan anemianansa anemioinaan anemioinansa translative anemiakseen anemiaksensa anemioikseen anemioiksensa abessive anemiattaan anemiattansa anemioittaan anemioittansa instructive — — comitative — anemioineen anemioinensa

Synonyms

• heikkoverisyys
• vähäverisyys

Derived terms

compounds

• maitoanemia
• megaloblastianemia
• raudanpuuteanemia
• sirppisoluanemia
• vuotoanemia

 

Related terms

• aneeminen
• aneemisuus

 

Further reading

• “anemia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• aamein, aamien, meinaa

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch anemie, from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) +‎ -ia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈanemia̯], [ˈanemi]
• Hyphenation: ané‧mia

Noun

anémia (first-person possessive anemiaku, second-person possessive anemiamu, third-person possessive anemianya)

1. (hematology, pathology) anemia

Derived terms

• anemia aplastik
• anemia defisiensi besi
• anemia gizi
• anemia hemolitik
• anemia hipoplastik
• anemia kronis
• anemia megaloblastik
• anemia pernisius
• anemia sel sabit
• anemia tersembunyi

 

Further reading

• “anemia” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Noun

anemia (plural anemias)

1. anemia

Related terms

• anemic

Italian

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ia

• IPA^(key): /a.neˈmi.a/
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: a‧ne‧mì‧a

Noun

anemia f (plural anemie)

1. (pathology) anemia

Derived terms

• anemico

Anagrams

• emanai

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía). By surface analysis, an- +‎ -emia. First attested in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈnɛ.mja/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛmja
• Syllabification: a‧ne‧mia

Noun

anemia f

1. (pathology) anemia

   Synonym: niedokrwistość

   ciężka/silna anemia ― severe anemia

   zapobiegać anemii ― to prevent anemia

   leczyć anemię ― to treat anemia

   zwalczać anemii ― to combat anemia

Declension

Declension of anemia

	singular
nominative	anemia
genitive	anemii
dative	anemii
accusative	anemię
instrumental	anemią
locative	anemii
vocative	anemio

Derived terms

adjective

• anemiczny

 

adverb

• anemicznie

 

nouns

• anemia aplastyczna
• anemia sierpowata
• anemiczka
• anemiczność
• anemik
• anemizacja

 

Further reading

• anemia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• anemia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “anemja”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 36
• anemia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Portuguese

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.neˈmi.ɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.neˈmi.ɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.neˈmi.a/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.nɨˈmi.ɐ/

• Hyphenation: a‧ne‧mi‧a

Noun

anemia f (plural anemias)

1. (pathology) anemia (medical condition with decreased oxygen transport)

Related terms

• anémico/anêmico

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French anémier.

Verb

a anemia (third-person singular present anemiează, past participle anemiat) 1st conj.

1. to make, or to become anemic

Conjugation

    conjugation of anemia (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a anemia
gerund			anemiind
past participle			anemiat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	anemiez	anemiezi	anemiază	anemiem	anemiați	anemiază
	imperfect	anemiam	anemiai	anemia	anemiam	anemiați	anemiau
	simple perfect	anemiai	anemiași	anemie	anemiarăm	anemiarăți	anemiară
	pluperfect	anemiasem	anemiaseși	anemiase	anemiaserăm	anemiaserăți	anemiaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să anemiez	să anemiezi	să anemieze	să anemiem	să anemiați	să anemieze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		anemiază			anemiați
	negative		nu anemia			nu anemiați

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈnemja/ [aˈne.mja]
• Rhymes: -emja
• Syllabification: a‧ne‧mia

Noun

anemia f (plural anemias)

1. (pathology) anemia

Derived terms

• anemia de células falciformes
• anemia de los mineros
• anemia del recién nacido
• anemia hemolítica
• anémico

 

Further reading

• “anemia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from English anemia.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

anemia (n class, plural anemia)

1. anemia