translation

See also: Translation

English

Etymology

From Middle English translacioun (“transfer, translation”), from Anglo-Norman translacioun, from Latin trānslātiō, from trānslāt-, the supine stem of trānsferō (“to transfer, transport, transform, translate”). Displaced native Old English wending.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /tɹænzˈleɪʃən/, /tɹæns-/, /tɹɑːnz-/, /tɹɑːns-/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /tɹænzˈleɪʃən/, /tɹæns-/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən
• Hyphenation: trans‧lat‧ion

Noun

translation (countable and uncountable, plural translations)

1. (countable, uncountable) The act of translating, in its various senses:
   1. The conversion of text from one language to another.

      This old text needs translation into modern English before it is published.

   2. (translation studies) The discipline or study of translating written language (as opposed to interpretation, which concerns itself with spoken language).
   3. The conversion of something from one form or medium to another.
   4. (physics, mathematics) A motion or compulsion to motion in a straight line without rotation or other deformation.
   5. (mathematics) A relation between two mathematical figures such as a straight line where the coordinates of each point in one figure is a constant added to the coordinates of a corresponding point in the other figure.
   6. (genetics) The process whereby a strand of mRNA directs assembly of amino acids into proteins within a ribosome.
   7. (physics) A transfer of motion occurring within a gearbox.
   8. The automatic retransmission of a telegraph message.
   9. The conveyance of something from one place to another, especially:
      1. (Christianity) An ascension to Heaven without death.
      2. (Christianity) A transfer of a bishop from one diocese to another.
      3. (Christianity) A transfer of a holy relic from one shrine to another.
      4. (medicine) A transfer of a disease from one body part to another.
2. (countable) The product or end result of an act of translating, in its various senses.

Alternative forms

• translatioun (obsolete)
• tr., trans., transl. (abbreviation)

Derived terms

• autotranslation
• back-translation
• computer-aided translation
• cotranslation
• fanlation
• fanslation
• Fortran
• gyrotranslation
• hypertranslation
• intertranslation
• loan translation
• lost in translation
• machine translation
• mechanotranslation
• mistranslation
• mobile translation
• nick translation
• nontranslational
• overtranslation
• piezotranslation
• posttranslation
• pretranslation
• retranslation
• rototranslation
• scanlation
• scanslation
• sight translation
• supertranslation
• thick translation
• transcreation
• transflection
• translational
• translationally
• translationary
• translation dictionary
• translationese
• translationless
• translation memory
• translation rights
• translation screw
• translation studies
• translon
• undertranslation
• untranslational
• videotranslation

Related terms

• translatability
• translatable
• translate
• translated
• translative
• translator
• translatory
• untranslatability
• untranslatableness, untranslateableness
• untranslatable, untranslateable
• untranslatably
• untranslated (adjective)

Translations

act of translating between languages

• Afrikaans: vertaling (af)
• Albanian: përkthim (sq) m
• Amharic: ትርጉም (tərgum)
• Antillean Creole: twadiksyon f
• Arabic: تَرْجَمَة (ar) f (tarjama)
• Armenian: թարգմանություն (hy) (tʻargmanutʻyun)
• Assamese: ভাঙনি (bhaṅoni), অনুবাদ (onubad), তৰ্জমা (torzoma)
• Asturian: traducción (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: tərcümə (az)
• Bashkir: тәржемә (tərjemə)
• Basque: itzulpen
• Belarusian: перакла́д m (pjeraklád)
• Bengali: অনুবাদ (bn) (onubad), তর্জমা (bn) (torjoma)
• Bhojpuri: अनुवाद (anuvād)
• Bikol Central: palis
• Bulgarian: пре́вод (bg) m (prévod)
• Burmese: ယောဇနာ (my) (yau:ja.na)
• Buryat: оршуулга (oršuulga)
• Carpathian Rusyn: перекла́д m (pereklád)
• Catalan: traducció (ca) f
• Chechen: гоч дар (goč dar)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 翻譯 / 翻译 (faan¹ jik⁶)

  Dungan: фанйи (fanyi)

  Eastern Min: 翻譯 / 翻译 (huăng-ĭk)

  Hakka: 翻譯 / 翻译 (fân-yi̍t)

  Hokkien: 翻譯 / 翻译 (zh-min-nan) (hoan-ia̍k, hoan-e̍k)

  Mandarin: 翻譯 / 翻译 (zh) (fānyì)

  Wu: 翻譯 / 翻译 (¹fe-yiq)

• Czech: překládání n, překlad (cs) m
• Danish: oversættelse (da) c
• Dolgan: тулмаас (tulmaas), тылбаас (tılbaas)
• Dutch: vertaling (nl) f
• Esperanto: traduko (eo)
• Estonian: tõlge (et), tõlkimine
• Finnish: kääntäminen (fi)
• French: traduction (fr) f
• Galician: tradución (gl) f
• Georgian: თარგმნა (targmna)
• German: Übersetzung (de) f, Übersetzen n
• Greek: μετάφραση (el) f (metáfrasi)
• Gujarati: અનુવાદ (gu) (anuvād), ભાષાંતર (bhāṣāntar)
• Hawaiian: unuhina
• Hebrew: תִּרְגּוּם (he) m (tirgúm)
• Hindi: अनुवाद (hi) m (anuvād), भाषांतर (hi) m (bhāṣāntar), तर्जुमा (hi) (tarjumā)
• Hungarian: fordítás (hu)
• Icelandic: þýðing (is) f
• Ido: traduko (io)
• Indonesian: penerjemahan (id), alih bahasa (id)
• Interlingua: traduction
• Irish: aistriú m
• Italian: traduzione (it) f
• Japanese: 翻訳 (ja) (ほんやく, hon'yaku)
• Kannada: ಅನುವಾದ (kn) (anuvāda), ಭಾಷಾಂತರ (kn) (bhāṣāntara)
• Kazakh: аударма (audarma)
• Khakas: тiлбес (tilbes)
• Khmer: ការបកប្រែ (kaa bɑɑk prae), ការប្រែ (kaa prae)
• Korean: 번역(飜譯) (ko) (beonyeok), 옮김 (ko) (omgim)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: وەرگێڕ (ckb) (wergêrr)

  Northern Kurdish: werger (ku)

• Kyrgyz: котормо (ky) (kotormo)
• Lao: ຄຳແປ (kham pǣ), ການແປ (kān pǣ)
• Latin: trānslātiō (la) f, interpretātiō f
• Latvian: tulkošana f, tulkojums (lv) m
• Lithuanian: vertimas (lt) m
• Luxembourgish: Iwwersetzung (lb) f
• Macedonian: превод m (prevod), преведување n (preveduvanje)
• Malay: penterjemahan
• Malayalam: വിവർത്തനം (ml) (vivaṟttanaṁ), തർജ്ജമ (ml) (taṟjjama), പരിഭാഷ (ml) (paribhāṣa)
• Maltese: traduzzjoni (mt) f
• Maori: whakamāoritanga
• Marathi: अनुवाद (mr) m (anuvād), भाषांतर (mr) n (bhāṣāntar)
• Middle English: translatynge, translacioun
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: орчуулга (mn) (orčuulga)

  Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ (orčiɣulg-a)

• Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ m (asuɣl)
• Navajo: saad náánáłahdę́ę́ʼ saad bee áńdaalneʼ
• Nepali: अनुवाद (ne) (anuvād)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: oversettelse (no) m

  Nynorsk: omsetjing f, omsetting f

• Occitan: traduccion (oc) f
• Odia: ଅନୁବାଦ (anubāda), ତରଜମା (or) (tarajamā)
• Old English: wending f
• Ottoman Turkish: ترجمه (terceme)
• Pannonian Rusyn: преклад m (preklad)
• Pashto: ترجمه (ps) f (tarjoma), ژباړنه (ps) f (žbārǝna)
• Pennsylvania German: Iwwersetzing f
• Persian:

  Classical Persian: تَرْجُمَه (tarjuma), بَرْگَرْدَان (bargardān)

  Iranian Persian: تَرْجُمِه (tarjome), بَرْگَرْدان (bargardân)

• Plautdietsch: Äwasatunk f
• Poitevin-Saintongeais: tranlaciun f
• Polish: tłumaczenie (pl) n, przekład (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: tradução (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਉਲਥਾ (pa) m (ulathā), ਅਨੁਵਾਦ (pa) m (anuvād), ਤਰਜਮਾ (pa) m (tarjamā)
• Romanian: traducere (ro) f, translatare (ro) f
• Russian: перево́д (ru) m (perevód)
• Sanskrit: अनुवाद (sa) (anuvāda), भाषान्तरण (bhāṣāntaraṇa)
• Sardinian: tradutzione f
• Scots: translation
• Scottish Gaelic: eadar-theangachadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пре́вод m (Ekavian), прије́вод m (Ijekavian)

  Roman: prévod (sh) m (Ekavian), prijévod (sh) m (Ijekavian)

• Sicilian: traduzzioni (scn) f, traduzioni f
• Sinhalese: පරිවර්තනය (pariwartanaya)
• Slovak: preklad m, prekladanie n
• Slovene: prevajanje n
• Somali: turjun
• Spanish: traducción (es) f
• Swahili: tafsiri (sw) class n
• Swedish: översättning (sv) c
• Tagalog: pagsasalin
• Tajik: тарҷума (tg) (tarjuma)
• Tamil: மொழிபெயர்ப்பு (ta) (moḻipeyarppu)
• Tatar: тәрҗемә (tt) (tärcemä)
• Telugu: అనువాదము (te) (anuvādamu)
• Thai: การแปล (th) (gaan-bplɛɛ)
• Tibetan: བསྒྱུར་པ (bsgyur pa)
• Tigrinya: ትርጉም (tərgum)
• Turkish: çeviri (tr), tercüme (tr)
• Turkmen: terjime
• Ukrainian: пере́клад (uk) m (peréklad)
• Urdu: تَرْجَمَہ m (tarjama), اَنُواد m (anuād)
• Uyghur: تەرجىمە (ug) (terjime)
• Uzbek: tarjima (uz)
• Vietnamese: sự thông dịch (vi), phiên dịch (vi)
• Volapük: tradut (vo), tradutam
• Walloon: tradujhaedje (wa) m, ratournaedje (wa) m
• Welsh: cyfieithu (cy) m
• West Frisian: oersetting c
• Yakut: тылбаас (tılbaas)
• Yiddish: איבערזעצונג f (iberzetsung)

conversion of something from one form to another

• Bulgarian: прехвъ́рляне (bg) n (prehvǎ́rljane)
• Czech: převedení n, překlopení n
• Finnish: muuntaminen (fi), kääntäminen (fi)
• Maori: whakaahuakētanga, whakarerekētanga
• Polish: przekład (pl) m
• Serbo-Croatian: prijevod (sh) m, prevod (sh) m

result of translating between languages

• Afrikaans: vertaling (af)
• Aghwan: 𐔸𐔰𐕙𐔲𐕒𐕡𐕌𐔰𐕎𐕒𐕡𐕎 (targumanun)
• Arabic: تَرْجَمَة (ar) f (tarjama)
• Armenian: թարգմանություն (hy) (tʻargmanutʻyun)
• Asturian: traducción (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: tərcümə (az)
• Bashkir: тәржемә (tərjemə)
• Belarusian: перакла́д m (pjeraklád)
• Bengali: অনুবাদ (bn) (onubad)
• Bulgarian: пре́вод (bg) m (prévod)
• Catalan: traducció (ca) f
• Cherokee: ᎠᏁᏢᏔᏅᎯ (anetlvtanvhi), ᎠᏁᏟᏔᏅᎢ (anetlitanvi)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 翻譯 / 翻译 (faan¹ jik⁶)

  Dungan: фанйи (fanyi)

  Eastern Min: 翻譯 / 翻译 (huăng-ĭk)

  Hakka: 翻譯 / 翻译 (fân-yi̍t)

  Hokkien: 翻譯 / 翻译 (zh-min-nan) (hoan-ia̍k, hoan-e̍k)

  Mandarin: 翻譯 / 翻译 (zh) (fānyì), 譯文 / 译文 (zh) (yìwén)

  Wu: 翻譯 / 翻译 (fe hhiq)

• Czech: překlad (cs) m
• Danish: oversættelse (da) c
• Dutch: vertaling (nl) f
• Esperanto: tradukaĵo
• Estonian: tõlge (et)
• Finnish: käännös (fi)
• French: traduction (fr) f
• Galician: tradución (gl) f
• Georgian: თარგმანი (targmani)
• German: Übersetzung (de) f
• Greek: μετάφραση (el) f (metáfrasi)

  Ancient: μετάφρασις f (metáphrasis)

• Hawaiian: unuhina
• Hebrew: תַּרְגּוּם (he) m (targúm)
• Hindi: अनुवाद (hi) m (anuvād), भाषांतर (hi) m (bhāṣāntar)
• Hungarian: fordítás (hu)
• Icelandic: þýðing (is) f
• Ido: tradukuro (io)
• Indonesian: terjemahan (id)
• Interlingua: traduction
• Irish: aistriúchán (ga) m
• Italian: traduzione (it) f
• Japanese: 訳 (ja) (やく, yaku), 訳文 (ja) (やくぶん, yakubun), 翻訳 (ja) (ほんやく, hon'yaku)
• Javanese: pertalan
• Kazakh: аударма (audarma)
• Khmer: ការបកប្រែ (kaa bɑɑk prae)
• Korean: 번역(飜譯) (ko) (beonyeok), 번역문(飜譯文) (beonyeongmun)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: وەرگێڕ (ckb) (wergêrr)

• Kyrgyz: котормо (ky) (kotormo)
• Latin: interpretātiō f
• Latvian: tulkojums (lv) m
• Luxembourgish: Iwwersetzung (lb) f
• Macedonian: превод m (prevod)
• Malay: terjemahan (ms)
• Malayalam: പരിഭാഷ (ml) (paribhāṣa)
• Maltese: traduzzjoni (mt) f
• Marathi: अनुवाद (mr) m (anuvād), भाषांतर (mr) n (bhāṣāntar)
• Middle English: translacioun
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: орчуулга (mn) (orčuulga)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: oversettelse (no) m

  Nynorsk: omsetjing f, omsetting f

• Old English: wending f
• Pennsylvania German: Iwwersetzing f
• Persian:

  Classical Persian: تَرْجُمَه (tarjuma), بَرْگَرْدَان (bargardān)

  Iranian Persian: تَرْجُمِه (tarjome), بَرْگَرْدان (bargardân)

• Plautdietsch: Äwasatunk f
• Polish: tłumaczenie (pl) n, przekład (pl) m
• Portuguese: tradução (pt) f
• Romanian: traducere (ro) f
• Russian: перево́д (ru) m (perevód)
• Sanskrit: अनुवाद (sa) n (anuvāda)
• Scottish Gaelic: eadar-theangachadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пре́вод m (Ekavian), прије́вод m (Ijekavian)

  Roman: prévod (sh) m (Ekavian), prijévod (sh) m (Ijekavian)

• Sinhalese: පරිවර්තන (pariwartana)
• Slovak: preklad m
• Slovene: prevod (sl) m
• Spanish: traducción (es) f
• Swahili: tarjuma
• Swedish: översättning (sv) c, tolkning (sv) c
• Tagalog: salin
• Tajik: тарҷума (tg) (tarjuma)
• Tatar: тәрҗемә (tt) (tärcemä)
• Telugu: అనువాదము (te) (anuvādamu)
• Thai: คำแปล (th) (kam-bplɛɛ)
• Turkish: çeviri (tr), tercüme (tr)
• Turkmen: terjime
• Ukrainian: перекла́д (uk) m (pereklád)
• Uyghur: تەرجىمە (ug) (terjime)
• Uzbek: tarjima (uz)
• Vietnamese: bản dịch (飜譯)
• Volapük: tradutod (vo)
• Walloon: ratournaedje (wa) m, tradujhaedje (wa) m
• Welsh: cyfieithiad (cy) m
• West Frisian: oersetting c
• Yiddish: איבערזעצונג f (iberzetsung)

of forces in a gearbox

• Bulgarian: превклю́чване n (prevkljúčvane)
• Czech: převod (cs) m
• Dutch: transmissie (nl) f, overzetting (nl) f
• Finnish: välitys (fi), välityssuhde (fi)
• French: transmission (fr) f
• German: Übersetzung (de) f (slow to fast), Untersetzung f (fast to slow)
• Hungarian: váltás (hu), (slow to fast) felváltás (hu), (fast to slow) leváltás (hu)
• Japanese: 伝達 (ja) (でんたつ, dentatsu)
• Korean: 전달(傳達) (ko) (jeondal)
• Luxembourgish: Transmissioun f
• Macedonian: пре́нос m (prénos)
• Portuguese: transmissão (pt) f
• Romanian: transmisie (ro) f
• Russian: переключе́ние (ru) n (pereključénije), перево́д (ru) m (perevód)
• Spanish: transmisión (es) f
• Swahili: fasiri (sw)

math, physics: motion without deformation or rotation

• Belarusian: трансля́цыя f (transljácyja)
• Bulgarian: трансла́ция f (translácija)
• Czech: translace f
• Danish: forflyttelse c
• Dutch: translatie (nl) f
• Finnish: siirto (fi), translaatio (fi)
• French: translation (fr) f
• German: Translation (de) f
• Hungarian: eltolás (hu)
• Icelandic: hliðrun f
• Indonesian: translasi (id)
• Irish: aistriú m
• Italian: traslazione (it) f
• Japanese: 平行移動 (へいこういどう, heikō idō)
• Latin: translatio (la) f
• Luxembourgish: Translatioun f
• Macedonian: трансла́ција f (translácija)
• Maori: nekehanga
• Polish: przesunięcie (pl) n, translacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: translação (pt) f
• Romanian: translație (ro) f
• Russian: трансля́ция (ru) f (transljácija)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: трансла́ција f

  Roman: translácija f

• Slovak: posunutie n, translácia f (mathematical)
• Slovene: translacija f
• Spanish: traslación (es) f
• Swahili: fasiri (sw)
• Swedish: förflyttning (sv) c, translation (sv) c (maths, physics)
• Ukrainian: трансля́ція f (transljácija)
• Vietnamese: phép tịnh tiến

genetics: process for producing proteins

• Belarusian: трансля́цыя f (transljácyja)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 翻譯 / 翻译 (faan¹ jik⁶), 轉譯 / 转译 (zyun² jik⁶)

  Hokkien: 翻譯 / 翻译 (zh-min-nan) (hoan-e̍k), 轉譯 / 转译 (choán-e̍k)

  Mandarin: 翻譯 / 翻译 (zh) (fānyì), 轉譯 / 转译 (zh) (zhuǎnyì)

• Czech: translace f
• Finnish: translaatio (fi), luenta
• French: traduction (fr)
• German: Translation (de) f
• Greek: πρωτεϊνογένεση f (proteïnogénesi)
• Hebrew: תִּרְגּוּם (he) m (tirgúm)
• Hungarian: transzláció (hu)
• Indonesian: translasi (id)
• Italian: traduzione (it)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: wergeran (ku)

• Portuguese: tradução (pt)
• Romanian: translație (ro) f
• Russian: трансля́ция (ru) f (transljácija)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: трансла́ција f

  Roman: translácija f

• Spanish: traducción (es)
• Swedish: translation (sv) c
• Ukrainian: трансля́ція f (transljácija)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Breton: ^{(please verify)} troidigezh (br) f
• Guaraní: ^{(please verify)} ñembohasa ambue ñe'ẽme
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} traduction
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} translazione/^{(please verify)} traslazione (it)
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} traductio (Vulgar, and New Latin), ^{(please verify)} trānslātiō (la) (New Latin)
• Slovak: ^{(please verify)} preradenie n - this Slovak word means rather to change the gears instead of translation of the forces in a gearbox
• Vietnamese: (1) ^{(please verify)} (sự) dịch (vi) , (2) ^{(please verify)} (bản, bài) dịch (vi)
• Welsh: ^{(please verify)} cyfieithiad (cy) m

See also

• interpretation

Further reading

• translation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• translation (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• trans-Latino, translatino

French

Etymology

From Latin trānslātiōnem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʁɑ̃.sla.sjɔ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

translation f (plural translations)

1. (mathematics, physics) translation
2. (computing) thunking

Further reading

• “translation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Swedish

Etymology

From Latin trānslātiō.

Noun

translation c

1. (mathematics, physics) translation

Declension

Declension of translation

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	translation	translations
	definite	translationen	translationens
plural	indefinite	translationer	translationers
	definite	translationerna	translationernas