Wiktionary

civil

See also: Civil

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird. Doublet of civic.

PronunciationEdit

  • enPR: ʹsĭv-əl IPA(key): /ˈsɪv.əl/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪvəl

AdjectiveEdit

civil (comparative more civil, superlative most civil)

  1. (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
    She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.
  2. (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner.
    It was very civil of him to stop the argument.
    Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude
  3. (archaic) In a peaceful and well-ordered state.
  4. (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.
    a civil case
  5. Secular.
    • 1680, A Practical Discourse of Regeneration:
      As if our Saviour had said, No man can enter into heaven except he be born again; so as he speaketh not only of notorious Sinners, as Adulterers, Drunkards, Swearers, & c. but of all who are in their natural condition, tho' they live never so unblameably, free from scandalous sins, if they be not born again, their civil Righteousness will do them little good, for they shall never see the Kingdom of God.
    • 2008, Jerald Finney, God Betrayed, →ISBN, page 174:
      The word from which "evil" in Romans 13.4 is translated means "generally opposed to civil goodness or virtue, in a commonwealth, and not to spiritual good, or religion, in the church.
    • 2013, John Calvin, Calvin's Complete Commentary, Volume 7: Acts to Ephesians:
      Some grammarians explain this passage as referring to a civil sanctity, in respect of the children being reckoned legitimate, but in this respect the condition of unbelievers is in no degree worse.

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

TranslationsEdit

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

ReferencesEdit

  • civil at OneLook Dictionary Search
  • civil in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
  • civil in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

AnagramsEdit

AsturianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

AdjectiveEdit

civil (epicene, plural civiles)

  1. civil, civilian

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

civil (masculine and feminine plural civils)

  1. civil
    Antonym: incivil
  2. civilian
    Antonym: militar

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

NounEdit

civil m or f (plural civils)

  1. A member of the guàrdia civil.
  2. (colloquial) A preserved sardine.
    Synonym: arengada

Further readingEdit

ChineseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From clipping of English civil engineering.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

civil

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) civil engineering; civil engineer

ReferencesEdit

CzechEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

civil m

  1. (informal) civilian (non-military person)
    Synonym: civilista

Related termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • civil in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • civil in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

DanishEdit

 
Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

civil

  1. civil (all senses), civilian

InflectionEdit

Inflection of civil
Positive Comparative Superlative
Common singular civil — —2
Neuter singular civilt — —2
Plural civile — —2
Definite attributive1 civile — —
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Derived termsEdit

FrenchEdit

 
French Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fr

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

civil (feminine civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)

  1. civil (war, marriage etc.)
  2. (politics) lay
  3. civilian
  4. (literary) civil, courteous, polite

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Turkish: sivil

NounEdit

civil m (plural civils, feminine civile)

  1. civilian

Further readingEdit

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

AdjectiveEdit

civil m or f (plural civís)

  1. civil, civilian

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • "civil" in Real Academia Galega

InterlinguaEdit

AdjectiveEdit

civil (not comparable)

  1. civil, civilian (not associated with the armed forces)

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).

AdjectiveEdit

civil m

  1. (Jersey) polite
  2. (Jersey) civil

Derived termsEdit

OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

PronunciationEdit

  • Audio (Languedocien)(file)

AdjectiveEdit

civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)

  1. civil

Derived termsEdit

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Doublet of cível.

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -il, (Brazil) -iw
  • Hyphenation: ci‧vil

AdjectiveEdit

civil m or f (plural civis)

  1. civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)
    Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing.
  2. civic (relating to citizens)
    Deves cumprir tua obrigação civil. ― You must perform your civic duty.
    Synonym: cívico
    Antonym: militar
  3. (law) relating to civil law
    Estudo direito civil. ― I study civil law.
    Synonym: cível
    Antonym: criminal
  4. occurring between the inhabitants of the same country
    Guerra civil. ― Civil war.
  5. civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)
    Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people.
    Synonyms: civilizado, cortês, educado, polido
    Antonyms: deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante, feio

Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

civil m or f by sense (plural civis)

  1. civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

RomanianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French civil, Latin cīvīlis.

AdjectiveEdit

civil m or n (feminine singular civilă, masculine plural civili, feminine and neuter plural civile)

  1. civil

DeclensionEdit

Declension of civil
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite civil civilă civili civile
definite civilul civila civilii civilele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite civil civile civili civile
definite civilului civilei civililor civilelor

NounEdit

civil m (plural civili)

  1. civilian

DeclensionEdit

Declension of civil
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) civil civilul (niște) civili civilii
genitive/dative (unui) civil civilului (unor) civili civililor
vocative civilule civililor

Related termsEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“civic, civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).

NounEdit

cìvīl m (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл)

  1. civilian (not related to the military armed forces)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of civil
singular plural
nominative cìvīl civili
genitive civíla civila
dative civilu civilima
accusative civila civile
vocative civile civili
locative civilu civilima
instrumental civilom civilima

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /θiˈbil/ [θiˈβ̞il]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /siˈbil/ [siˈβ̞il]
  • Audio (Latin America)(file)
  • Rhymes: -il
  • Hyphenation: ci‧vil
  • Homophone: (Latin America) sibil

AdjectiveEdit

civil (plural civiles, superlative civilísimo)

  1. civil (all senses)

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

Further readingEdit

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

AdjectiveEdit

civil

  1. civil; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside of other team-based activities, such as a professional sports team

DeclensionEdit

Inflection of civil
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular civil — —
Neuter singular civilt — —
Plural civila — —
Masculine plural3 civile — —
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 civile — —
All civila — —
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic
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