civil

See also: Civil

Contents

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird.

PronunciationEdit

• enPR: ʹsĭv-əl IPA^(key): /ˈsɪv.əl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪvəl

AdjectiveEdit

civil (comparative more civil, superlative most civil)

1. (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.

   She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.

2. (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner.

   It was very civil of him to stop the argument.

   Antonyms: anti-civil, noncivil

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from civil

• civilian
• civilist
• civility
• civil law
• civil liberties

• civilly
• civil partnership
• civil rights
• civil servant

• civil society
• civil suit
• civil tongue
• civil war

Related termsEdit

• civic
• civilization

TranslationsEdit

Related to people and government office as opposed to military or religion

• Asturian: civil
• Bulgarian: граждански (bg) (graždanski), цивилен (bg) (civilen)
• Catalan: civil (ca)
• Danish: civil (da)
• Dutch: burgerlijk (nl), civiel (nl)
• Esperanto: civila
• Finnish: kansalais-, siviili-
• French: civil (fr)
• Galician: civil
• German: zivil (de), bürgerlich (de)
• Indonesian: sipil (id)
• Irish: sibhialta
• Japanese: 民事 (ja) (みんじ, minji), 民事上 (みんじじょう, minji-jou), 民事的 (みんじてき, minji-teki)

• Khmer: អសេនិកៈ (a’seenɨk), ស៊ីវិល (siivɨl), រដ្ឋការ (roattʰa’ kaa), រដ្ឋប្បវេណី (km) (roattʰa’ ppɑveinii)
• Latvian: pilsonisks
• Malay: sivil
• Novial: sivili
• Occitan: civil
• Polish: cywilny (pl) m
• Portuguese: civil (pt)
• Russian: гражда́нский (ru) (graždánskij), шта́тский (ru) (štátskij)
• Scottish Gaelic: catharra, sìobhalta
• Spanish: civil (es)
• Swedish: civil (sv)
• Tagalog: bayanhin
• Turkish: sivil (tr)

behaving in a reasonable or polite manner

• Bulgarian: вежлив (bg) (vežliv), учтив (bg) (učtiv)
• Catalan: civil (ca)
• Danish: høflig (da), civiliseret
• Dutch: beschaafd (nl), geciviliseerd (nl)
• Finnish: kohtelias (fi)
• French: civil (fr)
• German: zivilisiert (de)
• Irish: sibhialta

• Japanese: うやうやしい (ja) (uyauyashī), 礼やか (いややか, iyayaka)
• Malay: sivil
• Manx: beasagh
• Portuguese: civil (pt), civilizado (pt)
• Russian: цивилизо́ванный (ru) (civilizóvannyj), воспи́танный (ru) (vospítannyj), культу́рный (ru) (kulʹtúrnyj), ве́жливый (ru) (véžlivyj)
• Spanish: civil (es)
• Swedish: civiliserad (sv)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} ציבורי‎‎ (he) m (tzibury), ^{(please verify)} ציבורית‎‎ f (tziburyt) (1)
• Ido: ^{(please verify)} civila (io)

• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} civil
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} civile (it)

AnagramsEdit

• clivi

---

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

PronunciationEdit

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /siˈvil/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /siˈbil/

AdjectiveEdit

civil (masculine and feminine plural civils)

1. civil

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from civil

• civilització

• civilitzar

• civilment

Related termsEdit

• civilitat

Further readingEdit

• “civil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

---

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /siˈviˀl/

AdjectiveEdit

civil

1. civil (all senses), civilian

InflectionEdit

Inflection of civil
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Common singular	civil	—	—2
Neuter singular	civilt	—	—2
Plural	civile	—	—2
Definite attributive1	civile	—	—
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from civil

• civiladministration
• civilarbejder
• civilbefolkning
• civilcourage
• civildommer
• civiletat
• civilforsvar
• civilforsvarsleder
• civilgarde
• civilgardist
• civilhortonom

• civilingeniør
• civilisation
• civilisationskritik
• civilisationssygdom
• civilisatorisk
• civilisere
• civiliseret
• civilisering
• civilist
• civilklædt

• civilkurage
• civilliste
• civilperson
• civilret
• civilretlig
• civilretslig
• civilsamfund
• civilstand
• civilundervisning
• civiløkonom

---

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /si.vil/

• Audio

  (file)

AdjectiveEdit

civil (feminine singular civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)

1. civil (war, marriage etc.)
2. (politics) lay
3. civilian
4. (literary) civil, courteous, polite

Derived termsEdit

• civiliser
  • civilisation
• civilité

Related termsEdit

• civique
• cité

NounEdit

civil m (plural civils)

1. civilian

Further readingEdit

• “civil” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

---

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).

AdjectiveEdit

civil m

1. (Jersey) polite
2. (Jersey) civil

Derived termsEdit

• dgèrre civile (“civil war”)

---

OccitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

AdjectiveEdit

civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)

1. civil

Derived termsEdit

• guèrra civila f

---

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin civic; civil, from citizen.

PronunciationEdit

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /si.ˈviw/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /si.ˈviɫ/
• Hyphenation: ci‧vil

AdjectiveEdit

civil m, f (plural civis, comparable)

1. civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)

   Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing.

2. civic (relating to citizens)

   Deves cumprir tua obrigação civil. ― You must perform your civic duty.

3. (law) relating to civil law

   Estudo direito civil. ― I study civil law.

4. occurring between the inhabitants of the same country

   Guerra civil. ― Civil war.

5. civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)

   Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people.

SynonymsEdit

• (civic): cívico
• (relating to civil law): cível
• (polite): civilizado, cortês, educado, polido

AntonymsEdit

• (civil): militar
• (relating to civil law): criminal
• (polite): deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante

Derived termsEdit

• casado no civil
• casar no civil
• guerra civil

NounEdit

civil m, f (plural civis)

1. civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from civil

• cível
• civelmente
• cívico
• civilidade

• civilismo
• civilista
• civilização

• civilizar
• civilmente
• civismo

---

RomanianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• țivil (archaic and popular)

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French civil, Latin civilis.

AdjectiveEdit

civil

1. civil

NounEdit

civil m (plural civili)

1. civilian

Related termsEdit

• civilitate
• civiliza
• civilizație
• cetate

---

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“civic, civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).

NounEdit

cìvīl m (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл)

1. civilian (not related to the military armed forces)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of civil

	singular	plural
nominative	cìvīl	civili
genitive	civíla	civila
dative	civilu	civilima
accusative	civila	civile
vocative	civile	civili
locative	civilu	civilima
instrumental	civilom	civilima

---

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”).

PronunciationEdit

• (Castilian) IPA^(key): /θiˈbil/, [θiˈβil]
• (Latin America) IPA^(key): /siˈbil/, [siˈβil]

• Audio (Latin America)

  (file)

• Homophone: sibil (non-Castilian dialects)
• Rhymes: -il

AdjectiveEdit

civil (plural civiles) (superlative civilísimo)

1. civil (all senses)

Derived termsEdit

• civilizar (verb)

Related termsEdit

Terms related to civil

• ciudad
• cívico

• civilidad

• civilización

---

SwedishEdit

AdjectiveEdit

civil

1. civil; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside of other team-based activities, such as a professional sports team

DeclensionEdit

Inflection of civil
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	civil	—	—
Neuter singular	civilt	—	—
Plural	civila	—	—
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	civile	—	—
All	civila	—	—
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.