civil
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird. Doublet of civic.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil (comparative more civil, superlative most civil)
- (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
- She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.
- (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner.
- It was very civil of him to stop the argument.
- Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude
- (archaic) In a peaceful and well-ordered state.
- 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
- Herein thou haſt done good ſeruice to thy country:
VVere all inhumaine ſlaues ſo ſerued as he,
England would be ciuill, and from all ſuch dealings free.
- (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.
- a civil case
- Secular.
- 1680, A Practical Discourse of Regeneration:
- As if our Saviour had said, No man can enter into heaven except he be born again; so as he speaketh not only of notorious Sinners, as Adulterers, Drunkards, Swearers, & c. but of all who are in their natural condition, tho' they live never so unblameably, free from scandalous sins, if they be not born again, their civil Righteousness will do them little good, for they shall never see the Kingdom of God.
- 2008, Jerald Finney, God Betrayed, →ISBN, page 174:
- The word from which "evil" in Romans 13.4 is translated means "generally opposed to civil goodness or virtue, in a commonwealth, and not to spiritual good, or religion, in the church.
- 2013, John Calvin, Calvin's Complete Commentary, Volume 7: Acts to Ephesians:
- Some grammarians explain this passage as referring to a civil sanctity, in respect of the children being reckoned legitimate, but in this respect the condition of unbelievers is in no degree worse.
Derived termsEdit
- civil action
- civil aviation
- civil celebrant
- civil code
- civil court
- civil day
- civil death
- civil defence
- civil defense
- civil disobedience
- civil enforcement officer
- civil engineer
- civil engineering
- civilian
- civilist
- civility
- civil law
- civil law notary
- civil liberties
- civil liberty
- civil list
- civilly
- civil marriage
- civil parish
- civil partner
- civil partnership
- civil power
- civil procedure
- civil registry
- civil rightist
- civil rights
- civil rights movement
- civil servant
- civil-service
- civil service
- civil society
- civil suit
- civil time
- civil tongue
- civil trial
- civil twilight
- civil union
- civil violation
- civil war
- civil wrong
- civil year
- keep a civil tongue
- keep a civil tongue in one's head
- keep a civil tongue in one's mouth
- minor civil division
- put a civil tongue in one's head
- put a civil tongue in one's mouth
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
ReferencesEdit
- civil at OneLook Dictionary Search
- civil in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- civil in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
AnagramsEdit
AsturianEdit
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil (epicene, plural civiles)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil (masculine and feminine plural civils)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
NounEdit
civil m or f (plural civils)
- A member of the guàrdia civil.
- (colloquial) A preserved sardine.
- Synonym: arengada
Further readingEdit
- “civil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
ChineseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From clipping of English civil engineering.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
civil
ReferencesEdit
CzechEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
civil m
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- civil in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- civil in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil
InflectionEdit
Inflection of civil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Common singular | civil | — | —2 |
Neuter singular | civilt | — | —2 |
Plural | civile | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | civile | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Derived termsEdit
- civiladministration
- civilarbejder
- civilbefolkning
- civilcourage
- civildommer
- civiletat
- civilforsvar
- civilforsvarsleder
- civilgarde
- civilgardist
- civilhortonom
- civilingeniør
- civilisation
- civilisationskritik
- civilisationssygdom
- civilisatorisk
- civilisere
- civiliseret
- civilisering
- civilist
- civilklædt
- civilkurage
- civilliste
- civilperson
- civilret
- civilretlig
- civilretslig
- civilsamfund
- civilstand
- civilundervisning
- civiløkonom
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil (feminine civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Turkish: sivil
NounEdit
civil m (plural civils, feminine civile)
Further readingEdit
- “civil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
GalicianEdit
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil m or f (plural civís)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- "civil" in Real Academia Galega
InterlinguaEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil (not comparable)
NormanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).
AdjectiveEdit
civil m
Derived termsEdit
OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Languedocien) (file)
AdjectiveEdit
civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)
Derived termsEdit
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Doublet of cível.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil m or f (plural civis)
- civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)
- Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing.
- civic (relating to citizens)
- (law) relating to civil law
- occurring between the inhabitants of the same country
- Guerra civil. ― Civil war.
- civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)
- Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people.
- Synonyms: civilizado, cortês, educado, polido
- Antonyms: deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante, feio
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
civil m or f by sense (plural civis)
- civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “civil” in iDicionário Aulete.
- “civil” in Dicionário inFormal.
- “civil” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “civil” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “civil” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
- “civil” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
RomanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- țivil (archaic and popular)
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French civil, Latin cīvīlis.
AdjectiveEdit
civil m or n (feminine singular civilă, masculine plural civili, feminine and neuter plural civile)
DeclensionEdit
NounEdit
civil m (plural civili)
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“civic, civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
NounEdit
cìvīl m (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл)
- civilian (not related to the military armed forces)
DeclensionEdit
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): (Spain) /θiˈbil/ [θiˈβ̞il]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /siˈbil/ [siˈβ̞il]
Audio (Latin America) (file) - Rhymes: -il
- Hyphenation: ci‧vil
- Homophone: (Latin America) sibil
AdjectiveEdit
civil (plural civiles, superlative civilísimo)
- civil (all senses)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “civil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
civil
- civil; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside of other team-based activities, such as a professional sports team
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of civil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | civil | — | — |
Neuter singular | civilt | — | — |
Plural | civila | — | — |
Masculine plural3 | civile | — | — |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | civile | — | — |
All | civila | — | — |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |