civil

See also: Civil

English

Etymology

From Middle English civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird.

Pronunciation

• enPR: ʹsĭv-əl IPA^(key): /ˈsɪv.əl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪvəl

Adjective

civil (comparative more civil, superlative most civil)

1. (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.

   She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.

2. (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner.

   It was very civil of him to stop the argument.

   Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude

3. (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.

   a civil case

4. Secular.
   • 1680, A Practical Discourse of Regeneration:

     As if our Saviour had said, No man can enter into heaven except he be born again; so as he speaketh not only of notorious Sinners, as Adulterers, Drunkards, Swearers, & c. but of all who are in their natural condition, tho' they live never so unblameably, free from scandalous sins, if they be not born again, their civil Righteousness will do them little good, for they shall never see the Kingdom of God.

   • 2008, Jerald Finney, God Betrayed, →ISBN, page 174:

     The word from which "evil" in Romans 13.4 is translated means "generally opposed to civil goodness or virtue, in a commonwealth, and not to spiritual good, or religion, in the church.

   • 2013, John Calvin, Calvin's Complete Commentary, Volume 7: Acts to Ephesians:

     Some grammarians explain this passage as referring to a civil sanctity, in respect of the children being reckoned legitimate, but in this respect the condition of unbelievers is in no degree worse.

Derived terms

Terms derived from civil

• civilian
• civilist
• civility
• civil law
• civil liberties
• civilly
• civil partnership
• civil rights
• civil servant
• civil society
• civil suit
• civil tongue
• civil war

 

Related terms

• civic
• civilization

Translations

Related to people and government office as opposed to military or religion

• Asturian: civil
• Basque: zibil
• Breton: keodedel
• Bulgarian: граждански (bg) m (graždanski), цивилен (bg) m (civilen)
• Catalan: civil (ca)
• Czech: civilní (cs) m or f or n
• Danish: civil (da)
• Dutch: burgerlijk (nl), civiel (nl)
• Esperanto: civila
• Finnish: kansalais-, siviili-
• French: civil (fr)
• Galician: civil
• German: zivil (de), bürgerlich (de)
• Hindi: सिविल (hi) (sivil), नागरिक (hi) (nāgrik)
• Indonesian: sipil (id)
• Irish: sibhialta
• Japanese: 民事 (ja) (みんじ, minji), 民事上 (みんじじょう, minji-jou), 民事的 (みんじてき, minji-teki)

• Khmer: អសេនិកៈ (a’seenɨk), ស៊ីវិល (siivɨl), រដ្ឋការ (roattʰa’ kaa), រដ្ឋប្បវេណី (km) (roattʰa’ ppɑveinii)
• Latvian: pilsonisks
• Malay: sivil
• Novial: sivili
• Occitan: civil
• Persian: شهری‎ (fa) (šahrī)
• Polish: cywilny (pl) m
• Portuguese: civil (pt)
• Russian: гражда́нский (ru) m (graždánskij), шта́тский (ru) m (štátskij)
• Scottish Gaelic: catharra, sìobhalta
• Slovak: civilný m
• Slovene: civilen
• Spanish: civil (es)
• Swedish: civil (sv)
• Tagalog: bayanhin
• Turkish: sivil (tr)
• Welsh: sifil (cy)

behaving in a reasonable or polite manner

• Bulgarian: вежлив (bg) m (vežliv), учтив (bg) m (učtiv)
• Catalan: civil (ca)
• Czech: civilizovaný m, slušný (cs) m, kulturní (cs) m or f or n, vychovaný m
• Danish: høflig (da), civiliseret
• Dutch: beschaafd (nl), geciviliseerd (nl)
• Finnish: kohtelias (fi), asiallinen (fi)
• French: civil (fr)
• German: zivilisiert (de)
• Hindi: सिविल (hi) (sivil), मिलनसार (hi) (milansār), सभ्य (hi) (sabhya)
• Indonesian: beradab (id)
• Irish: sibhialta

• Japanese: うやうやしい (ja) (uyauyashī), 礼やか (いややか, iyayaka)
• Malay: sivil
• Manx: beasagh
• Portuguese: civil (pt), civilizado (pt)
• Russian: цивилизо́ванный (ru) m (civilizóvannyj), воспи́танный (ru) m (vospítannyj), культу́рный (ru) m (kulʹtúrnyj), ве́жливый (ru) m (véžlivyj)
• Slovak: civilizovaný m, slušný m, kultúrny (sk) m, vychovaný m
• Spanish: civil (es)
• Swedish: civiliserad (sv)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} ציבורי‎ (he) m (tzibury), ^{(please verify)} ציבורית‎ f (tziburyt) (1)
• Ido: ^{(please verify)} civila (io)

• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} civil
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} civile (it)

References

• civil at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• clivi

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Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

Adjective

civil (epicene, plural civiles)

1. civil, civilian

Derived terms

• civilización
• guerra civil
• xunión civil

References

• "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana

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Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /siˈvil/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /siˈbil/

Adjective

civil (masculine and feminine plural civils)

1. civil

Derived terms

• civilització
• civilitzar
• civilment

 

Related terms

• civilitat

Further reading

• “civil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siˈviˀl/

Adjective

civil

1. civil (all senses), civilian

Inflection

Inflection of civil
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Common singular	civil	—	—2
Neuter singular	civilt	—	—2
Plural	civile	—	—2
Definite attributive1	civile	—	—
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Derived terms

• civiladministration
• civilarbejder
• civilbefolkning
• civilcourage
• civildommer
• civiletat
• civilforsvar
• civilforsvarsleder
• civilgarde
• civilgardist
• civilhortonom
• civilingeniør
• civilisation
• civilisationskritik
• civilisationssygdom
• civilisatorisk
• civilisere
• civiliseret
• civilisering
• civilist
• civilklædt
• civilkurage
• civilliste
• civilperson
• civilret
• civilretlig
• civilretslig
• civilsamfund
• civilstand
• civilundervisning
• civiløkonom

 

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si.vil/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

civil (feminine singular civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)

1. civil (war, marriage etc.)
2. (politics) lay
3. civilian
4. (literary) civil, courteous, polite

Derived terms

• civiliser
  • civilisation
• civilité

Related terms

• civique
• cité

Noun

civil m (plural civils)

1. civilian

Further reading

• “civil” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

Adjective

civil m or f (plural civís)

1. civil, civilian

Derived terms

• guerra civil
• unión civil

References

• "civil" in Real Academia Galega

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Interlingua

Adjective

civil (not comparable)

1. civil, civilian (not associated with the armed forces)

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Norman

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).

Adjective

civil m

1. (Jersey) polite
2. (Jersey) civil

Derived terms

• dgèrre civile (“civil war”)

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Occitan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.

Adjective

civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)

1. civil

Derived terms

• guèrra civila f

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /si.ˈviw/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /si.ˈviɫ/
• Hyphenation: ci‧vil

Adjective

civil m or f (plural civis, comparable)

1. civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)

   Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing.

2. civic (relating to citizens)

   Deves cumprir tua obrigação civil. ― You must perform your civic duty.

3. (law) relating to civil law

   Estudo direito civil. ― I study civil law.

4. occurring between the inhabitants of the same country

   Guerra civil. ― Civil war.

5. civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)

   Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people.

Synonyms

• (civic): cívico
• (relating to civil law): cível
• (polite): civilizado, cortês, educado, polido

Antonyms

• (civil): militar
• (relating to civil law): criminal
• (polite): deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante

Derived terms

• casado no civil
• casar no civil
• guerra civil

Noun

civil m, f (plural civis)

1. civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)

Derived terms

• cível
• civelmente
• cívico
• civilidade
• civilismo
• civilista
• civilização
• civilizar
• civilmente
• civismo

 

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Romanian

Alternative forms

• țivil (archaic and popular)

Etymology

Borrowed from French civil, Latin civilis.

Adjective

civil m or n (feminine singular civilă, masculine plural civili, feminine and neuter plural civile)

1. civil

Declension

declension of civil

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	civil		civilă	civili	civile
	definite	civilul		civila	civilii	civilele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	civil		civile	civili	civile
	definite	civilului		civilei	civililor	civilelor

Noun

civil m (plural civili)

1. civilian

Declension

declension of civil

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) civil	civilul	(niște) civili	civilii
genitive/dative	(unui) civil	civilului	(unor) civili	civililor
vocative	civilule		civililor

Related terms

• civilitate
• civiliza
• civilizație
• cetate

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“civic, civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).

Noun

cìvīl m (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл)

1. civilian (not related to the military armed forces)

Declension

Declension of civil

	singular	plural
nominative	cìvīl	civili
genitive	civíla	civila
dative	civilu	civilima
accusative	civila	civile
vocative	civile	civili
locative	civilu	civilima
instrumental	civilom	civilima

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”).

Pronunciation

• (Castilian) IPA^(key): /θiˈbil/, [θiˈβil]
• (Latin America) IPA^(key): /siˈbil/, [siˈβil]

• Audio (Latin America)

  (file)

• Homophone: sibil (non-Castilian dialects)
• Rhymes: -il

Adjective

civil (plural civiles) (superlative civilísimo)

1. civil (all senses)

Derived terms

• civilizar (verb)

• guerra civil

 

Related terms

• ciudad
• cívico
• civilidad
• civilización

 

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Swedish

Adjective

civil

1. civil; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside of other team-based activities, such as a professional sports team

Declension

Inflection of civil
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	civil	—	—
Neuter singular	civilt	—	—
Plural	civila	—	—
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	civile	—	—
All	civila	—	—
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.