hof

See also: Hof, HOF, Hoff, and hóf

English edit

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Heathen hof

Wikipedia

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from German Hof. Doublet of howff.

Noun edit

hof (plural hofs)

Enclosure, court, dwelling, building, house.
- 1993 May, Trevor William, “Jake's Castle”, in Harper's Magazine:
  Ulrike lived in a farm hof, and all around me were the dark blank fields punctuated by a few disparate lights.
- 2009, Chloe Aridjis, Book of Clouds, 1st edition, New York: Black Cat:
  Like many old houses, this one had a front section, where I lived, and at the back an interior courtyard, the Hof, enclosed on all three sides by more apartments.

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Old Norse hof or Old English hof, reinforced in modern (post-1990, chiefly neopagan) use by Icelandic hof (“shrine, temple”).

Pronunciation edit

enPR: hōf, IPA^(key): /hoʊf/
- Audio (Southern England) (file)
Rhymes: -oʊf

Noun edit

hof (plural hofs)

(Germanic paganism) temple, sanctuary, hall.
- 1996, Varg Vikernes, cited after Gardell, Gods of the Blood, published 2003, page 307:
  For each ten churches burned to ashes, one heathen hof is avenged.
- 2005, Michael Strmiska, Modern Paganism In World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, page 170:
  Asatruarfelagid lacks a central religious temple, or hof in Icelandic. Constructing a hof has been high on the members' wish list for many years.
- 2014 November 18, Stubba, The Book of Blots‎^[1], page 102:
  The Candidate for membership of Hof, Garth or Hearth shall hold an Armill, or he may touch an unsheathed Sword throughout the ceremony.

Synonyms edit

garth

Etymology 3 edit

Borrowed from Korean 호프 (hopeu), in turn from German Hofbräuhaus. In English, the spelling has been re-aligned with the Korean term's etymon.

Noun edit

hof (plural hofs)

A Korean-style bar or pub.
- 2009 January 4, Adam B. Ellick, “In Queens: A Melting Pot, and a Closed Book”, in New York Times‎^[2]:
  To the south are Korean spas, Korean barbecue joints and hofs, or Korean pubs.

Anagrams edit

FOH, foh

Cimbrian edit

Alternative forms edit

hoff (Sette Comuni)

Etymology edit

From Middle High German and Old High German hof, from Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą. Cognate with German Hof.

Noun edit

hof m

(Luserna) garden

Danish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /hɔf/, [ˈhʌf]

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Low German hof, from Old Saxon hof, from Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą, cognate with German Hof (“yard, court, farmyard”), Dutch hof (“yard, court, garden”), Old Norse hof (“shrine; court”). Doublet of hov (“shrine, temple”).

Noun edit

hof n (singular definite hoffet, plural indefinite hoffer)

court (family and society of a sovereign)
admirers

Declension edit

Declension of hof

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hof	hoffet	hoffer	hofferne
genitive	hofs	hoffets	hoffers	hoffernes

References edit

“hof” in Den Danske Ordbog
“Hof,1” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 2 edit

Clipping of hofpilsner, from hof (“court”) +‎ pilsner (“lager beer”).

Noun edit

hof c (singular definite hoffen, plural indefinite hof)

Carlsberg beer

Declension edit

Declension of hof

common gender	Singular		Plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hof	hoffen	hof	hoffene
genitive	hofs	hoffens	hofs	hoffenes

References edit

“Hof,2” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Dutch hof, from Old Dutch *hof, from Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɦɔf/
audio (file)
Hyphenation: hof
Rhymes: -ɔf
Homophone: Hof

Noun edit

hof n or m (plural hoven, diminutive hofje n)

court, residence of a monarch or other high-placed person
court, entourage of a monarch or other high-placed person
court of law; short form of gerechtshof
court, yard
(Belgium) garden

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Afrikaans: hof
Negerhollands: hofje, hofi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
→ Papiamentu: hòfi, hoffie (from the diminutive)

Icelandic edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /hɔːv/
Rhymes: -ɔːv

Noun edit

hof n (genitive singular hofs, nominative plural hof)

shrine, typically in a home on farm; by extension a temple

Declension edit

declension of hof

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
n-s	singular		plural
nominative	hof	hofið	hof	hofin
accusative	hof	hofið	hof	hofin
dative	hofi	hofinu	hofum	hofunum
genitive	hofs	hofsins	hofa	hofanna

Middle Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Old Dutch *hof.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /hɔf/

Noun edit

hof n or m

court, enclosed space
garden
farmstead
castle (court of the nobility)

Inflection edit

Declension of hof (strong)

	Singular	Plural
nominative	hof	hove
accusative	hof	hove
genitive	hoves	hove
dative	hove	hoven

Derived terms edit

hōvesch

Descendants edit

Dutch: hof
- Afrikaans: hof
- Negerhollands: hofje, hofi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
- → Papiamentu: hòfi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
Limburgish: haof, hoof
→ Scots: howff
- → English: howff

Old English edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /xof/, [hof]

Noun edit

hof n (nominative plural hofu)

court, hall
house, building

Declension edit

Declension of hof (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	hof	hofu
accusative	hof	hofu
genitive	hofes	hofa
dative	hofe	hofum

Descendants edit

Middle English: *hof, *hove
- Scots: hoff, howf, hoif, hoiff
- ⇒ Middle English: hovel, hovil, hovylle (diminutive)
  - English: hovel

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /xoːf/, [hoːf]

Noun edit

hōf m

a hoof

Declension edit

Declension of hof (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	hōf	hōfas
accusative	hōf	hōfas
genitive	hōfes	hōfa
dative	hōfe	hōfum

Descendants edit

English: hoof

Old Frisian edit

Ēn hof.

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą, from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“to bend”). Cognates include Old English hof, Old Saxon hof and Old Dutch *hof.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈhof/

Noun edit

hof n

court

Descendants edit

North Frisian: hof
Saterland Frisian: Hoaf
West Frisian: hôf

Ēn hōf.

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós. Cognates include Old English hōf, Old Saxon hōf and Old Dutch *huof.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈhoːf/

Noun edit

hōf m

hoof

Descendants edit

Saterland Frisian: Houf, Houch
West Frisian: hoef

References edit

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Norse edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *hufą (“hill, house, temple”).

Pronunciation edit

(12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈhov/

Noun edit

hof n (genitive hofs, plural hof)

(Germanic paganism) shrine, typically in a home of a farm
- Vǫluspá, verse 7, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2:
  […] þeir er hörg ok hof / hátimbruðu, […]
  
  […] they who shrines and temples / high timbered, […]
a hall, court
- Hymiskviða, verse 33, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 48:
  […] út or óru / ölkjól hofi. […]
  
  […] forth from our house / the cauldron here. […]
a royal court

Usage notes edit

Old Norse makes the distinction between hof "a hall, a sanctuary with a roof" and hǫrgr (“an altar, any cult site without a roof”). The prevalent meaning of hof in Old Norse literature is “temple, sanctuary”. Cleasby and Vigfússon (1874) note the generic meaning "a hall (as in German and Saxon)" in Hymiskviða 33 as a hapax legomenon. The meaning of “court” follows Middle High German and appears only from the 14th century and almost exclusively in compounds such as hof-ferð (“pride, pomp”), hof-garðr (“lordly mansion”), hof-folk (“courtiers”).

Declension edit

Declension of hof (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
neuter	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hof	hofit	hof	hofin
accusative	hof	hofit	hof	hofin
dative	hofi	hofinu	hofum	hofunum
genitive	hofs	hofsins	hofa	hofanna

Coordinate terms edit

hǫrgr
vé

Derived terms edit

Terms derived from hof

blóthof (“heathen temple”)
hofferð (“pride, pomp”)
hofferðugr (“proud”)
hoffólk (“courtiers”)
hoffrakt (“pomp”)
hofgarðr (“lordly mansion”)
hofgoði (“temple-priest”)
hofgrið (“asylum in a sanctuary”)
hofgyðja (“priestess”)
hofhelgr (“temple-feast”)
hoflist (“pomp”)
hoflýðr (“courtiers”)
hofmaðr (“courtier”)
hofmóðugr (“haughty”)
hofprestr (“temple-priest”)
hofsdyrr (“temple-doors”)
hofseiðr (“temple-oath”)
hofsgoði (“temple-priest”)
hofshelgi (“sanctity of a temple”)
hofshurð (“temple-door”)
hofshǫfðingi (“temple-lord”)
hofsmold (“temple mold, holy mold”)
hofstaðr (“sanctuary”)
hofsteigr (“strip of temple-land”)
hoftollr (“temple-toll, rate”)
hoftyft (“urbanity”)
hofvaerk (“great feat”)
hofþénari (“court servant”)

Descendants edit

Icelandic: hof
Faroese: hov
Norwegian Nynorsk: hov, hov
Swedish: hov
→ English: hof

References edit

“hof”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
hof in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
hof in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Old Saxon edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Noun edit

hof n

dwelling, hovel, house
court, hall

Descendants edit

Middle Low German: hof
- German Low German: Hoff
- Plautdietsch: Hoff
- → Danish: hof
- → Estonian: hoov
- → Norwegian: hoff
- → Old Swedish: hof
  - Swedish: hov
    - → Finnish: hovi
    - → Finnish: huovi
  - → Finnish: hovi

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz.

Noun edit

hōf m

a hoof

Swedish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

hof n

Obsolete spelling of hov (“royal court”)

Declension edit

Declension of hof
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	hof	hofvet	hof	hofven
Genitive	hofs	hofvets	hofs	hofvens

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

hof c

Obsolete spelling of hov (“hoof”)

Declension edit

Declension of hof
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	hof	hofven	hofvar	hofvarna
Genitive	hofs	hofvens	hofvars	hofvarnas

hof

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Synonyms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Noun edit

Anagrams edit

Cimbrian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Further reading edit

Danish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

References edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

References edit

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Icelandic edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Middle Dutch edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Inflection edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

Old English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

Old Frisian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Descendants edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Old Norse edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Usage notes edit

Declension edit

Coordinate terms edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Old Saxon edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit