Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *strowō, from Proto-Indo-European *strew- (to strew, to spread out). The stems of strūxī and strūctum (for the expected *strōvī and *strūtum) must be analogical on the model of fluō.[1] Cognate with Old English strewian (English strew), Old Norse strá.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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struō (present infinitive struere, perfect active strūxī, supine strūctum); third conjugation

  1. to place one thing on top of another, to pile up, join together
    Synonyms: cumulō, accumulō, exstruō, onerō, inaedificō, colligō
  2. to compose, construct, build
    Synonyms: aedificō, exaedificō, inaedificō, cōnstituō, cōnstruō, condō, compōnō, fundō, statuō, exstruō, mōlior
  3. (transferred) to ready, prepare, devise, design, contrive, arrange, plot, aim at, accomplish, to make or do a plan, purpose, intent, or course of action
    Synonyms: inveniō, māchinor, parō, comminīscor
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.271:
      “Quid struis? Aut quā spē Libycīs teris ōtia terrīs?”
      “What do you think you are doing? Or with what [false] hope are you wasting idle hours in the lands of Libya?”
      (Aeneas is overseeing building projects in Carthage just as Mercury arrives to confront him; Mercury’s criticism, however, is less about the physical construction than it is about self-deception. Other translations: West, 1990: “What do you have in mind?”; Fagles, 2006: “What are you plotting now?”; Bartsch, 2020: “What’s your plan?”)
  4. to place, arrange
    Synonyms: pōnō, collocō, locō, sistō, statuō, cōnstituō
  5. to heap up, load with
    Synonym: acervō

Usage notes

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In Classical texts, the only passive forms for this verb are the third-person singular and plural. Please note that there is a disagreement over whether the root vowel is short or long in the third and fourth principal parts and the verb forms based on these (strūxī for struxī and strūctum for structum).

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of struō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present struō struis struit struimus struitis struunt
imperfect struēbam struēbās struēbat struēbāmus struēbātis struēbant
future struam struēs struet struēmus struētis struent
perfect strūxī strūxistī strūxit strūximus strūxistis strūxērunt,
strūxēre
pluperfect strūxeram strūxerās strūxerat strūxerāmus strūxerātis strūxerant
future perfect strūxerō strūxeris strūxerit strūxerimus strūxeritis strūxerint
passive present struor strueris,
struere
struitur struimur struiminī struuntur
imperfect struēbar struēbāris,
struēbāre
struēbātur struēbāmur struēbāminī struēbantur
future struar struēris,
struēre
struētur struēmur struēminī struentur
perfect strūctus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect strūctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect strūctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present struam struās struat struāmus struātis struant
imperfect struerem struerēs strueret struerēmus struerētis struerent
perfect strūxerim strūxerīs strūxerit strūxerīmus strūxerītis strūxerint
pluperfect strūxissem strūxissēs strūxisset strūxissēmus strūxissētis strūxissent
passive present struar struāris,
struāre
struātur struāmur struāminī struantur
imperfect struerer struerēris,
struerēre
struerētur struerēmur struerēminī struerentur
perfect strūctus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect strūctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present strue struite
future struitō struitō struitōte struuntō
passive present struere struiminī
future struitor struitor struuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives struere strūxisse strūctūrum esse struī strūctum esse strūctum īrī
participles struēns strūctūrus strūctus struendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
struendī struendō struendum struendō strūctum strūctū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Welsh: ystryw

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Further reading

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  • struo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • struo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • struo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN