verstopfen
See also: Verstopfen
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German verstophen, from Old High German firstopfōn, firstophōn, from Proto-West Germanic *frastoppōn; equivalent to ver- + stopfen. Cognate with Dutch verstoppen, English forstop.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /fərˈʃtɔpfən/, /fɛr-/, [fɐˈʃtɔpfən], [fɛɐ̯-], [-pfn̩], [-pfɱ̍], [-pɸən], [-pɸn̩], [-pɸm̩]
- Hyphenation: ver‧stop‧fen
Audio: (file)
Verb
editverstopfen (weak, third-person singular present verstopft, past tense verstopfte, past participle verstopft, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (transitive) to plug; to clog [auxiliary haben]
- Er verstopft das Rohr mit einem Lappen.
- He plugs the pipe with a rag of cloth.
- Haare verstopfen das Rohr.
- Hairs clog the pipe.
- (intransitive) to become clogged; to clog up [auxiliary sein]
- Das Rohr verstopft.
- The pipe is getting clogged.
- (reflexive) to become clogged; to clog up [auxiliary haben]
- Seit der Renovierung hat sich das Rohr verstopft.
- The pipe has clogged up since the renovation.
Usage notes
edit- The auxiliary is haben in transitive and reflexive use, but sein in intransitive use. (The latter is fairly rare, as explained hereunder.)
- (to become clogged): This sense is usually construed as an intransitive verb in the present, preterite, and future tenses. In the perfect tenses, on the other hand, the reflexive construction is often preferred for clarity. Compare the last example sentence above, which could also be rendered as: Seit der Renovierung ist das Rohr verstopft. This would be less clear, however, because it could mean—and would usually mean—that the pipe has been clogged ever since the renovation (present tense of the copula + adjectival participle).
Conjugation
editinfinitive | verstopfen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | verstopfend | ||||
past participle | verstopft | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich verstopfe | wir verstopfen | i | ich verstopfe | wir verstopfen |
du verstopfst | ihr verstopft | du verstopfest | ihr verstopfet | ||
er verstopft | sie verstopfen | er verstopfe | sie verstopfen | ||
preterite | ich verstopfte | wir verstopften | ii | ich verstopfte1 | wir verstopften1 |
du verstopftest | ihr verstopftet | du verstopftest1 | ihr verstopftet1 | ||
er verstopfte | sie verstopften | er verstopfte1 | sie verstopften1 | ||
imperative | verstopf (du) verstopfe (du) |
verstopft (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “verstopfen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “verstopfen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “verstopfen” in Duden online
Categories:
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms prefixed with ver-
- German 3-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German verbs using sein as auxiliary
- German verbs using haben and sein as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German intransitive verbs
- German reflexive verbs