戚

See also: 慼

戚	U+621A, 戚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-621A

← 戙
[U+6219]

CJK Unified Ideographs

戛 →
[U+621B]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

戚 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹卜一火 (IHYMF), four-corner 5320₀, composition ⿵戊尗)

Derived characters edit

傶嘁墄慽摵槭磩縬(𦈚) 䗩䙘䠞鏚(𬭭) 顣(𫖹) 㗤㞝慼蹙𠗼𡠽𤠽𤨟𥉷𥼀𦟠𦪊𧫳𩥼(𬴈) 𦸗𪔯𥀻𦄉𧐶𮙖

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 412, character 38
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11594
Dae Jaweon: page 755, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1406, character 15
Unihan data for U+621A

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		戚
alternative forms		慼／戚慽鏚／𬭭𡫁

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (尗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椒	*ʔsliw
茮	*ʔsliw
踧	l'ɯːwɢ, ʔslɯwɢ
蔋	*l'ɯːwɢ
惄	*nɯːwɢ
戚	*sʰlɯːwɢ
慼	*sʰlɯːwɢ
鏚	*sʰlɯːwɢ
慽	*sʰlɯːwɢ
磩	*sʰlɯːwɢ
寂	*zlɯːwɢ
嘁	*ʔsluːb
墄	*sʰlɯːɡ
摵	srɯːɡ, ʔslɯwɢ, *srɯwɢ
督	*ʔl'uːwɢ
錖	*ʔl'uːwɢ
裻	ʔl'uːwɢ, sluːwɢ
傶	*ʔslɯːwɢ
蹙	*ʔslɯwɢ
槭	*ʔslɯwɢ
縬	ʔslɯwɢ, ʔsrɯwɢ
顣	*ʔslɯwɢ
敊	*l̥ʰɯwɢ
琡	ʔljɯwɢ, l̥ʰjɯwɢ
俶	*l̥ʰjɯwɢ
埱	*l̥ʰjɯwɢ
淑	*ɦljɯwɢ
婌	*ɦljɯwɢ
尗	*hljɯwɢ
叔	*hljɯwɢ
掓	*hljɯwɢ
菽	*hljɯwɢ
鮛	*hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯːwɢ) : semantic 戊 (“scythe”) + phonetic 尗 (OC *hljɯwɢ) – in early sense, a battle-axe, a kind of cutting weapon.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qī (qi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhit
Northern Min (KCR): chĭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiak / chhek

(Teochew, Peng'im): cêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ci
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cik¹
  - Yale: chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: qig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
  - Hakka Romanization System: qid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰek̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 戚
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/ /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/ 姓
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰiʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰek̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sek̚⁵/ /se⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tshek

Rime
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉歷切
Baxter	tshek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戚	戚	戚	戚
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī	qī	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	(in "toad")	relatives	kind of battle axe	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11729
Phonetic component	尗
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	戚
Old Chinese	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Definitions edit

戚

^⁜ maternal relatives
外戚 ― wàiqī ― relatives of the emperor's mother's or wife's side
(by extension) relatives
to be related to
sad
^† battle-axe
- 形天與帝至此（奇肱之國）爭神，帝斷其首，葬之長羊之山。乃以乳為目，以臍為口，操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  形天与帝至此（奇肱之国）争神，帝断其首，葬之长羊之山。乃以乳为目，以脐为口，操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
  Xíngtiān yǔ dì zhì cǐ (jī gōng zhī guó) zhēng shén, dì duàn qí shǒu, zàng zhī chángyáng zhī shān. Nǎi yǐ rǔ wéi mù, yǐ qí wéi kǒu, cāo gān qī yǐ wǔ. [Pinyin]
  When Xingtian fought with the Supreme Deity there (the land of people with odd/uneven upper-arms), the Supreme Deity decapitated him and buried his head at Changyang Mountain. [But Xingtian's] nipples became his eyes, his belly button became his mouth and the thrusting of his shield and battle-axe became his dance.
a surname
戚繼光／戚继光 ― Qī Jìguāng ― Qi Jiguang (Ming dynasty general)