до

See also: до- and Appendix:Variations of "do"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɔ]

Preposition

до • (do)

1. near, close to

   един до друг ― edin do drug ― side by side

2. up to, as far as

   до кръста ― do krǎsta ― down to the waist

3. until, till

   до последната минута ― do poslednata minuta ― till the last minute

Dungan

Etymology

Cognate of Mandarin Chinese 刀 (dāo)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔ²⁴/

Noun

до • (do) (I)

1. knife

Even

Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *dō, compare Manchu ᡩᠣ (do).

Noun

до (do)

1. the inside

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɔ]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ

Noun

до • (do)

1. (music) do

Preposition

до • (do)

1. next to, beside

   Ќе седнам до тебе.

   Ḱe sednam do tebe.

   I'm going to sit down next to you.

2. to, up to

   Ќе одиме до езерото.

   Ḱe odime do ezeroto.

   We'll go up to the lake.

3. until

   Нема да се видиме до крајот на годинава.

   Nema da se vidime do krajot na godinava.

   We won't see each other until the end of this year.

Nanai

Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *dō, compare Manchu ᡩᠣ (do).

Noun

до (transliteration needed)

1. the inside; the soul
2. bosom; bowels of the earth

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *do.

Preposition

до • (do)

1. up to
2. until

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *do. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic до (do) and Old Polish do.

Pronunciation

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /dɔ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /dɔ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /dɔ/
• Hyphenation: до

Preposition

до (do) (+ genitive)

1. up to
   • 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎^[1], page 2:

     ѥгда чьтеши книгꙑ· не тъштисѧ бърꙁо иштисти до дроугыꙗ главиꙁнꙑ·

     jegda čĭteši knigy· ne tŭštisę bŭrzo ištisti do drugyja glavizny·

     when you read books, don't strive to quickly read on to the following chapter.

2. until

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: до (do)
  • Belarusian: да (da)
  • Rusyn: до (do)
  • Ukrainian: до (do)
• Russian: до (do)

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893), “до”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 670

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, whence English to.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [də]
• IPA^(key): [dɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
• IPA^(key): [ˈdo] (when stressed)

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

до • (do) (+ genitive case)

1. before
2. up to, till, until
3. with respect to, concerning, regarding

Derived terms

• до того́ как (do tovó kak)

Related terms

• до- (do-)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [do]

Noun

до • (do) n inan (indeclinable)

1. (musical note) C

   до́ дие́з ― dó dijéz/diéz ― C sharp

   до́ бемо́ль ― dó bemólʹ ― C flat

See also

• Previous: си (si)
• Next: ре (rɛ)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /dô/

Adverb

до̏ (Latin spelling dȍ)

1. only, except

   ни(т)ко до ја ― nobody but me, only me

   не једе ништа до комад хљеба/хлеба ― he eats nothing except a piece of bread

2. around, approximately

   до два метра ― around two meters

   до 5 кила ― around five kilograms

3. due to, because of

   то је до хране ― that's due to the food

Preposition

до̏ (Latin spelling dȍ) (+ genitive case)

1. up to, to, until, as far as, by

   од Загреба до Београда ― from Zagreb to Belgrade

   од јутра до мрака ― from morning to night

   од 5 до 10 сати ― from 5 to 10 o'clock

   од врха до дна ― from top to bottom

   до р(иј)еке ― as far as the river

   сад је пет до седам ― now it's five minutes to seven

   до понед(ј)ељка ― by Monday

   до сада ― so far, thus far, till now

   до недавна ― until recently

   до дана данашњега ― to this very day

   све до ― as far as up to, all the way to

   до куда ― how far

   до туда ― thus far, up to here

2. before (= при̏је/пре̏)

   до рата ― before the war

3. beside, next (to)

   с(ј)еди до мене ― sit next to me

   један до другога ― side by side

4. idiomatic and figurative meanings

   није ми до тога ― I don't feel like doing that

   није ми до см(иј)еха ― I don't feel like laughing

   њему је само до секса ― he is only interested in sex

   није ми пуно стало до тога ― I'm not very much interested in that

   није до мене ― it's not up to me, it's no me to lame

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *dolъ.

Alternative forms

• до̑л

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dôː/

Noun

до̑ m (Latin spelling dȏ)

1. dale, small valley

Declension

Declension of до

	singular	plural
nominative	до̑	до̀лови/до̑ли
genitive	до̏ла	долова/дола
dative	долу	доловима/долима
accusative	до	долове/доле
vocative	доле	долови/доли
locative	долу	доловима/долима
instrumental	долом	доловима/долима

Derived terms

• долѝна

Etymology 3

From Italian do.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dôː/

Noun

до̑ m (Latin spelling dȏ)

1. (music) do

References

• “до” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “до” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “до” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Tsakhur

Noun

до (transliteration needed)

1. name

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Old East Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɔ]

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

до • (do) (+ genitive case)

1. to, toward

   Я йду до школи.

   Ja jdu do školy.

   I go to school.

2. until

Derived terms

• додому (dodomu) (homewards)
• до побачення (do pobačennja) (until next time)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “до”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka