Wiktionary

C

See also: c and Appendix:Variations of "c"

C U+0043, C
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
← B
[U+0042] 		Basic Latin D →
[U+0044]

Ⅽ U+216D, Ⅽ
ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED
← Ⅼ
[U+216C] 		Number Forms Ⅾ →
[U+216E]
Ｃ U+FF23, Ｃ
FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
← Ｂ
[U+FF22] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｄ →
[U+FF24]

TranslingualEdit

Etymology 1Edit

 

From the Etruscan letter 𐌂 (c, “ce”), from the Ancient Greek letter Γ (G, “gamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂 (g, “giml”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌙.

LetterEdit

C (lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

A standardization of Ɔ and C because the latter happens to be an abbreviation of Latin centum (“hundred”), from abbreviation of ƆIC, an alternate form of >I<, from tally stick markings resembling Ж (a superimposed X and I), from the practice of designating each tenth X notch with an extra cut.

Alternative formsEdit

NumeralEdit

C (upper case Roman numeral, lower case c)

  1. Roman numeral hundred (100)
  2. the hundredth (100th)

Coordinate termsEdit

Usage notesEdit

With a bar over the numeral, i.e., as C, it represents one hundred thousand.

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

  • Lesser roman numeral symbol: L (“50”)
  • Greater roman numeral symbol: D (“500”)
  • Roman numerals

Etymology 3Edit

  • (element symbol, carbon): abbreviation
  • (metrology, coulomb): abbreviation
  • (computing, hexadecimal 12): From its position as the twelfth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}

SymbolEdit

C

  1. (chemistry) Carbon.
  2. (metrology) Symbol for coulomb, an SI unit of electric charge.
  3. (metrology) Symbol for [[degrees Celsius#English|degrees Celsius]]; also °C.
    • 2019 December 2, Fiona Harvey, “Climate crisis: what is COP and can it save the world?”, in The Guardian‎[1]:
      Current commitments made by national governments under the Paris agreement fall far short of what is required – taken together, they would still condemn the world to an estimated temperature rise of more than 3C by the end of the century.
  4. (computing, hexadecimal) The digit for 12.
    0x0000000C
  5. (genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any cytosine
  6. (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for cysteine
  7. (mathematics) differentiable class
    C1 functions are differentiable once, and C2 functions are twice differentiable
  8. (mathematics) denotes the constant of integration
     
  9. (physics) capacitance
  10. (linguistics) A wildcard for a consonant
  11. (Voice Quality Symbols) creak (vocal fry)
  12. (finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service, indicating that a bond is in default, with little prospect of debt recovery.
  13. (finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is low grade and on the verge of default.
  14. (clothing) Bra cup size.

GalleryEdit

  • Letter styles
  •  

    Capital and lowercase versions of C, in normal and italic type

  •  

    Uppercase and lowercase C in Fraktur

See alsoEdit

Other representations of C:

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /siː/
Audio (UK)(file)

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c, plural Cs or C's)

  1. The third letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit

NumberEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The ordinal number third, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.

SymbolEdit

C

  1. A standard size of dry cell battery between A and D.

NounEdit

C (plural Cs)

  1. (slang) $100; a c-note.
    • 1935, Henry Louis Mencken, George Jean Nathan, The American Mercury (volume 35, page 227)
      I keep on fairbanking the chump until he is between a poop and a sweat. The score is half a C and he's broke.
  2. (music) The first note in the C chromatic and major scales.
  4. (education) An academic grade better than a D and worse than a B.
    • 2021 June 18, Roberts, Sam, “Saul B. Cohen, Who Helped Raise CUNY Standards, Dies at 95”, in The New York Times‎[2], archived from the original on 18 June 2021‎[3]:
      Dr. Cohen himself got a C in his first formal course in geography, during a summer program at Harvard after he graduated from high school. But he went on to earn three degrees and become the executive director of the Association of American Geographers and a leading expert in political and human geography — a specialty field that explores the impact of natural and arbitrary borders, territory, resources and populations on a nation’s cultural, social and economic development, as well as its relations with other countries.
  5. (Unicode) Canonical Decomposition, followed by Canonical Composition
  6. (slang) Cocaine.
    • 1945, William Burroughs, letter, 24 Jul 1945:
      Where did you secure the C? My own supply is utterly depleted.
  7. Abbreviation of consonant.
  8. (UK politics, in election results) Conservative
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

The programming language is so named because it followed on from an earlier language called B.

Proper nounEdit

C

  2. (programming) A particular high-level programming language from which many others are derived.
    • 1995, Gary Wolf, "The Curse of Xanadu", Wired Magazine
      The PDP-11, from the Digital Equipment Corporation, was a coveted machine. It was the original computer to run a new programming language called C, which was on its way to becoming the hackers' standard. Gregory, as it happened, didn't have any spare PDP-11s at his disposal. But the repairman took the opportunity to question some of Nelson's blithe predictions in Computer Lib, and Nelson, in response, unleashed his glib and bitter tirade against the conservative ignoramuses in the computer business.
  3. (Britain) Head of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6).
  4. (stock ticker symbol) Symbol for the company Citigroup Inc on the NYSE
HyponymsEdit

(programming language): Objective-C

Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Abbreviations.

  1. (entomology) costa
  2. (stenoscript) the sequence circ or its sound
  3. (stenoscript) the prefix circum-

VerbEdit

C

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of see; also c.
    • 2008 January–February, Chris Rodell, “Small talk, big results”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, ISSN 1054-4836, page 80:
      Sure, we may use cellphones and e-mail hundreds of times a week, but we say very little. […] Most of our talk, even in privileged IM circles, is no deeper than the words we exchange with the pizza guy. […] U C wt I mn?

ReferencesEdit

AfrikaansEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /sɪə/

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

NounEdit

C (plural C's, diminutive C'tjie)

  1. C

AlbanianEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA(key): /t͡s(ə)/

LetterEdit

C (upper case C, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

AngamiEdit

LetterEdit

C

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Angami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

AzerbaijaniEdit

LetterEdit

C upper case (lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

BasqueEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Basque alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

  • Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.

See alsoEdit

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

Central FranconianEdit

LetterEdit

C

  1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
  2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notesEdit

  • In the German-based spelling, c is generally used only in ck (doubled k), ch for /ɕ/, /x/ (rarely /k/), and sch for /ʃ/.
  • In the Dutch-based spelling, c is used in ch and sometimes after the Dutch cognate for /k/ or /s/. The digraph sj is used for /ʃ/.

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 C

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

C

  1. (electronics) USB-C
    C口  ―  sēikǒu  ―  USB-C port

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C

  1. The third letter of the Latin alphabet.

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, /k/, /x/, /ks/, /ʃ/, ...
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /seː/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -eː

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Dutch alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

EsperantoEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called co and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

EstonianEdit

 
Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsee and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

  • Used only in foreign words.

See alsoEdit

FinnishEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Finnish alphabet, called see and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

  • Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with k or s.

See alsoEdit

NounEdit

C

  1. Abbreviation of cum laude approbatur.

GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the German alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called cé and written in the Latin script.

DeclensionEdit

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative C C-k
accusative C-t C-ket
dative C-nek C-knek
instrumental C-vel C-kkel
causal-final C-ért C-kért
translative C-vé C-kké
terminative C-ig C-kig
essive-formal C-ként C-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive C-ben C-kben
superessive C-n C-ken
adessive C-nél C-knél
illative C-be C-kbe
sublative C-re C-kre
allative C-hez C-khez
elative C-ből C-kből
delative C-ről C-kről
ablative C-től C-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		C-é C-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		C-éi C-kéi
Possessive forms of C
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. C-m C-im
2nd person sing. C-d C-id
3rd person sing. C-je C-i
1st person plural C-nk C-ink
2nd person plural C-tek C-itek
3rd person plural C-jük C-ik

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

IdoEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

IndonesianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /t͡ʃe/ (standard)
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /se/ (variant, Dutch-influenced)
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /tʃ/

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

ItalianEdit

 
Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Italian alphabet, called ci and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

LatinEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Latin alphabet, written in the Latin script.

ReferencesEdit

  • C in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • C in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • C in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

LatvianEdit

 
Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

EtymologyEdit

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

 
C

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The fourth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called cē and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

MalayEdit

 
Malay Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ms

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C

  1. The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

 
Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nb
 
The letter C, c from the Norwegian alphabet, in two different fonts.

Alternative formsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin C, from Etruscan Etruscan 𐌂 (c), from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “gamma”), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g, “gimel”).

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (lowercase c)

  1. The third letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit

NounEdit

C m (definite singular C-en, indefinite plural C-er, definite plural C-ene)

  1. the letter c, the third letter of the Norwegian alphabet
  2. indicates the third entry in a list, order or rank
    • 1857, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter VIII, page 515:
      [jeg har] allerede sagt A. Traditionen vil nok lægge B. og C. til
      [I have] already said A. Tradition will probably add B. and C. to
    • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 100:
      historie er, hvad A mener til forskel fra B, og hvad C igen mener til forskel fra A og B
      history is what A means as a difference from B, and what C in turn means as a difference from A and B
    øl i klasse C ― beer with 2.75–3.75 volume percent alcohol
    førerkort klasse C ― driver's license for a truck
    førerkort klasse C1 ― driver's license for a light truck
    hepatitt C ― hepatitis C
  3. (education) the third highest grade in a school or university using the A-F scale
    å få C til eksamen
    to get a C on your exam
  4. (music) C, c-note (the first note in the C chromatic and major scales; the lowest note of an instrument, written below the staff and the D note)
    • 1997, Tove Nilsen, G for Georg, page 42:
      så gal at man virkelig tror at svaler er g-nøkler og bass-nøkler og a’er og c’er som svever rundt hverandre og lager konsert i himmelen
      so crazy that you really think swallows are g-keys and bass-keys and a's and c's floating around each other and making a concert in the sky
    den høye C ― high C
    • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 100:
      [de] larmet ikke og gik ikke og tok det høie C
      [they] did not make noise and did not go and did the high C
    • 1999, Børre Qvamme, Opera, operette og ballett gjennom tidene, page 70:
      Duprez vakte sensasjon ved sine ut de poitrine, høy c tatt som brysttone
      Duprez aroused sensation by his out de poitrine, high c taken as chest tone
    • 2000, Pål Gerhard Olsen, Fredstid:
      han gjør stolen hennes tobent så hun når den høye c av forskrekkelse
      he makes her chair two-legged so she reaches the high c out of fright
  5. C (Roman numeral hundred; 100)
Usage notesEdit
  • Only used in words of foreign origin, usually English. Even rare in loanwords, as this letter does not represent a sound of its own.
  • Still kept in many Christian names, therefore Caroline and Karoline are both acceptable spellings.

Etymology 2Edit

Abbreviation of celsius, named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744).

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

C

  1. (metrology) symbol for degrees Celsius

Etymology 3Edit

Abbreviation of coulomb, named after French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb.

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

C

  1. (metrology) Symbol for coulomb, an SI unit of electric charge.

Etymology 4Edit

Named C because it followed on from an earlier programming language called B.

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

C

  1. (programming) C (a particular high-level programming language from which many others are derived)

Etymology 5Edit

Abbreviation of karbon, from French carbone (“carbon”), from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“to burn”).

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

C

  1. (chemistry) carbon (the chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6)
    • 1943, (Carl Fred. Holmboe, Michael Faraday, page 165–166:
      kullstoffet C (carbo) er tetravalent og danner metan CH4 med fire vannstoffatomer
      carbon C (carbo) is tetravalent and forms methane CH4 with four hydrogen atoms

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

NupeEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The fourth letter of the Polish alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • C in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • C in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

RomaniEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “C, c”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 13

RomanianEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The fifth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ce or cî and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

When followed by an i or e, this letter represents the phoneme /tʃ/, as in cel (/tʃel/) and citesc (/tʃiˈtesk/). When followed by hi or he (chi and che) and in all other cases, it represents /k/.

See alsoEdit

SaanichEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C

  1. The fifth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

Skolt SamiEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (lower case c)

  1. The fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

SloveneEdit

 
Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Gaj's Latin alphabet C, from Czech alphabet C, from Latin C, from Etruscan 𐌂 (c), from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “Gamma”), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g, “gimel”). Pronunciation as IPA(key): /cə/ is initial Slovene (phoneme plus a fill vowel) and the second pronunciation is probably taken from German C.

PronunciationEdit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /t͡s/, [d͡z]
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /t͡sə́/, /t͡sèː/, /t͡séː/
  • Audio (letter name, non-tonal)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ə, -eː

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. The fourth letter of the Resian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  3. The third letter of the Natisone Valley dialect alphabet, written in the Latin script.

NounEdit

C m inan

  1. The name of the Latin script letter C / c.

InflectionEdit

  • Overall more common
Masculine inan., soft o-stem
nom. sing. C
gen. sing. C-ja
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		C C-ja C-ji
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		C-ja C-jev C-jev
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		C-ju C-jema C-jem
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		C C-ja C-je
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		C-ju C-jih C-jih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		C-jem C-jema C-ji
  • More common when with a definite adjective
Masculine inan., no endings
nom. sing. C
gen. sing. C
singular dual plural
nominative C C C
accusative C C C
genitive C C C
dative C C C
locative C C C
instrumental C C C

See alsoEdit

SomaliEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʕ/
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ʕæɪ̯n/

LetterEdit

C upper case (lower case c)

  1. The twelfth letter of the Somali alphabet, called cayn and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

  1. The twelfth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by DH and followed by G.

See alsoEdit

SpanishEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

NounEdit

C m

  1. (chess) Abbreviation of caballo.; K (knight)

TurkishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /d͡ʒeː/

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

VietnameseEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The fifth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called xê and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

WelshEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ec and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by B and followed by Ch.

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
Cymru Gymru Nghymru Chymru
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), chapter C, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

ZuluEdit

LetterEdit

C (upper case, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

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