шар
Bulgarian
editEtymology
editFrom Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ), probably of Oghur origin, related to the adjective Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“bright, yellow”). Akin to the first element in the name of the Šaraghur tribe.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editшар • (šar) m
Usage notes
editIn the standard language, the diminutive form шарка (šarka) is more often used.
Declension
editDerived terms
editReferences
editKalmyk
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editKazakh
editAlternative scripts | |
---|---|
Arabic | شار |
Cyrillic | шар |
Latin | şar |
Yañalif | car |
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Turkic *čar (“whetstone, sickle , to whet”).
Cognate with Bashkir сар (sar), Karakalpak shar, Nogai шар (şar), Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone, spool”), Kyrgyz чар (car, “whetstone”), Southern Altai чар (čar, “whetstone”), Tatar чар (çar, “whetstone, mill stone”), Shor шар, Tuvan шар (şar, “whetstone”), Yakut сардаҕа (sardağa), Dolgan сардаана (sardaana, “short heavy arrow with a broad head”), etc.
Noun
editшар • (şar)
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”).
Noun
editшар • (şar)
Declension
editsingular (жекеше) | plural (көпше) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (атау септік) | шар (şar) | шарлар (şarlar) |
genitive (ілік септік) | шардың (şardyñ) | шарлардың (şarlardyñ) |
dative (барыс септік) | шарға (şarğa) | шарларға (şarlarğa) |
accusative (табыс септік) | шарды (şardy) | шарларды (şarlardy) |
locative (жатыс септік) | шарда (şarda) | шарларда (şarlarda) |
ablative (шығыс септік) | шардан (şardan) | шарлардан (şarlardan) |
instrumental (көмектес септік) | шармен (şarmen) | шарлармен (şarlarmen) |
Macedonian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *šarъ. Doublet of шара (šara, “pattern, design”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editMongolian
editPronunciation
edit- (Ulaanbaatar) IPA(key): /ʃar/, [ʃar]
Etymology 1
edit- From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara), Dongxiang shira.
- Akin to Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”), compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”), Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
- Doublet of шарга (šarga, “tawny”).
Adjective
editшар • (šar)
Derived terms
edit- шар айраг (šar ajrag, “beer”)
- шар лууван (šar luuvan, “carrot”)
- шар үс (šar üs, “vellus hair”)
- шар будаа (šar budaa, “millet”)
See also
editцагаан (cagaan) | саарал (saaral) | хар (xar) |
улаан (ulaan); хүрэн улаан (xüren ulaan) | улбар шар (ulbar šar); бор (bor), хүрэн (xüren) | шар (šar); хул (xul), цайвар шар (cajvar šar) |
цайвар ногоон (cajvar nogoon) | ногоон (nogoon) | |
цэнхэр (cenxer); номин ногоон (nomin nogoon) | номин (nomin) | хөх (xöx) |
нил (nil); индиго (indigo) | улаан ягаан (ulaan jagaan); час улаан (čas ulaan) | ягаан (jagaan) |
Etymology 2
editNoun
editшар • (šar)
See also
edit- үхэр (üxer)
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- шаръ (šar) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
editUnclear. Perhaps related (although Vasmer found it unconvincing) to Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”), Old Church Slavonic шаръчи (šarŭči, “painter”), which probably derive from an early Turkic borrowing into Slavic; cf. Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). In that case, the sense development might have been “color, paint” → “spot” → “round object”.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editшар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ра, nominative plural шары́, genitive plural шаро́в, relational adjective шарово́й, diminutive ша́рик)
- ball, solid sphere
- (mathematics) ball (the set of points lying within a given distance from a given point)
- balloon
Usage notes
edit- After the numbers 2, 3 and 4, and related higher numbers, the stress in the genitive singular falls on the final syllable: два́дцать два́ шара́ (dvádcatʹ dvá šará, “twenty-two balls/balloons”). In the mathematical sense, however, ша́ра is used even when counting: три ша́ра (tri šára, “three (mathematical) balls”).
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ша́р šár |
шары́ šarý |
genitive | ша́ра šára |
шаро́в šaróv |
dative | ша́ру šáru |
шара́м šarám |
accusative | ша́р šár |
шары́ šarý |
instrumental | ша́ром šárom |
шара́ми šarámi |
prepositional | ша́ре šáre |
шара́х šaráx |
locative | шару́ šarú |
|
paucal | шара́†* šará†* |
* Used with the numbers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
† Not in the mathematical sense.
Derived terms
edit- возду́шный ша́р (vozdúšnyj šár, “balloon”)
- земно́й шар (zemnój šar, “Earth (seen as a globe)”)
- сне́жный ша́р (snéžnyj šár, “snow globe”)
Related terms
edit- ша́рик (šárik)
- шаровидный (šarovidnyj), шарообразный (šaroobraznyj), ша́риковый (šárikovyj)
- ша́рить (šáritʹ)
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Russian шар (šar).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editша̑р m (Latin spelling šȃr)
Tabasaran
editNoun
editшар • (šar)
Synonyms
edit- шид (šid)
References
edit- Talibov, B. B. (1980) Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков [Comparative phonetics of Lezghian languages][1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 172
Ukrainian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editUncertain. Possibly borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”) with a subsequent shift in meaning.[1]
Noun
editшар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ру, nominative plural ша́ри, genitive plural ша́рів)
- layer
- снігови́й шар ― snihovýj šar ― layer of snow
- stratum
- annual ring of a tree
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- багатошаро́вий (bahatošaróvyj)
- двошаро́вий (dvošaróvyj)
- п'ятишаро́вий (pʺjatyšaróvyj)
- тришаро́вий (tryšaróvyj)
- чотиришаро́вий (čotyryšaróvyj)
- шарува́тий (šaruvátyj)
Etymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editшар • (šar)
- second-person singular imperative of ша́рити impf (šáryty)
References
edit- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “шар”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 379
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1980), “шар”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 11 (Х – Ь), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 409
- “шар”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
Further reading
edit- A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “шар”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
- A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “шар”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
- “шар”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “шар”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)
Yakut
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Russian шар (šar).
Noun
editшар • (shar)
- ball (sphere)
Derived terms
edit- сир шара (sir shara, “globe”)
- салгын шара (salgın shara, “balloon”)
See also
edit- шарик (sharik, “balloon”)
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Oghur languages
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian masculine nouns
- Bulgarian terms with obsolete senses
- Bulgarian dialectal terms
- Bulgarian terms with archaic senses
- Kalmyk terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Kalmyk terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Kalmyk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kalmyk lemmas
- Kalmyk adjectives
- Kazakh terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Kazakh terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Kazakh lemmas
- Kazakh nouns
- Kazakh terms borrowed from Russian
- Kazakh terms derived from Russian
- kk:Geometry
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns
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- Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mongolian terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Mongolian terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Mongolian doublets
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- Mongolian adjectives
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- Mongolian nouns
- mn:Pathology
- Russian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Russian 1-syllable words
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- Russian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Russian/ar
- Rhymes:Russian/ar/1 syllable
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- ru:Mathematics
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns with locative singular
- Russian nouns with paucal form
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Russian
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Russian
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Tabasaran lemmas
- Tabasaran nouns
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Ukrainian terms with unknown etymologies
- Ukrainian terms borrowed from Russian
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- Ukrainian nouns
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- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a
- Ukrainian non-lemma forms
- Ukrainian verb forms
- Yakut terms borrowed from Russian
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- Yakut lemmas
- Yakut nouns
- sah:Shapes
- sah:Toys