шар
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ), probably of Oghur origin, related to the adjective Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“bright, yellow”). Akin to the first element in the name of the Šaraghur tribe.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
шар • (šar) m
Usage notes edit
In the standard language, the diminutive form шарка (šarka) is more often used.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
Kalmyk edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
Kazakh edit
| Alternative scripts | |
|---|---|
| Arabic | شار |
| Cyrillic | шар |
| Latin | şar |
| Yañalif | car |
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Turkic *čar (“whetstone, sickle , to whet”).
Cognate with Bashkir сар (sar), Karakalpak shar, Nogai шар (şar), Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone, spool”), Kyrgyz чар (çar, “whetstone”), Southern Altai чар (čar, “whetstone”), Tatar чар (çar, “whetstone, mill stone”), Shor шар, Tuvan шар (şar, “whetstone”), Yakut сардаҕа (sardağa), Dolgan сардаана (sardaana, “short heavy arrow with a broad head”), etc.
Noun edit
шар • (şar)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”).
Noun edit
шар • (şar)
Declension edit
| singular (жекеше) | plural (көпше) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (атау септік) | шар (şar) | шарлар (şarlar) |
| genitive (ілік септік) | шардың (şardyñ) | шарлардың (şarlardyñ) |
| dative (барыс септік) | шарға (şarğa) | шарларға (şarlarğa) |
| accusative (табыс септік) | шарды (şardy) | шарларды (şarlardy) |
| locative (жатыс септік) | шарда (şarda) | шарларда (şarlarda) |
| ablative (шығыс септік) | шардан (şardan) | шарлардан (şarlardan) |
| instrumental (көмектес септік) | шармен (şarmen) | шарлармен (şarlarmen) |
Macedonian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šarъ. Doublet of шара (šara, “pattern, design”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Mongolian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Ulaanbaatar) IPA(key): /ʃar/, [ʃar]
Etymology 1 edit
- From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara), Dongxiang shira.
- Akin to Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”), compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”), Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
- Doublet of шарга (šarga, “tawny”).
Adjective edit
шар • (šar)
Derived terms edit
- шар айраг (šar ajrag, “beer”)
- шар лууван (šar luuvan, “carrot”)
- шар үс (šar üs, “vellus hair”)
- шар будаа (šar budaa, “millet”)
See also edit
| цагаан (cagaan) | саарал (saaral) | хар (xar) |
| улаан (ulaan); хүрэн улаан (xüren ulaan) | улбар шар (ulbar šar); бор (bor), хүрэн (xüren) | шар (šar); хул (xul), цайвар шар (cajvar šar) |
| цайвар ногоон (cajvar nogoon) | ногоон (nogoon) | |
| цэнхэр (cenxer); номин ногоон (nomin nogoon) | номин (nomin) | хөх (xöx) |
| нил (nil); индиго (indigo) | улаан ягаан (ulaan jagaan); час улаан (čas ulaan) | ягаан (jagaan) |
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
шар • (šar)
See also edit
- үхэр (üxer)
Russian edit
Alternative forms edit
- шаръ (šar) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology edit
Unclear. Perhaps related (although Vasmer found it unconvincing) to Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”), Old Church Slavonic шаръчи (šarŭči, “painter”), which probably derive from an early Turkic borrowing into Slavic; cf. Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). In that case, the sense development might have been “color, paint” → “spot” → “round object”.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ра, nominative plural шары́, genitive plural шаро́в, relational adjective шарово́й, diminutive ша́рик)
- ball, solid sphere
- (mathematics) ball (the set of points lying within a given distance from a given point)
- balloon
Usage notes edit
- After the numbers 2, 3 and 4, and related higher numbers, the stress in the genitive singular falls on the final syllable: два́дцать два́ шара́ (dvádcatʹ dvá šará, “twenty-two balls/balloons”). In the mathematical sense, however, ша́ра is used even when counting: три ша́ра (tri šára, “three (mathematical) balls”).
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ша́р šár |
шары́ šarý |
| genitive | ша́ра šára |
шаро́в šaróv |
| dative | ша́ру šáru |
шара́м šarám |
| accusative | ша́р šár |
шары́ šarý |
| instrumental | ша́ром šárom |
шара́ми šarámi |
| prepositional | ша́ре šáre |
шара́х šaráx |
| locative | шару́ šarú |
|
| paucal | шара́†* šará†* |
* Used with the numbers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
† Not in the mathematical sense.
Derived terms edit
- возду́шный ша́р (vozdúšnyj šár, “balloon”)
- земно́й шар (zemnój šar, “Earth (seen as a globe)”)
- сне́жный ша́р (snéžnyj šár, “snow globe”)
Related terms edit
- шаровидный (šarovidnyj), шарообразный (šaroobraznyj), ша́риковый (šárikovyj)
- ша́рить (šáritʹ)
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “шар”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ша̑р m (Latin spelling šȃr)
Tabasaran edit
Noun edit
шар • (šar)
Synonyms edit
- шид (šid)
References edit
- Talibov, B. B. (1980) Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков [Comparative phonetics of Lezghian languages][1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 172
Ukrainian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”)?
Noun edit
шар • (šar) m pers (genitive [please provide], nominative plural [please provide])
- layer
- снігови́й шар ― snihovýj šar ― layer of snow
- stratum
- annual ring of a tree
Derived terms edit
- багатошаро́вий (bahatošaróvyj)
- двошаро́вий (dvošaróvyj)
- п'ятишаро́вий (pʺjatyšaróvyj)
- тришаро́вий (tryšaróvyj)
- чотиришаро́вий (čotyryšaróvyj)
- шарува́тий (šaruvátyj)
Yakut edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).
Noun edit
шар • (shar)
- ball (sphere)
Derived terms edit
- сир шара (sir shara, “globe”)
- салгын шара (salgın shara, “balloon”)
See also edit
- шарик (sharik, “balloon”)