पा
Hindi
editPronunciation
editVerb
editपा • (pā)
- inflection of पाना (pānā):
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
edit- পা (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬵ (Balinese script)
- পা (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ပါ (Burmese script)
- પા (Gujarati script)
- ਪਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಪಾ (Kannada script)
- បា (Khmer script)
- ປາ (Lao script)
- പാ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐵 (Newa script)
- ପା (Odia script)
- ꢦꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖯 (Siddham script)
- පා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚭 (Takri script)
- பா (Tamil script)
- పా (Telugu script)
- ปา (Thai script)
- པཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (“to feed, maintain”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.
Root
editपा • (pā)
- to watch, keep, preserve
- to protect from, defend against
- to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
- to observe, notice, attend to, follow
Derived terms
edit- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- Non-Finite Forms
- Derived Nominal Forms
- Prefixed Root Forms
Sometimes given with पालयति (pāláyati) as causative.
Adjective
editपा • (pā́) stem
- keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.
Declension
editMasculine ā-stem declension of पा (pā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पाः pā́ḥ |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः pā́ḥ |
Vocative | पाः pā́ḥ |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः pā́ḥ |
Accusative | पाम् pā́m |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः / पः² pā́ḥ / páḥ² |
Instrumental | पा pā́ |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभिः pā́bhiḥ |
Dative | पे pé |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | पः páḥ |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | पः páḥ |
पोः póḥ |
पानाम् / पाम्² pā́nām / pā́m² |
Locative | पि pí |
पोः póḥ |
पासु pā́su |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पाः pā́ḥ |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः pā́ḥ |
Vocative | पाः pā́ḥ |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः pā́ḥ |
Accusative | पाम् pā́m |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः / पः² pā́ḥ / páḥ² |
Instrumental | पा pā́ |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभिः pā́bhiḥ |
Dative | पे pé |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | पः páḥ |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | पः páḥ |
पोः póḥ |
पानाम् / पाम्² pā́nām / pā́m² |
Locative | पि pí |
पोः póḥ |
पासु pā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter ā-stem declension of पा (pā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पाः pā́ḥ |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः pā́ḥ |
Vocative | पाः pā́ḥ |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः pā́ḥ |
Accusative | पाम् pā́m |
पौ / पा¹ paú / pā́¹ |
पाः / पः² pā́ḥ / páḥ² |
Instrumental | पा pā́ |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभिः pā́bhiḥ |
Dative | पे pé |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | पः páḥ |
पाभ्याम् pā́bhyām |
पाभ्यः pā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | पः páḥ |
पोः póḥ |
पानाम् / पाम्² pā́nām / pā́m² |
Locative | पि pí |
पोः póḥ |
पासु pā́su |
Notes |
|
Derived terms
editNoun
editपा • (pā) stem, f
- guarding, protecting
Declension
editFeminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Vocative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Accusative | पाम् pām |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ² |
Instrumental | पा pā |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभिः pābhiḥ |
Dative | पे pe |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Ablative | पः paḥ |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Genitive | पः paḥ |
पोः poḥ |
पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām² |
Locative | पि pi |
पोः poḥ |
पासु pāsu |
Notes |
|
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 112-3
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 377-8
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”).
Root
editपा • (pā)
- to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
- (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
- to drink up, exhaust, absorb
- to drink intoxicating liquors
Derived terms
edit- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- Non-Finite Forms
- पीत (pītá, Past Participle)
- पातुम् (pātum, Infinitive)
- पातवे (pā́tave, Infinitive)
- पातवै (pā́tavái, Infinitive)
- पिबध्यै (píbadhyai, Infinitive)
- पीत्वा (pītvā́, Gerund)
- पीत्वी (pītvī́, Gerund)
- पायम् (pāyam, Gerund)
- पेय (peya, Gerundive)
- पातव्य (pātavya, Gerundive)
- पानीय (pānīya, Gerundive)
- पाययितवै (pā́yayitavái, Causative Infinitive)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- Prefixed Root Forms
पात्र (pā́tra, “bowl, vessel, cup”) is often also considered to belong here, but this might not be etymologically accurate.
Adjective
editपा • (pā) stem
Declension
editMasculine ā-stem declension of पा (pā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Vocative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Accusative | पाम् pām |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ² |
Instrumental | पा pā |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभिः pābhiḥ |
Dative | पे pe |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Ablative | पः paḥ |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Genitive | पः paḥ |
पोः poḥ |
पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām² |
Locative | पि pi |
पोः poḥ |
पासु pāsu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Vocative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Accusative | पाम् pām |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ² |
Instrumental | पा pā |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभिः pābhiḥ |
Dative | पे pe |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Ablative | पः paḥ |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Genitive | पः paḥ |
पोः poḥ |
पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām² |
Locative | पि pi |
पोः poḥ |
पासु pāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter ā-stem declension of पा (pā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Vocative | पाः pāḥ |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः pāḥ |
Accusative | पाम् pām |
पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹ |
पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ² |
Instrumental | पा pā |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभिः pābhiḥ |
Dative | पे pe |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Ablative | पः paḥ |
पाभ्याम् pābhyām |
पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ |
Genitive | पः paḥ |
पोः poḥ |
पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām² |
Locative | पि pi |
पोः poḥ |
पासु pāsu |
Notes |
|
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 612, column 3.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 95
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 113-114
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 378
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 255
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 462
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “839”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839
Etymology 3
editProbably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, “to overturn”), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, “goes”). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.
Root
editपा • (pā)
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pā [3]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 378-9
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi non-lemma forms
- Hindi verb forms
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂-
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit roots
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit feminine nouns
- Sanskrit ā-stem nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-