See also: -पा

Hindi

edit

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /pɑː/, [päː]

Verb

edit

पा ()

  1. inflection of पाना (pānā):
    1. stem
    2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

Sanskrit

edit

Alternative scripts

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

    From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (to protect); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (to feed, maintain), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, guard), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

    Root

    edit

    पा ()

    1. to watch, keep, preserve
    2. to protect from, defend against
    3. to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
    4. to observe, notice, attend to, follow
    Derived terms
    edit
    Primary Verbal Forms
    Secondary Forms
    Non-Finite Forms
    Derived Nominal Forms
    Prefixed Root Forms

    Sometimes given with पालयति (pāláyati) as causative.

    Adjective

    edit

    पा (pā́) stem

    1. keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.
    Declension
    edit
    Masculine ā-stem declension of पा (pā́)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative पाः
    pā́ḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः
    pā́ḥ
    Vocative पाः
    pā́ḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः
    pā́ḥ
    Accusative पाम्
    pā́m
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः / पः²
    pā́ḥ / páḥ²
    Instrumental पा
    pā́
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभिः
    pā́bhiḥ
    Dative पे
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pā́bhyaḥ
    Ablative पः
    páḥ
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pā́bhyaḥ
    Genitive पः
    páḥ
    पोः
    póḥ
    पानाम् / पाम्²
    pā́nām / pā́m²
    Locative पि
    पोः
    póḥ
    पासु
    pā́su
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps
    Feminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā́)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative पाः
    pā́ḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः
    pā́ḥ
    Vocative पाः
    pā́ḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः
    pā́ḥ
    Accusative पाम्
    pā́m
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः / पः²
    pā́ḥ / páḥ²
    Instrumental पा
    pā́
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभिः
    pā́bhiḥ
    Dative पे
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pā́bhyaḥ
    Ablative पः
    páḥ
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pā́bhyaḥ
    Genitive पः
    páḥ
    पोः
    póḥ
    पानाम् / पाम्²
    pā́nām / pā́m²
    Locative पि
    पोः
    póḥ
    पासु
    pā́su
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps
    Neuter ā-stem declension of पा (pā́)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative पाः
    pā́ḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः
    pā́ḥ
    Vocative पाः
    pā́ḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः
    pā́ḥ
    Accusative पाम्
    pā́m
    पौ / पा¹
    paú / pā́¹
    पाः / पः²
    pā́ḥ / páḥ²
    Instrumental पा
    pā́
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभिः
    pā́bhiḥ
    Dative पे
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pā́bhyaḥ
    Ablative पः
    páḥ
    पाभ्याम्
    pā́bhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pā́bhyaḥ
    Genitive पः
    páḥ
    पोः
    póḥ
    पानाम् / पाम्²
    pā́nām / pā́m²
    Locative पि
    पोः
    póḥ
    पासु
    pā́su
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps
    Derived terms
    edit

    Noun

    edit

    पा () stemf

    1. guarding, protecting
    Declension
    edit
    Feminine ā-stem declension of पा ()
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative पाः
    pāḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    pau / pā¹
    पाः
    pāḥ
    Vocative पाः
    pāḥ
    पौ / पा¹
    pau / pā¹
    पाः
    pāḥ
    Accusative पाम्
    pām
    पौ / पा¹
    pau / pā¹
    पाः / पः²
    pāḥ / paḥ²
    Instrumental पा
    पाभ्याम्
    pābhyām
    पाभिः
    pābhiḥ
    Dative पे
    pe
    पाभ्याम्
    pābhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pābhyaḥ
    Ablative पः
    paḥ
    पाभ्याम्
    pābhyām
    पाभ्यः
    pābhyaḥ
    Genitive पः
    paḥ
    पोः
    poḥ
    पानाम् / पाम्²
    pānām / pām²
    Locative पि
    pi
    पोः
    poḥ
    पासु
    pāsu
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps

    References

    edit
    • Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
    • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 112-3
    • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “[1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 377-8

    Etymology 2

    edit

      From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (to drink).

      Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (drinking together); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (beer).

      Root

      edit

      पा ()

      1. to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
      2. (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
      3. to drink up, exhaust, absorb
      4. to drink intoxicating liquors
      Derived terms
      edit
      Primary Verbal Forms
      Secondary Forms
      Non-Finite Forms
      Derived Nominal Forms
      Prefixed Root Forms

      पात्र (pā́tra, bowl, vessel, cup) is often also considered to belong here, but this might not be etymologically accurate.

      Adjective

      edit

      पा () stem

      1. drinking, quaffing, etc.
      Declension
      edit
      Masculine ā-stem declension of पा ()
      Singular Dual Plural
      Nominative पाः
      pāḥ
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः
      pāḥ
      Vocative पाः
      pāḥ
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः
      pāḥ
      Accusative पाम्
      pām
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः / पः²
      pāḥ / paḥ²
      Instrumental पा
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभिः
      pābhiḥ
      Dative पे
      pe
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभ्यः
      pābhyaḥ
      Ablative पः
      paḥ
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभ्यः
      pābhyaḥ
      Genitive पः
      paḥ
      पोः
      poḥ
      पानाम् / पाम्²
      pānām / pām²
      Locative पि
      pi
      पोः
      poḥ
      पासु
      pāsu
      Notes
      • ¹Vedic
      • ²Perhaps
      Feminine ā-stem declension of पा ()
      Singular Dual Plural
      Nominative पाः
      pāḥ
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः
      pāḥ
      Vocative पाः
      pāḥ
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः
      pāḥ
      Accusative पाम्
      pām
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः / पः²
      pāḥ / paḥ²
      Instrumental पा
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभिः
      pābhiḥ
      Dative पे
      pe
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभ्यः
      pābhyaḥ
      Ablative पः
      paḥ
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभ्यः
      pābhyaḥ
      Genitive पः
      paḥ
      पोः
      poḥ
      पानाम् / पाम्²
      pānām / pām²
      Locative पि
      pi
      पोः
      poḥ
      पासु
      pāsu
      Notes
      • ¹Vedic
      • ²Perhaps
      Neuter ā-stem declension of पा ()
      Singular Dual Plural
      Nominative पाः
      pāḥ
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः
      pāḥ
      Vocative पाः
      pāḥ
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः
      pāḥ
      Accusative पाम्
      pām
      पौ / पा¹
      pau / pā¹
      पाः / पः²
      pāḥ / paḥ²
      Instrumental पा
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभिः
      pābhiḥ
      Dative पे
      pe
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभ्यः
      pābhyaḥ
      Ablative पः
      paḥ
      पाभ्याम्
      pābhyām
      पाभ्यः
      pābhyaḥ
      Genitive पः
      paḥ
      पोः
      poḥ
      पानाम् / पाम्²
      pānām / pām²
      Locative पि
      pi
      पोः
      poḥ
      पासु
      pāsu
      Notes
      • ¹Vedic
      • ²Perhaps

      References

      edit
      • Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 612, column 3.
      • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
      • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 95
      • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
      • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 113-114
      • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “[2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 378

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, to overturn), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, goes). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.

      Root

      edit

      पा ()

      1. to rise against, be hostile
      Derived terms
      edit

      References

      edit
      • Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330, column 2.
      • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
      • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114
      • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “[3]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 378-9