See also: -पा

Hindi

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Pronunciation

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  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /pɑː/, [päː]

Verb

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पा ()

  1. inflection of पाना (pānā):
    1. stem
    2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (to protect); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (to feed, maintain), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, guard), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

    Root

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    पा ()

    1. to watch, keep, preserve
    2. to protect from, defend against
    3. to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
    4. to observe, notice, attend to, follow
    Derived terms
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    Primary Verbal Forms
    Secondary Forms
    Non-Finite Forms
    Derived Nominal Forms
    Prefixed Root Forms

    Sometimes given with पालयति (pāláyati) as causative.

    Adjective

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    पा (pā́) stem

    1. keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.
    Declension
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    Masculine ā-stem declension of पा
    singular dual plural
    nominative पाः (pā́ḥ) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    accusative पाम् (pā́m) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    पः² (páḥ²)
    instrumental पा (pā́) पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभिः (pā́bhiḥ)
    dative पे () पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभ्यः (pā́bhyaḥ)
    ablative पः (páḥ) पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभ्यः (pā́bhyaḥ)
    genitive पः (páḥ) पोः (póḥ) पानाम् (pā́nām)
    पाम्² (pā́m²)
    locative पि () पोः (póḥ) पासु (pā́su)
    vocative पाः (pā́ḥ) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps
    Feminine ā-stem declension of पा
    singular dual plural
    nominative पाः (pā́ḥ) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    accusative पाम् (pā́m) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    पः² (páḥ²)
    instrumental पा (pā́) पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभिः (pā́bhiḥ)
    dative पे () पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभ्यः (pā́bhyaḥ)
    ablative पः (páḥ) पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभ्यः (pā́bhyaḥ)
    genitive पः (páḥ) पोः (póḥ) पानाम् (pā́nām)
    पाम्² (pā́m²)
    locative पि () पोः (póḥ) पासु (pā́su)
    vocative पाः (pā́ḥ) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps
    Neuter ā-stem declension of पा
    singular dual plural
    nominative पाः (pā́ḥ) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    accusative पाम् (pā́m) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    पः² (páḥ²)
    instrumental पा (pā́) पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभिः (pā́bhiḥ)
    dative पे () पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभ्यः (pā́bhyaḥ)
    ablative पः (páḥ) पाभ्याम् (pā́bhyām) पाभ्यः (pā́bhyaḥ)
    genitive पः (páḥ) पोः (póḥ) पानाम् (pā́nām)
    पाम्² (pā́m²)
    locative पि () पोः (póḥ) पासु (pā́su)
    vocative पाः (pā́ḥ) पौ (paú)
    पा¹ (pā́¹)
    पाः (pā́ḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps
    Derived terms
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    Noun

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    पा () stemf

    1. guarding, protecting
    Declension
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    Feminine ā-stem declension of पा
    singular dual plural
    nominative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
    पा¹ (pā¹)
    पाः (pāḥ)
    accusative पाम् (pām) पौ (pau)
    पा¹ (pā¹)
    पाः (pāḥ)
    पः² (paḥ²)
    instrumental पा () पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभिः (pābhiḥ)
    dative पे (pe) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
    ablative पः (paḥ) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
    genitive पः (paḥ) पोः (poḥ) पानाम् (pānām)
    पाम्² (pām²)
    locative पि (pi) पोः (poḥ) पासु (pāsu)
    vocative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
    पा¹ (pā¹)
    पाः (pāḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Perhaps

    References

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    • Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
    • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 112-3
    • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “[1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 377-8

    Etymology 2

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      From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (to drink).

      Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (drinking together); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (beer).

      Root

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      पा ()

      1. to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
      2. (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
      3. to drink up, exhaust, absorb
      4. to drink intoxicating liquors
      Derived terms
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      Primary Verbal Forms
      Secondary Forms
      Non-Finite Forms
      Derived Nominal Forms
      Prefixed Root Forms

      पात्र (pā́tra, bowl, vessel, cup) is often also considered to belong here, but this might not be etymologically accurate.

      Adjective

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      पा () stem

      1. drinking, quaffing, etc.
      Declension
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      Masculine ā-stem declension of पा
      singular dual plural
      nominative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      accusative पाम् (pām) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      पः² (paḥ²)
      instrumental पा () पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभिः (pābhiḥ)
      dative पे (pe) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
      ablative पः (paḥ) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
      genitive पः (paḥ) पोः (poḥ) पानाम् (pānām)
      पाम्² (pām²)
      locative पि (pi) पोः (poḥ) पासु (pāsu)
      vocative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      • ¹Vedic
      • ²Perhaps
      Feminine ā-stem declension of पा
      singular dual plural
      nominative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      accusative पाम् (pām) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      पः² (paḥ²)
      instrumental पा () पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभिः (pābhiḥ)
      dative पे (pe) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
      ablative पः (paḥ) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
      genitive पः (paḥ) पोः (poḥ) पानाम् (pānām)
      पाम्² (pām²)
      locative पि (pi) पोः (poḥ) पासु (pāsu)
      vocative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      • ¹Vedic
      • ²Perhaps
      Neuter ā-stem declension of पा
      singular dual plural
      nominative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      accusative पाम् (pām) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      पः² (paḥ²)
      instrumental पा () पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभिः (pābhiḥ)
      dative पे (pe) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
      ablative पः (paḥ) पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ)
      genitive पः (paḥ) पोः (poḥ) पानाम् (pānām)
      पाम्² (pām²)
      locative पि (pi) पोः (poḥ) पासु (pāsu)
      vocative पाः (pāḥ) पौ (pau)
      पा¹ (pā¹)
      पाः (pāḥ)
      • ¹Vedic
      • ²Perhaps

      References

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      • Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 612, column 3.
      • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
      • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 95
      • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
      • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 113-114
      • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “[2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 378

      Etymology 3

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      Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, to overturn), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, goes). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.

      Root

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      पा ()

      1. to rise against, be hostile
      Derived terms
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      References

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      • Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330, column 2.
      • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
      • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114
      • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “[3]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 378-9