保留

Chinese

		to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee; to maintain; hold or keep; to guard	leave (message); to retain; to stay leave (message); to retain; to stay; to remain; to keep; to preserve
trad. (保留)		保	留
simp. #(保留)		保	留

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎoliú

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² lau⁴

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-liù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pó-liû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bo² liu⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pau-lieu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoliú
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎolióu
    • Wade–Giles: pao³-liu²
    • Yale: bǎu-lyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoliou
    • Palladius: баолю (baolju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bou² lau⁴
    • Yale: bóu làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou² lau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou² leo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-liù
    • Hakka Romanization System: bo` liuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bo³ liu²
    • Sinological IPA: /po³¹ li̯u¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-liû
    • Tâi-lô: pó-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poyliuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bo² liu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó liû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵²⁻³⁵ liu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵pau-lieu
    • MiniDict: pau^去 lieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pau-lieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ liɤ⁴⁴/

Verb

保留 (transitive)

1. to retain; to keep; to preserve; to hold back

   員工保留／员工保留  ―  yuángōng bǎoliú  ―  employee retention

2. to reserve

   保留權利／保留权利  ―  bǎoliú quánlì  ―  to reserve a right

   保留意見／保留意见  ―  bǎoliú yìjiàn  ―  to reserve an opinion (i.e. to have reservations)

   賣肉的師傅毫不保留地講解讓刀飛快起來的磨刀妙招。 [MSC, trad.]
   卖肉的师傅毫不保留地讲解让刀飞快起来的磨刀妙招。 [MSC, simp.]

   Mài ròu de shīfù háobù bǎoliú de jiǎngjiě ràng dāo fēikuài qǐlái de módāo miàozhāo. [Pinyin]

   The butcher explained without reservation how to sharpen a knife.

3. to defer for future discussion
4. to maintain (an original state)

Synonyms

• (to retain):

• 保存 (bǎocún)
• 存留 (cúnliú)

 

Derived terms

• 保留劇目／保留剧目 (bǎoliú jùmù)
• 保留字 (bǎoliúzì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (保留):

• → Japanese: 保(ほ)留(りゅう) (horyū)
• → Korean: 보류(保留) (boryu)
• → Vietnamese: bảo lưu (保留)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
保	留
ほ Grade: 5	りゅう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ほりゅう [hòryúú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ho̞ɾʲɨː]

Noun

保(ほ)留(りゅう) • (horyū) 

1. hold, suspension

Verb

保(ほ)留(りゅう)する • (horyū suru) suru (stem 保(ほ)留(りゅう)し (horyū shi), past 保(ほ)留(りゅう)した (horyū shita))

1. defer, suspend

Conjugation

Conjugation of "保留する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	保留し	ほりゅうし	horyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	保留し	ほりゅうし	horyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	保留する	ほりゅうする	horyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	保留する	ほりゅうする	horyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	保留すれ	ほりゅうすれ	horyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	保留せよ¹ 保留しろ²	ほりゅうせよ¹ ほりゅうしろ²	horyū seyo¹ horyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	保留される	ほりゅうされる	horyū sareru
Causative	保留させる 保留さす	ほりゅうさせる ほりゅうさす	horyū saseru horyū sasu
Potential	保留できる	ほりゅうできる	horyū dekiru
Volitional	保留しよう	ほりゅうしよう	horyū shiyō
Negative	保留しない	ほりゅうしない	horyū shinai
Negative continuative	保留せず	ほりゅうせず	horyū sezu
Formal	保留します	ほりゅうします	horyū shimasu
Perfective	保留した	ほりゅうした	horyū shita
Conjunctive	保留して	ほりゅうして	horyū shite
Hypothetical conditional	保留すれば	ほりゅうすれば	horyū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative