地
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
地 (radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition ⿰土也)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 224, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
- Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
- Unihan data for U+5730
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
地 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 埊 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 地 | |||||
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Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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他 | *l̥ʰaːl |
拖 | *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls |
駞 | *l'aːl |
池 | *l'aːl, *l'al |
灺 | *ljalʔ |
鍦 | *ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals |
虵 | *ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal |
也 | *laːlʔ |
忚 | *hleːl |
髢 | *l'eːls |
杝 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal |
肔 | *l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ |
馳 | *l'al |
阤 | *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ |
施 | *hljal, *hljals |
絁 | *hljal |
葹 | *hljal |
弛 | *hljalʔ |
箷 | *lal |
衪 | *lel, *lalʔ |
暆 | *lel |
迆 | *lal, *lalʔ |
酏 | *lal, *lalʔ |
匜 | *lal, *lalʔ |
迤 | *lalʔ |
扡 | *lalʔ |
崺 | *lalʔ |
貤 | *lals, *ɦljels, *lels |
地 | *l'els |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'els): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
地
- earth
- ground; floor
- land; field (Classifier: 塊/块 c; 笪 c)
- distance; separation
- farmland; field
- (only in compounds) place; location
- (only in compounds) status; situation
- (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”).
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) home
- (Hakka) grave; tomb
- 蛤地站 ― Gédì zhàn ― Gedi station (蛤地 means "frog-shaped tomb")
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 地板, 地面 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 地板, 地面兒 |
Taiwan | 地板 | |
Tianjin | 地板 | |
Tangshan | 地板 | |
Cangzhou | 地板 | |
Baoding | 地板 | |
Shijiazhuang | 地板 | |
Chifeng | 地板 | |
Hailar | 地板 | |
Harbin | 地板 | |
Shenyang | 地板 | |
Qingdao | 地板 | |
Jinan | 地板 | |
Zhengzhou | 地板 | |
Xi'an | 地板, 腳地 | |
Yinchuan | 地板 | |
Lanzhou | 地板 | |
Xining | 地板 | |
Ürümqi | 地板 | |
Wuhan | 地板 | |
Chengdu | 地板 | |
Chongqing | 地板, 樓板 | |
Guiyang | 地板 | |
Kunming | 地板 | |
Guilin | 地板 | |
Liuzhou | 地板 | |
Xuzhou | 地板 | |
Yangzhou | 地板 | |
Nanjing | 地板 | |
Hefei | 地板 | |
Nantong | 地板 | |
Singapore | 地 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 地下, 地 |
Hong Kong | 地下, 地 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 地, 樓板 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 地泥 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 地泥 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 地泥 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 地泥 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 地泥 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 地泥 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 泥下 | |
Huizhou | Shexian | 地板 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 地板 |
Xinzhou | 地板, 地 | |
Linhe | 地板 | |
Jining | 地板 | |
Hohhot | 地板 | |
Zhangjiakou | 地板 | |
Handan | 地板 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 塗跤 |
Quanzhou | 塗跤 | |
Jinjiang | 塗跤 | |
Zhangzhou | 塗跤 | |
Tainan | 塗跤 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 塗跤 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 塗跤 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 塗跤 | |
Chaozhou | 塗下 | |
Jieyang | 塗下, 塗跤下 | |
Haifeng | 塗跤 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 塗下 |
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Possibly the same word as 的, the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars like Lü (1943) and Yuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.
Alternatively, Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + 地 would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
地
- (chiefly Mandarin) Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.
SynonymsEdit
- (Xiang) 里
Usage notesEdit
- The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
- On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without 地.
- However, there is an exception:
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)
simp. and trad. |
地 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 哋 |
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
地
- (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see 哋 (“Cantonese plurality marker”). (This character, 地, is a variant form of 哋.) |
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 土地 (tochi): ground, land
- 地主 (jinushi)
- 地震 (jishin)
- 地上 (chijō)
- 地下 (chika)
- 地位 (chii)
- 地区 (chiku)
- 地域 (chiiki)
- 地学 (chigaku)
- 地底 (chitei)
- 地形 (chikei)
- 地方 (chihō)
- 地点 (chiten)
- 地球 (chikyū)
- 地球 (chikyū)
- 地理 (chiri)
- 地盤 (chiban)
- 地租 (chiso)
- 地表 (chihyō)
- 天地 (tenchi): heaven and earth
- 天変地異 (tenpen chii): turmoil throughout heaven and earth
- 意地悪 (ijiwaru)
- 現在地 (genzaichi): current location, you are here
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
地 |
じ Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin dì.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- earth, dirt
- fabric, cloth
- 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan[1]::
- いくらか薄い地には相違なくっても暑いには極ってる。
- Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
- However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
- いくらか薄い地には相違なくっても暑いには極ってる。
- (game of Go) territory
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
地 |
ち Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern Hakka thi, Min Nan tī.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- earth, land, ground
- a place, a region, a piece of land
- territory, dominion
- (of a crate, etc.) the bottom
SuffixEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
地 |
つち Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[2][1]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- 土 (more common for this reading)
NounEdit
- earth, dirt, mud, soil
- the ground
- the earth (as opposed to the heavens)
- the ground or bottom of something (as of a price range)
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 地 (MC diɪH).
Historical readings |
---|
|
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕi]
- Phonetic hangeul: [지]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 지경 (地境, jigyeong)
- 지계 (地階, jigye)
- 지구 (地區, jigu)
- 지구 (地球, jigu)
- 지대 (地帶, jidae)
- 지도 (地圖, jido)
- 지뢰 (地雷, jiroe)
- 지리 (地理, jiri)
- 지면 (地面, jimyeon)
- 지명 (地名, jimyeong)
- 지반 (地盤, jiban)
- 지방 (地方, jibang)
- 지세 (地勢, jise)
- 지역 (地域, jiyeok)
- 지옥 (地獄, jiok)
- 지위 (地位, jiwi)
- 지점 (地點, jijeom)
- 지조 (地租, jijo)
- 지주 (地主, jiju)
- 지지 (地支, jiji)
- 지지 (地誌, jiji)
- 지진 (地震, jijin)
- 지층 (地層, jicheung)
- 지하 (地下, jiha)
- 지협 (地峽, jihyeop)
- 지형 (地形, jihyeong)
- 고지 (高地, goji)
- 궁지 (窮地, gungji)
- 기지 (基地, giji)
- 단지 (團地, danji)
- 대지 (大地, daeji)
- 대지 (臺地, daeji)
- 묘지 (墓地, myoji)
- 번지 (番地, beonji)
- 부지 (敷地, buji)
- 성지 (聖地, seongji)
- 여지 (餘地, yeoji)
- 영지 (領地, yeongji)
- 오지 (奧地, oji)
- 용지 (用地, yongji)
- 육지 (陸地, yukji)
- 저지 (低地, jeoji)
- 적지 (赤地, jeokji)
- 진지 (陣地, jinji)
- 처지 (處地, cheoji)
- 천지 (天地, cheonji)
- 초지 (草地, choji)
- 토지 (土地, toji)
- 현지 (現地, hyeonji)
- 지구인 (地球人, jigu-in)
- 지도책 (地圖冊, jidochaek)
- 지리학 (地理學, jirihak)
- 지문학 (地文學, jimunhak)
- 지자기 (地磁氣, jijagi)
- 지정학 (地政學, jijeonghak)
- 지중해 (地中海, Jijunghae)
- 지진학 (地震學, jijinhak)
- 지질학 (地質學, jijilhak)
- 지하도 (地下道, jihado)
- 지하실 (地下室, jihasil)
- 지하철 (地下鐵, jihacheol)
- 굴지성 (屈地性, guljiseong)
- 근지점 (近地點, geunjijeom)
- 관광지 (觀光地, gwan-gwangji)
- 목적지 (目的地, mokjeokji)
- 목초지 (牧草地, mokchoji)
- 발상지 (發祥地, balsangji)
- 식민지 (植民地, singminji)
- 유적지 (遺跡地, yujeokji)
- 조차지 (租借地, jochaji)
- 중심지 (中心地, jungsimji)
- 진원지 (震源地, jinwonji)
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
地: Hán Việt readings: địa[1][2][3]
地: Nôm readings: địa[1][2][3][4], đĩa[1][2], gịa[1], đất[2], rịa[3]