地
Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
地 (radical 32 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition ⿰土也)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 224, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
- Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 420, character 12
- Unihan data for U+5730
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
地 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 地
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|---|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'els): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ)
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dei6, deng6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thi
- Min Dong (BUC): dê
- Min Nan (POJ): tē / tōe / tǒe / terē / tī / tè
- Wu (Wiktionary): di (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: tih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dih
- IPA (key): /ti⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dei6, deng6
- Yale: deih, dehng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dei6, deng6
- IPA (key): /tei̯²²/, /tɛːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi
- Hakka Romanization System: ti
- Hagfa Pinyim: ti4
- IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dê
- IPA (key): /tɛi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: terē
- Tâi-lô: terē
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe
- Tâi-lô: tuē
- Phofsit Daibuun: doe
- IPA (Xiamen): /tue²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tue⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tue³³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tè
- Tâi-lô: tè
- Phofsit Daibuun: dex
- IPA (Taipei): /te¹¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /te²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan)
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒe
- Tâi-lô: tuě
- Note: tē/tōe/tǒe/terē, tī - literary; tè - vernacular (possibly substitute for 帶).
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: di (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̻i²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 地 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ti⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ti⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ti⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ti²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ti⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ti³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ti⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ti¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ti¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ti²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ti³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ti¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ti²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ti²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /ti⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ti⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /ti³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /ti⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /di²³/ |
| Suzhou | /di³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /di¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /dei²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /tʰi¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ti⁵⁵/ /ti¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /di²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰi²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰi⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʰi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tei²²/ |
| Nanning | /ti²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tei²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /ti²²/ /te²²/ ～理 /tue²²/ 土～ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /tɛi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ti⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ti³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔdi³⁵/ /ʔdi³³/ /ʔdi²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 地 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 徒四切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/diɪH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/diH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/djɪH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/diH/ |
| Li Rong |
/diH/ |
| Wang Li |
/diH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 地 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dijH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[l]ˤej-s/ |
| English | earth, ground |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 地 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 14808 |
| Phonetic component |
也 |
| Rime group |
歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
地 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l'els/ |
DefinitionsEdit
地
- earth, ground
- land
- distance
- (only in compounds) farmland, field
- (only in compounds) place, location
- (only in compounds) status, situation
- (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (dìqiú, “Earth”).
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄜ˙
- Wade-Giles: tê5
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .de
- IPA (key): /d̥ə/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ˙
- Wade-Giles: tih5
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .di
- IPA (key): /d̥i/
- Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dei6, dei6-2
- Yale: deih, déi
- Cantonese Pinyin: dei6, dei6-2
- IPA (key): /tei̯²²/, /tei̯²²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
DefinitionsEdit
地
Usage notesEdit
- The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
- On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without 地.
Etymology 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see 哋 (“Cantonese plurality marker”). (This character, 地, is a variant form of 哋.) |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 地
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
地
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
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Terms derived from 地
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Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 地 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin dì.
PronunciationEdit
- On'yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) じ [jíꜜ] (Atamadaka - [1])[1]
- (Tokyo) じ [jì] (Heiban - [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑi]
NounEdit
地 (hiragana じ, romaji ji, historical hiragana ぢ)
- earth, dirt
- fabric, cloth
- 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan:
- いくらか薄い地には相違なくっても暑いには極ってる。
- Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
- However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
- いくらか薄い地には相違なくっても暑いには極ってる。
- 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan:
- (game of Go) territory
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 地 |
| ち Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern Hakka thi, Min Nan tī.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- earth, land, ground
- a place, a region, a piece of land
- territory, dominion
- (of a crate, etc.) the bottom
SuffixEdit
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 地 |
| つち Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.[2][1]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- 土 (more common for this reading)
NounEdit
地 (hiragana つち, romaji tsuchi)
- earth, dirt, mud, soil
- the ground
- the earth (as opposed to the heavens)
- the ground or bottom of something (as of a price range)
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
- Sound (hangeul): 지 (McCune-Reischauer: chi)
- Name (hangeul): 땅 (revised: ttang, McCune-Reischauer: ttang, Yale: ttang)
CompoundsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.