君主

Chinese

		monarch; lord; gentleman monarch; lord; gentleman; ruler	to own; to host; master to own; to host; master; lord; primary
simp. and trad. (君主)		君	主

Etymology

Attested earliest in Warring States period's works Han Feizi and Huangdi Neijing

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūnzhǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan¹ zyu²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûn-chú
• Min Nan (POJ): kun-chú
• Wu (Wiktionary): jyn tsr (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūnzhǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyunjhǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chün¹-chu³
    • Yale: jyūn-jǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunjuu
    • Palladius: цзюньчжу (czjunʹčžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwan¹ zyu²
    • Yale: gwān jyú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwan¹ dzy²
    • Guangdong Romanization: guen¹ ju²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡ʃyː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûn-chú
    • Hakka Romanization System: giun´ zu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giun¹ zu³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯un²⁴ t͡su³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun-chú
    • Tâi-lô: kun-tsú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kunzuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kun³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jyn tsr (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʏɲ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

Noun

君主

1. monarch; sovereign; king; ruler

   君主論／君主论  ―  Jūnzhǔ lùn  ―  The Prince (a political treatise by Niccolò Machiavelli)

   • 群臣之太富，君主之敗也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     群臣之太富，君主之败也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version

     Qúnchén zhī tàifù, jūnzhǔ zhī bài yě. [Pinyin]

     The extraordinary wealth of ministers leads to the downfall of the ruler.

   • 心者，君主之官也，神明出焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Huangdi Neijing, 4^th century BCE to 3^rd century CE

     Xīn zhě, jūnzhǔ zhī guān yě, shénmíng chū yān. [Pinyin]

     The heart is the official [/ organ] that acts as ruler and monarch; spirit brilliance originates in it.

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 君主

• 人主 (rénzhǔ) (literary)
• 人君 (rénjūn) (literary)
• 人王 (rénwáng)
• 元首 (yuánshǒu)
• 君上 (jūnshàng) (literary)
• 君父 (jūnfù) (literary)
• 君王 (jūnwáng)
• 天子 (tiānzǐ) (Son of Heaven)
• 官家 (guānjiā) (archaic)

• 帝王 (dìwáng)
• 皇帝 (huángdì)
• 皇辟 (huángbì) (archaic, Son of Heaven)
• 乘輿／乘舆 (chéngyú) (literary, figurative)
• 國君／国君 (guójūn)
• 國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
• 大聖／大圣 (dàshèng) (literary)
• 大駕／大驾 (dàjià)

Derived terms

• 君主制 (jūnzhǔzhì)
• 君主主義／君主主义 (jūnzhǔzhǔyì)

• 君主國／君主国 (jūnzhǔguó)
• 君主立憲制／君主立宪制 (jūnzhǔ lìxiànzhì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (君主):

• → Japanese: 君(くん)主(しゅ) (kunshu)
• → Korean: 군주 (君主, gunju)
• → Vietnamese: quân chủ (君主)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
君	主
くん Grade: 3	しゅ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) く​んしゅ [kúꜜǹshù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃ɕɨᵝ]

• Homophone: 葷酒

Noun

君(くん)主(しゅ) • (kunshu) 

1. (monarchy) a monarch

Derived terms

• 君(くん)主(しゅ)制(せい) (kunshusei)
• 君(くん)主(しゅ)国(こく) (kunshukoku)

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Korean

Hanja in this term
君	主

Noun

君主 • (gunju) (hangeul 군주)

1. Hanja form^? of 군주 (“monarch”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
君	主

Noun

君主

1. chữ Hán form of quân chủ (“monarch”).

Adjective

君主

1. chữ Hán form of quân chủ (“monarchic”).