Wiktionary

太

See also: 大 and 犬
太 U+592A, 太
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592A
← 天
[U+5929] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夫 →
[U+592B]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

太 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大戈 (KI), four-corner 40030, composition ⿵大丶)

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 248, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5834
  • Dae Jaweon: page 505, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 524, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592A

Chinese edit

 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (大) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
馱 *daːl, *daːds
大 *daːds, *daːds
忕 *tʰaːds, *daːds, *djads
太 *tʰaːds
汰 *tʰaːds
汏 *daːds, *tʰaːd
軑 *daːds, *deːds
釱 *daːds, *deːds
达 *tʰeːds
杕 *deːds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːds) : phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big; great”) + semantic 丶 – excessive.

Etymology 1 edit

simp. and trad.
 太
alternative forms 冭

A superlative derivative of 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big”) – be too great, very great, excessive.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Rime
Character 太
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他蓋切
Baxter thajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰajH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		taai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 太
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/
English great

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 太
Reading # 1/1
No. 1937
Phonetic
component 		大
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		泰
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰaːds/
Definitions edit

太

  1. too; so (modifying adjectives; often used with 了 (le) at the end of the sentence for emphasis)
    太熱了！／太热了！  ―  Tài rè le!  ―  It's so hot!
    別吃太多派。／别吃太多派。  ―  Bié chī tài duō pài.  ―  Don't eat too much pie.
  2. (usually in negative sentences) very; quite
    他不太舒服。 [Taiwanese Mandarin]  ―  Tā bù tài shūfú. [Pinyin]  ―  He's not very well.
  3. most; utmost
  4. highest; greatest
  5. senior; noble
  6. Short for 太湖 (Tàihú, “Lake Tai, a lake in Southern Jiangsu, China”).
  7. Short for 太平洋 (Tàipíngyáng, “Pacific Ocean”).
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 太 (“too; excessively”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 太, 過於
Mandarin Beijing 太, 忒
Taiwan 太
Tianjin 太, 忒
Jinan 太, 忒
Wanrong 太
Xi'an 太
Yinchuan 太
Wuhan 太, 忒
Chengdu 太
Guiyang 太
Guilin 太
Xuzhou 忒
Yangzhou 太
Hefei 太
Malaysia 太
Singapore 太
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 太
Cantonese Guangzhou 太, 得滯 >, 過頭 >
Hong Kong 太, 太過, 得滯 >, 過頭 >, 過龍 >
Taishan 得滯 >
Dongguan 得滯 >
Yangjiang 得滯 >
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 太
Singapore (Guangfu) 太
Gan Nanchang 太
Lichuan 太
Pingxiang 太
Hakka Meixian 忒
Dongguan (Qingxi) 太, 過頭 >
Wuhua (Huacheng) 忒
Heyuan (Bendihua) 太
Wengyuan 太
Liannan 太
Jiexi 忒
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 太, 忒
Changting 忒
Wuping 忒
Wuping (Yanqian) 忒
Liancheng 忒
Ninghua 忒
Yudu 太
Ningdu 太, 忒
Tonggu (Sandu) 忒
Ganzhou (Panlong) 太
Dayu 太
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 忒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 忒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 忒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 忒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 忒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 忒
Hong Kong 太, 過頭 >
Yangxi (Tangkou) 太
Yangchun (Sanjia) 太
Xinyi (Sihe) 太
Xinyi (Qianpai) 太
Gaozhou (Xindong) 太
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 太
Huazhou (Xin'an) 忒
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 忒
Lianjiang (Qingping) 太
Mengshan (Xihe) 太
Luchuan 太
Senai (Huiyang) 過頭 >
Kuching (Hepo) 過頭
Huizhou Jixi 太
Jin Taiyuan 太
Northern Min Jian'ou 忒
Jian'ou (Dikou) 忒
Songxi 忒
Zhenghe 忒
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 忒
Jianyang 忒
Wuyishan 忒
Pucheng (Shibei) 忒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 過, 恰
Changle 恰
Lianjiang 恰
Fuqing 恰
Pingtan 恰
Yongtai 恰
Minqing 恰
Gutian 恰
Pingnan 恰
Luoyuan 恰
Fu'an 恰
Ningde 恰
Xiapu 恰
Zherong 恰
Shouning 恰
Zhouning 恰
Fuding 恰
Southern Min Xiamen 傷, 傷過
Xiamen (Tong'an) 傷
Quanzhou 傷, 傷過
Jinjiang 傷, 太
Nan'an 傷
Shishi 傷
Hui'an 傷
Anxi 傷
Yongchun 傷
Dehua 傷
Zhangzhou 傷, 傷過
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 傷
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 傷
Hua'an 傷
Nanjing 傷
Pinghe 傷
Zhangpu 傷
Yunxiao 傷
Zhao'an 傷
Dongshan 傷
Taipei 傷
New Taipei (Sanxia) 傷
Kaohsiung 傷
Yilan 傷
Changhua (Lukang) 傷
Taichung 傷
Tainan 傷
Hsinchu 傷
Kinmen 傷
Penghu (Magong) 傷
Penang (Hokkien) 傷, 太
Singapore (Hokkien) 傷, 傷過, 過, 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 傷, 傷過
Longyan 蓋
Zhangping 傷
Chaozhou 佮
Shantou 佮, 過
Jieyang 佮, 過
Bangkok (Teochew) 佮
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮, 過
Puxian Min Putian 傷
Xianyou 傷
Central Min Yong'an 太
Sanyuan 忒
Shaxian 太
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 太, 過頭 >
Wu Shanghai 忒, 過於, 忒煞, 忒以 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 忒
Suzhou 忒
Hangzhou 忒
Ningbo 忒
Wenzhou 忒
Jinhua 太, 忒
Xiang Changsha 太
Shuangfeng 太, 忒
Note > - after adjective or adverb
See also edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Note:
  • tài - when used as 1-character title;
  • tai - when used after 太.
Note: taai3-2 - “Mrs.” when used on its own.
Definitions edit

太

  1. Short for 太太 (tàitai, “wife; Miss; Mrs”).
    李太 [Cantonese]  ―  lei5 taai3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Mrs. Li
    陳太／陈太 [Cantonese]  ―  can4 taai3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Mrs. Chan

Pronunciation 3 edit

Definitions edit

太

  1. † Only used in 太末.

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

See Korean 太.

Definitions edit

太

  1. (Korean Classical Chinese) soybean
    Synonym: 大豆 (dàdòu)

Etymology 3 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 太 – see 泰 (“big; large; great; extensive; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 泰).
Notes:

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

太

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (adjective): fat

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

太(ふと) • (futo) 

  1. fatness
  2. a fat person, a fatty
  3. fat-necked shamisen
  4. thick thread
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Prefix edit

太(ふと) • (futo-) 

  1. added to words describing gods or the emperor or other exalted subjects to denote greatness or excellence
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 17, poem 4031:
      ; text here
      奈加等美乃 敷刀能里⟨等其⟩等 伊比波良倍 安⟨賀⟩布伊能知毛 多我多米尓奈礼
      中臣の 太祝詞言 言ひ祓へ 贖ふ命も 誰がために汝れ
      なかとみの ふとのりとごと いひはらへ あかふいのちも たがためになれ
      Nakatomi no / futonoritogoto / iiharae / akau inochi mo / ta ga tame ni nare
      Reciting the Nakatomi's excellent ritual offering, whose [long] life was prayed for? Yours.
  2. added to regular nouns to denote fatness or thickness
    太(ふと)腿(もも)、太(ふと)箸(ばし)
    futo-momo, futo-bashi
    the thigh (the thick part of the leg), fat chopsticks (used at New Years)
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Etymology 2 edit

The Old Japanese 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal (sentence-final) form”) of adjective 太い (futoi, “fat, thick, big”).[2]

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟̊ᵝto̞ɕi]

Proper noun edit

太(ふとし) • (Futoshi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 3 edit

Derived from the root word 大 (ō, “great, big”).

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

太(おお) • (Ō) ←おほ (ofo)?

  1. a surname

Etymology 4 edit

From Middle Chinese 太 (thajH). Compare modern Mandarin 太 (tài).

Pronunciation edit

Prefix edit

太(たい) • (tai-) 

  1. big, fat, great
Usage notes edit
  • Only found in compounds.
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Etymology 5 edit

From a colloquial form of 太 in Middle Chinese. Compare the similar corruption in Mandarin 大 (dà).

Pronunciation edit

Prefix edit

太(た) • (ta-) 

  1. big, fat, great
Usage notes edit

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms edit
Derived terms

References edit

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource


Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 太 (MC thajH). The "pollock" sense is supposedly from the surname, after a fisherman.

Hanja edit

太 (eumhun 클 태 (keul tae))

  1. Hanja form? of 태 (“large; great; big; excessive”). [affix]
  2. Hanja form? of 태. [surname]
  3. Hanja form? of 태 (“pollock”). [affix]

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 2 edit

A Korean graphic abbreviation of Chinese 大豆 (dàdòu, “soybean”, literally “big bean”), perhaps attested as early as the eighth century.

Presumably, it was originally used as a logogram for the native Korean word 코ᇰ (Yale: khwòng, “soybean”), without a Sino-Korean reading of its own. At some point—perhaps after the logogramic representation of native Korean words declined following the invention of the Hangul alphabet in the 1400s—it became conflated with the visually identical character 太 (“large; great”) and now shares its Sino-Korean reading, 태 (tae).

Hanja edit

太 (eumhun 콩 태 (kong tae))

  1. Hanja form? of 태 (“soybean”). [affix]

Compounds edit

Compounds

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

太: Hán Nôm readings: Thái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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