怨恨

ChineseEdit

		blame; complain	to hate; regret
trad. (怨恨)		怨	恨
simp. ^#(怨恨)		怨	恨

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuànhèn

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun³ han⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yen-hen / yan-hen
Min Nan (POJ): oàn-hūn / oàn-hīn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuànhèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuànhèn
  - Wade–Giles: yüan⁴-hên⁴
  - Yale: ywàn-hèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuannhenn
  - Palladius: юаньхэнь (juanʹxɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun³ han⁶
  - Yale: yun hahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn³ han⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun³ hen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn³³ hɐn²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen-hen
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien hen
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan⁴ hen⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵ hen⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan-hen
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian hen
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan⁴ hen⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵ hen⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn-hūn
  - Tâi-lô: uàn-hūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oarnhun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uan²¹⁻⁵³ hun²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²¹⁻⁴¹ hun³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uan¹¹⁻⁵³ hun³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn-hīn
  - Tâi-lô: uàn-hīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oarnhin
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan²¹⁻⁵³ hin²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²¹⁻⁴¹ hin³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uan¹¹⁻⁵³ hin³³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔʉɐn^H ɦən^H/

Rime
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	於願切	胡艮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn^H/	/ɦən^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn^H/	/ɦən^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan^H/	/ɦən^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuàn	hèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun³	han⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]o[r]-s [m-q]ˤə[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qons ɡɯːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuàn	hèn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwon^H ›	‹ hon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/	/*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/
English	resentment	regret
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	16305	3938
Phonetic component	夗	艮
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	怨	恨
Old Chinese	/*qons/	/*ɡɯːns/