暹

暹 U+66B9, 暹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66B9 ← 暸 [U+66B8] CJK Unified Ideographs 暺 → [U+66BA]

Translingual

Han character

暹 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜日人土 (YAOG), four-corner 3630₁, composition ⿺辶⿱日隹)

Derived characters

• 𭀌, 𭶤, 𧔷, 𲌣

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14150
• Dae Jaweon: page 869, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3882, character 6
• Unihan data for U+66B9

Chinese

trad.		暹
simp. #		暹

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 進 (“to advance”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiān (xian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cim³, cim¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): siàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xiam¹ / xiam²

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siam / siâm / siām

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siam⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sian
    • Wade–Giles: hsien¹
    • Yale: syān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cim³, cim¹
    • Yale: chim, chīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsim³, tsim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qim³, qim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiamˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiam²
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯am¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xiam¹ / xiam²
    • Sinological IPA: /siam⁴⁴/, /siam¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siam
    • Tâi-lô: siam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siafm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siam³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâm
    • Tâi-lô: siâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaam
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /siam²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siām
    • Tâi-lô: siām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siam
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siam²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siam⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sjem

Rime
Character	暹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息廉切
Baxter	sjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siam/
Li Rong	/siɛm/
Wang Li	/sĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sem/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暹
Reading #	1/1
No.	13473
Phonetic component	暹
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	銛
Old Chinese	/*sem/

Definitions

暹

1. ^† (of the sun) to rise
2. (historical) the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya; later short for 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó, “Siam”).

   • 國中語言，自成音聲，雖近而占城、暹人，皆不通話説。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     国中语言，自成音声，虽近而占城、暹人，皆不通话说。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), translation by Peter Harris

     Guózhōng yǔyán, zì chéng yīnshēng, suī jìn ér Zhànchéng, Xiān rén, jiē bùtōng huàshuō. [Pinyin]

     The country's language consists of sounds that are its own, and despite being nearby, neither the Chams nor the Siamese can make themselves understood.

Compounds

• 暹京 (Xiānjīng)
• 暹國／暹国
• 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó)
• 暹羅灣／暹罗湾 (Xiānluówān)
• 暹羅貓／暹罗猫 (xiānluómāo)
• 暹耽

 

Japanese

Kanji

暹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): せん (sen)
• Kun: すすむ (susumu)
• Nanori: すすむ (susumu); のぼる (noboru)

Korean

Hanja

暹 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

暹: Hán Nôm readings: Xiêm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.