暹羅

See also: 暹罗

Chinese

		Siam	to collect; to gather; to catch to collect; to gather; to catch; to shift; gauze
trad. (暹羅)		暹	羅
simp. (暹罗)		暹	罗
alternative forms		暹邏／暹逻

Etymology

Short for 暹羅斛／暹罗斛 (as recorded in the History of Ming), which was a combined name for two states in modern-day Thailand:

• 暹 (Xiān) is derived from 暹 (MC sjem), referring to the kingdom of Siam, likely the kingdom of Suvarnabhumi; and
• 羅斛／罗斛, the kingdom of Lavo (now called Lopburi).

The two kingdoms merged in the mid-14^th century to become the Ayutthaya Kingdom, and the combined Chinese name 暹羅 remained in use to refer to subsequent Thai kingdoms.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Xiānluó

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cim³ lo^4-2 / cim³ lo⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tiam¹ lo^3*

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Siàm-lò
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Siam-lô / Siām-lô

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siam⁵ lo⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Xiānluó
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sianluó
    • Wade–Giles: Hsien¹-lo²
    • Yale: Syān-lwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shianluo
    • Palladius: Сяньло (Sjanʹlo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cim³ lo^4-2 / cim³ lo⁴
    • Yale: chim ló / chim lòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsim³ lo^4-2 / tsim³ lo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qim³ lo^4-2 / qim³ lo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/, /t͡sʰiːm³³ lɔː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: tiam¹ lo^3*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiam³³ lᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Siàm-lò
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiamˇ loˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiam² lo²
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯am¹¹ lo¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siam-lô
    • Tâi-lô: Siam-lô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siamlooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /siam⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, Singapore, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siām-lô
    • Tâi-lô: Siām-lô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaxmlooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /siam²²⁻²¹ lo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siam³³⁻²¹ lɤ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siam³³⁻¹¹ lo²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siam⁵ lo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siâm lô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵/

Proper noun

暹羅

1. (historical) Siam (old name for Thailand)

   • 並且日本還想佔領菲律賓、暹羅、越南、馬來半島和荷屬東印度，把外國和中國切開，獨佔西南太平洋。 [MSC, trad.]
     并且日本还想占领菲律宾、暹罗、越南、马来半岛和荷属东印度，把外国和中国切开，独占西南太平洋。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1938, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論持久戰》 (On Protracted War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Bìngqiě Rìběn hái xiǎng zhànlǐng Fēilǜbīn, Xiānluó, Yuènán, Mǎlái Bàndǎo hé Héshǔ Dōng Yìndù, bǎ wàiguó hé Zhōngguó qiēkāi, dúzhàn xīnán Tàipíngyáng. [Pinyin]

     Moreover, Japan wants to occupy the Philippines, Siam, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula and the Dutch East Indies in order to cut off other countries from China and monopolize the southwestern Pacific.

Usage notes

Still used by some ethnic Chinese in Thailand to refer to modern-day Thailand.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 泰國 (“Thailand”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		泰國
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	泰國
	Malaysia	泰國
	Singapore	泰國
Southwestern Mandarin	Dagudi (Maliba)	泰國
	Reshuitang (Longling)	泰國
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	泰國
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	泰國
Cantonese	Guangzhou	泰國
	Hong Kong	泰國
	Singapore (Guangfu)	泰國
	Mandalay (Taishan)	泰國
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	暹羅
	Betong (Rongxian)	泰國
Hakka	Meixian	泰國
	Jiexi	泰國
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	暹羅
Southern Min	Xiamen	泰國
	Quanzhou	泰國
	Zhangzhou	泰國
	Penang (Hokkien)	暹地, 泰國
	Singapore (Hokkien)	泰國
	Chaozhou	泰國
	Bangkok (Teochew)	暹羅
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	暹羅
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	泰國
	Wenchang	泰國

Derived terms

• 暹羅人／暹罗人 (Xiānluórén)
• 暹羅灣／暹罗湾 (Xiānluówān)
• 暹羅貓／暹罗猫 (xiānluómāo)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (暹羅):

• → Korean: 섬라(暹羅) (Seomna)
• → Vietnamese: Xiêm La (暹羅)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
暹	羅
Hyōgaiji	Grade: S
irregular

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠mɯ̟ᵝ]

Proper noun

暹羅(しゃむ) or 暹羅(シャム) • (Shamu) 

1. Obsolete spelling of シャム (“Siam”).
   • 1903, 巖谷小波, 洋行土產, volume 2, 博文館, page 271:

     此(この)間(あひだ)日(に)本(ほん)へも御(ご)來(らい)遊(いう)のあつた、暹羅(シヤム)の皇(くわう)太(たい)子(し)殿(でん)下(か)が、伯林(ベルリン)市(し)を見(み)舞(ま)はれたのは、たしか去(きよ)年(ねん)の五(ご)月(ぐわつ)頃(ごろ)であつた。

     Kono aida Nihon e mo go-raiyū no atta, Shamu no kōtaishi-denka ga, Berurin-shi o mimawareta no wa, tashika kyonen no go-gatsu-goro de atta.

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   • 1916, 來馬琢道, 南國順禮記, 平和書院, page 2:

     而(しか)して、最(もつと)も尊(そん)敬(けい)すべき釋(しやく)尊(そん)の御(お)舍(しや)利(り)は、世(せ)界(かい)唯(ゆゐ)一(いつ)の佛(ぶつ)敎(けう)國(こく)たる暹羅(しやむ)國(こく)の皇(くわう)帝(てい)陛(へい)下(か)へ寄(き)贈(そう)されたのである

     shikashite, mottomo sonkei-su-beki shakuson no o-shari wa, sekai yuiitsu no bukkyō-koku-taru Shamu-koku no kōtei-heika e kisō-sareta no de aru

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
暹	羅
しゃむ Hyōgaiji	ろ Grade: S
irregular

Ateji (当て字), from Chinese 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠mɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]

Proper noun

暹(しゃむ)羅(ろ) or 暹羅(シャムロ) • (Shamuro) 

1. (history) Synonym of シャム (Shamu, “Siam”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
暹	羅

Proper noun

暹羅

1. chữ Hán form of Xiêm La (“Siam”).