橘

See also: 桔

橘 U+6A58, 橘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A58 ← 橗 [U+6A57] CJK Unified Ideographs 橙 → [U+6A59]

Translingual

Han character

橘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓竹月 (DNHB), four-corner 4792₇, composition ⿰木矞)

Derived characters

• 𮒬

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15551
• Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6A58

Chinese

trad.		橘
simp. #		橘
2nd round simp.		桔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 橘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (矞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
瞲	*qʰʷilʔ, *qʰʷids, *qʰʷiːd
璚	*ɡʷeŋ
劀	*kʷriːd, *kʷreːd
鱊	*kʷriːd, *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
譎	*kʷiːd
潏	*kʷiːd, *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
鐍	*kʷiːd
憰	*kʷiːd
噊	*ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
驈	*ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
橘	*kʷid
繘	*kʷid, *ɢʷid
獝	*qʰʷid
燏	*ɢʷid
遹	*ɢʷid
鷸	*ɢʷid
矞	*ɢʷid
霱	*ɢʷid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷid) : semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid).

Etymology

Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jú (ju²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kit
• Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat / kit
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷cioq; ⁷ciuq / ⁷ciuq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jú
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
    • Wade–Giles: chü²
    • Yale: jyú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
    • Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwat¹
    • Yale: gwāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gued¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kit
    • Hakka Romanization System: gid`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kit̚²/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jyeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat
    • Tâi-lô: kiat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiad
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kit
    • Tâi-lô: kit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kid
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kit̚³²/

Note: kiat/kit - vernacular (俗), 桔 is used in Taiwan.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷cioq; ⁷ciuq
    • MiniDict: cioh^入; ciuih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jioq; ⁴jyq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕioʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷ciuq
    • MiniDict: ciuih^入
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jy⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 橘
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕy³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiu²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕy²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kit̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kwɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kut̚³²/ /kiat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kik̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kit̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjwit

Rime
Character	橘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	術 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居聿切
Baxter	kjwit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwit̚/
Li Rong	/kiuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/kĭuĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.k]ʷi[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	橘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jú
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwit ›
Old Chinese	/*[s.k]ʷi[t]/
English	orange (tangerine?)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橘
Reading #	1/1
No.	16015
Phonetic component	矞
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	橘
Old Chinese	/*kʷid/

Definitions

橘

1. mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange

Usage notes

See 桔.

Compounds

• 千頭橘奴／千头橘奴
• 南橘北枳 (nánjúběizhǐ)
• 懷橘／怀橘
• 柑橘 (gānjú)
• 橘井
• 橘化為枳／橘化为枳
• 橘奴
• 橘子 (júzi)
• 橘柑
• 橘河
• 橘皮 (júpí)
• 橘紅／橘红 (júhóng)
• 橘絡／橘络 (júluò)
• 橘色 (júsè)
• 橘酒
• 橘頌／橘颂 (Júsòng)
• 橘餅／橘饼
• 橘黃／橘黄 (júhuáng)
• 福橘
• 蔓越橘 (mànyuèjú)
• 蜜橘
• 越橘 (yuèjú)
• 金橘 (jīnjú)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (橘):

• → Japanese: 橘(きつ) (kitsu)
• → Korean: 귤(橘) (gyul)
• → Vietnamese: quất (橘)

→ Vietnamese: quít

References

• “橘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

橘

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: きち (kichi)
• Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
• Kun: たちばな (tachibana, 橘)

Compounds

Compounds

• 橘(き)皮(がわ) (kigawa, peel of the tachibana fruit)
• 橘中(きっちゅう) (kitchū)
• 温州(うんしゅう)橘(きつ) (Unshūkitsu, Citrus unshiu)
• 柑(かんき)橘(つ) (kankitsu)
  • 柑橘(かんきつ)類(るい) (kankitsu-rui, citrus fruits as a whole)
• 月(ゲッ)橘(キツ) (gekkitsu, “orange jessamine”, Murraya paniculata)
• 香(こう)橘(きつ) (kōkitsu)
• 四季(シキ)橘(キツ) (shikikitsu, “calamondin”, Citrus × microcarpa)
• 臭(しゅう)橘(きつ) (shūkitsu, trifoliate orange)
• 盧(ろ)橘(きつ) (rokitsu)
• 金橘(キンカン) (kinkan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
橘
たちばな Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 橘 (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.

A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (hana, “flower”).

Shortened to tachi for some compounds.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たちばな [tàchíꜜbànà] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠t͡ɕiba̠na̠]

Noun

橘(たちばな) or 橘(タチバナ) • (tachibana) 

1. Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan

   Synonym: 大和橘 (Yamato tachibana)

   Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)

2. Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata
3. Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”)
4. (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw
5. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タチバナ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 橘(たちばな)を (tachibana o, pillow word)
• 橘(たちばな)神道(しんとう) (Tachibana Shintō)
• 橘(たちばな)寺(でら) (Tachibana-dera)
• 橘(たちばな)鳥(どり) (tachibanadori, “lesser cuckoo”)
• 橘(タチバナ)擬(モドキ) (tachibanamodoki, Pyracantha angustifolia)
• 橘(たちばな)屋(や) (Tachibana-ya)
• 橘(たちばな)焼(やき), 橘(たちばな)焼(や)き (tachibana-yaki)
• 橘(たちばな)湾(わん) (Tachibana-wan)
• 右近(うこん)の橘(たちばな) (Ukon no Tachibana), 御(み)階(はし)の橘(たちばな) (Mihashi no Tachibana)
• 弟橘(おとたちばな)媛(ひめ) (Ototachibana-hime), 橘(たちばな)媛(ひめ) (Tachibana-hime)
• 枸橘(カラタチ) (karatachi, “trifoliate orange”, Citrus trifoliata)
• 唐(カラ)橘(タチバナ) (kara-tachibana)
• 草(クサ)橘(タチバナ) (kusa-tachibana)
• 御(ゴ)前(ゼン)橘(タチバナ) (Gozen tachibana)
• 酢(ス)橘(ダチ) (sudachi, “sudachi”, Citrus sudachi)
• 大明(タイミン)橘(タチバナ) (Taimin-tachibana, “Myrsine neriifolia”)
• 花(はな)橘(たちばな) (hanatachibana)
• 姫(ひめ)橘(たちばな) (hime-tachibana)
• 山(やま)橘(たちばな) (yama-tachibana)
• 大和(やまと)橘(たちばな) (Yamato tachibana)

Idioms

• 江南(こうなん)の橘(たちばな)江(こう)北(ほく)の枳(からたち)となる (Kōnan no tachibana Kōhoku no karatachi to naru)

Proper noun

橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana) 

1. short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
2. (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )

   Hypernym: 桜 (Sakura)

3. (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers
4. (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
5. a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located
6. a surname

Derived terms

• 橘(たちばな)神道(しんとう) (Tachibana Shintō)
• 橘(たちばな)寺(でら) (Tachibana-dera)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
橘
きつ Jinmeiyō
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 橘 (MC kjwit).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʲit͡sɨ]

Affix

橘(きつ) • (kitsu) 

1. Citrus tachibana
2. the Tachibana clan

Derived terms

• 橘家(きっけ)神道(しんとう) (Kikke Shintō)
• 源平藤橘(げんぺいとうきつ) (Genpeitōkitsu, the four major clans in the Nara period: Minamoto, Taira, Fujiwara and Tachibana)

Proper noun

橘(きつ) • (Kitsu) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Korean

Hanja

橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))

1. hanja form^? of 귤 (“tangerine”)

Old Japanese

Etymology

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.

A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tati, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (pana, “flower”).

Noun

橘 (tatibana) (kana たちばな)

1. any raw edible citrus fruit
2. Citrus tachibana, a species of green citrus fruit

Derived terms

• 橘を (tatibana wo, pillow word)
• 弟橘媛 (Oto₂tatibana-pi₁me₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 橘 (tachibana)

Proper noun

橘 (Tatibana) (kana たちばな)

1. a powerful clan descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe

Descendants

• Japanese: 橘 (Tachibana)

Vietnamese

Han character

橘: Hán Nôm readings: quất, quít, quầng, quắt

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