Wiktionary

橘

See also: 桔
橘 U+6A58, 橘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A58
← 橗
[U+6A57] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 橙 →
[U+6A59]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

橘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓竹月 (DNHB), four-corner 47927, composition ⿰木矞)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15551
  • Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6A58

Chinese edit

trad. 橘
simp. # 橘
2nd round simp. 桔

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 橘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (矞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瞲 *qʰʷilʔ, *qʰʷids, *qʰʷiːd
璚 *ɡʷeŋ
劀 *kʷriːd, *kʷreːd
鱊 *kʷriːd, *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
譎 *kʷiːd
潏 *kʷiːd, *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
鐍 *kʷiːd
憰 *kʷiːd
噊 *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
驈 *ɢʷjid, *ɢʷid
橘 *kʷid
繘 *kʷid, *ɢʷid
獝 *qʰʷid
燏 *ɢʷid
遹 *ɢʷid
鷸 *ɢʷid
矞 *ɢʷid
霱 *ɢʷid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷid): semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid).

Etymology edit

Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.

Pronunciation edit

Note: kiat/kit - vernacular (俗), 桔 is used in Taiwan.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 橘
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕy²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕy¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kut̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xi²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kik̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 橘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 諄 (52)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居聿切
Baxter kjwit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiuɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjuet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwit̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiuĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭuĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯uĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ju
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 橘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjwit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s.k]ʷi[t]/
English orange (tangerine?)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 橘
Reading # 1/1
No. 16015
Phonetic
component 		矞
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		橘
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷid/

Definitions edit

橘

  1. mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange

Usage notes edit

See 桔.

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (橘):
  • → Japanese: 橘(きつ) (kitsu)
  • → Korean: 귤(橘) (gyul)
  • → Vietnamese: quất (橘)
  • → Vietnamese: quít

    • References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    橘

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    橘
    たちばな
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    From Old Japanese 橘 (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]

    A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (hana, “flower”).

    Shortened to tachi for some compounds.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    橘(たちばな) • (tachibana) 

    1. Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan
      Synonym: 大和橘 (Yamato tachibana)
      Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)
    2. Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata
    3. Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”)
    4. (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw
    5. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves
    Usage notes edit
    • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タチバナ.
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms
    Idioms edit

    Proper noun edit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana) 

    1. short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
    2. (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see   Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
      Hypernym: 桜 (Sakura)
    3. (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers
    4. (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see   Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
    5. a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located
    6. a surname
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    橘
    きつ
    Jinmeiyō
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 橘 (MC kjwit).

    Pronunciation edit

    Affix edit

    橘(きつ) • (kitsu) 

    1. Citrus tachibana
    2. the Tachibana clan
    Derived terms edit

    Proper noun edit

    橘(きつ) • (Kitsu) 

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))

    1. Hanja form? of 귤 (“tangerine”).

    Old Japanese edit

    Etymology edit

    First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]

    A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tati, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatu, “to stand”)) +‎ 花 (pana, “flower”).

    Noun edit

    橘 (tatibana) (kana たちばな)

    1. any raw edible citrus fruit
    2. Citrus tachibana, a species of green citrus fruit

    Derived terms edit

    Descendants edit

    • Japanese: 橘 (tachibana)

    Proper noun edit

    橘 (Tatibana) (kana たちばな)

    1. a powerful clan descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe

    Descendants edit

    • Japanese: 橘 (Tachibana)

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    橘: Hán Nôm readings: quất, quít, quầng, quắt

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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