See also:
U+6A58, 橘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A58

[U+6A57]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6A59]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 75, +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓竹月 (DNHB), four-corner 47927, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15551
  • Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6A58

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʷid) : semantic + phonetic (OC *ɢʷid).

Etymology

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Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, tangerine) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, citrus) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.

Pronunciation

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Note: kiat/kit - vernacular (俗), 桔 is used in Taiwan.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕy²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕy¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kut̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xi²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (52)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjwit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kiuɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʷit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kjuet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwit̚/
Li
Rong
/kiuĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭuĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ki̯uĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ju
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwat1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjwit ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s.k]ʷi[t]/
English orange (tangerine?)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16015
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷid/

Definitions

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  1. mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange

Usage notes

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See .

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (きつ) (kitsu)
  • Korean: 귤(橘) (gyul)
  • Vietnamese: quất ()
  • Vietnamese: quít
  • References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Jinmeiyō kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: きち (kichi)
    • Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
    • Kun: たちばな (tachibana, )

    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    たちばな
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    From Old Japanese (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, Emperor Suinin, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]

    A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, standing, from verb 立つ (tatsu, to stand)) +‎ (hana, flower).

    Shortened to tachi for some compounds.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (たちばな) or (タチバナ) (tachibana

    1. Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan
      Synonym: 大和橘 (Yamato tachibana)
      Hypernym: 蜜柑 (mikan)
    2. Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata
    3. Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, color combination by layering of garments)
    4. (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw
    5. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves
    Usage notes
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    Derived terms
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    Idioms
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    Proper noun

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    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    (たちばな) (Tachibana

    1. short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
    2. (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see   Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
      Hypernym: (Sakura)
    3. (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers
    4. (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see   Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
    5. a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located
    6. a surname
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    きつ
    Jinmeiyō
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese (MC kjwit).

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    (きつ) (kitsu

    1. Citrus tachibana
    2. the Tachibana clan
    Derived terms
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    Proper noun

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    (きつ) (Kitsu

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 귤나무 (gyullamu gyul))

    1. hanja form? of (tangerine)

    Old Japanese

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    Etymology

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    First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, Emperor Suinin, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]

    A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tati, standing, from verb 立つ (tatu, to stand)) +‎ (pana, flower).

    Noun

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    (tatibana) (kana たちばな)

    1. any raw edible citrus fruit
    2. Citrus tachibana, a species of green citrus fruit

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Japanese: (tachibana)

    Proper noun

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    (Tatibana) (kana たちばな)

    1. a powerful clan descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe

    Descendants

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    • Japanese: (Tachibana)

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: quất, quít, quầng, quắt

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.