松
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
松 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 48932, composition ⿰木公)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 514, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
- Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1173, character 5
- Unihan data for U+677E
Chinese edit
Glyph origin edit
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
慃 | *qroːŋʔ |
袞 | *kluːnʔ |
蔉 | *kluːnʔ |
滾 | *kluːnʔ |
忩 | *sʰloːŋ |
鬆 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ |
凇 | *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
公 | *kloːŋ |
蚣 | *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ |
翁 | *qloːŋ |
螉 | *qloːŋ |
蓊 | *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ |
嗡 | *qloːŋ |
滃 | *qloːŋʔ |
暡 | *qloːŋʔ |
勜 | *qloːŋʔ |
塕 | *qloːŋʔ |
瓮 | *qloːŋs |
崧 | *sqʰluŋ |
菘 | *sqʰluŋ |
硹 | *sqʰluŋ |
淞 | *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ |
蜙 | *sqʰloŋ |
倯 | *sqʰloŋ |
松 | *sɢloŋ |
訟 | *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs |
頌 | *sɢloŋs, *loŋ |
忪 | *kljoŋ |
彸 | *kljoŋ |
衳 | *kljoŋ |
伀 | *kljoŋ |
妐 | *kljoŋ |
炂 | *kljoŋ |
鈆 | *kljoŋ, *lon |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sɢloŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).
Etymology 1 edit
trad. | 松 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 松 | |
alternative forms | 枩 柗 梥 ancient 枀 |
Miyake (1997), apud Schuessler (2007), associated 松 (OC *sɢloŋ) with Old Japanese 杉 (sugi2, “cryptomeria”); superficially similar to Thai สน (sǒn, “pine”).
The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is sóng. The sound change to the yinping (陰平/阴平) pronunciation in Mandarin dialects is to avoid homophony with the word 㞞/𪨊 (sóng, “semen”).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
松
- pine tree
- 淇水滺滺、檜楫松舟。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Qíshuǐ yóuyóu, guìjí sōngzhōu. [Pinyin]
- The waters of the Qi flow smoothly; there are the oars of juniper and boats of pine.
淇水滺滺、桧楫松舟。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname, 216th in the Baijiaxing
Compounds edit
- 丁固生松
- 三葉松/三叶松
- 亞松森/亚松森 (yàsōngsēn)
- 偃松
- 喬松/乔松
- 喬松之壽/乔松之寿
- 大夫松
- 姬松茸 (jīsōngróng)
- 巴拉松
- 平地松林
- 指水盟松
- 松丘
- 松仁 (sōngrén)
- 松仁兒/松仁儿
- 松北 (Sōngběi)
- 松喬/松乔
- 松喬之壽/松乔之寿
- 松基 (Sōngjī)
- 松子 (sōngzǐ)
- 松安 (Sōng'ān)
- 松山 (Sōngshān)
- 松嶺/松岭
- 松明 (sōngmíng)
- 松木 (sōngmù)
- 松木坪 (Sōngmùpíng)
- 松材線蟲/松材线虫 (sōngcáixiànchóng)
- 松果 (sōngguǒ)
- 松林 (sōnglín)
- 松果體/松果体 (sōngguǒtǐ)
- 松柏 (sōngbǎi)
- 松柏之堅/松柏之坚
- 松柏之壽/松柏之寿
- 松柏之茂
- 松柏園/松柏园
- 松柏後凋/松柏后凋
- 松柏節操/松柏节操
- 松柏長青/松柏长青
- 松樹/松树 (sōngshù)
- 松樹灣/松树湾 (Sōngshùwān)
- 松毛
- 松毛蟲/松毛虫 (sōngmáochóng)
- 松江 (Sōngjiāng)
- 松浦 (Sōngpǔ)
- 松滋 (Sōngzī)
- 松漠
- 松濤/松涛 (sōngtāo)
- 松煤
- 松煙/松烟 (sōngyān)
- 松煙墨/松烟墨 (sōngyānmò)
- 松球 (sōngqiú)
- 松球魚/松球鱼
- 松瓤
- 松皮癬/松皮癣
- 松祥 (Sōngxiáng)
- 松竹
- 松筠之操
- 松筠之節/松筠之节
- 松節油/松节油 (sōngjiéyóu)
- 松篁交翠
- 松紋/松纹
- 松脂 (sōngzhī)
- 松脂石
- 松花 (sōnghuā)
- 松花江 (Sōnghuā Jiāng)
- 松花硯/松花砚
- 松花紙/松花纸
- 松花餅/松花饼
- 松茸 (sōngróng)
- 松葉牡丹/松叶牡丹
- 松葉蕨/松叶蕨
- 松蕊
- 松蕈 (sōngxùn)
- 松藻蟲/松藻虫
- 松蘿/松萝 (sōngluó)
- 松蘿共倚/松萝共倚
- 松遼平原/松辽平原
- 松都 (Sōngdū)
- 松針/松针 (sōngzhēn)
- 松雞/松鸡
- 松露 (sōnglù)
- 松風/松风
- 松風水月/松风水月
- 松風流/松风流
- 松香 (sōngxiāng)
- 松香油
- 松鶴/松鹤
- 松鶴延年/松鹤延年
- 松鼠 (sōngshǔ)
- 歲寒松柏/岁寒松柏
- 油松
- 海松
- 瓦松 (wǎsōng)
- 白松
- 白果松
- 白皮松 (báipísōng)
- 白骨松
- 盤松/盘松
- 矇松雨/蒙松雨
- 石松
- 石枯松老
- 萬松/万松 (Wànsōng)
- 竹苞松茂 (zhúbāosōngmào)
- 綠松石/绿松石 (lǜsōngshí)
- 羅漢松/罗汉松 (luóhànsōng)
- 茂松
- 落葉松/落叶松 (luòyèsōng)
- 虎皮松
- 蛇皮松
- 蟠龍松/蟠龙松
- 赤松 (chìsōng)
- 赤松子
- 風入松/风入松
- 餐松啖柏
- 餐松食柏
- 餐松飲澗/餐松饮涧
- 馬尾松/马尾松 (mǎwěisōng)
- 馬拉松/马拉松 (mǎlāsōng)
- 馬鬣松/马鬣松
- 魚鱗松/鱼鳞松
- 鳥松/鸟松 (Niǎosōng)
- 鶴骨松姿/鹤骨松姿
- 黑松
Etymology 2 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 松 – see 鬆 (“disheveled; unkempt; loose; etc.”). (This character, 松, is the simplified form of 鬆.) |
Notes:
|
References edit
- “松”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Shinjitai | 松 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
松󠄁 松+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
松󠄃 松+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: じゅ (ju)←じゆ (zyu, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しよう (syou, historical)
- Kun: まつ (matsu, 松, Jōyō)←まつ (matu, 松, historical)
- Nanori: おお (ō); しょ (sho); ときわ (tokiwa)←ときは (tokifa, historical); ま (ma); ます (masu); まち (machi); まっ (ma')
Alternative forms edit
Compounds edit
- 松衣 (shōi)
- 松陰, 松蔭 (shōin)
- 松筠 (shōin)
- 松韻 (shōin)
- 松雨 (shōu)
- 松雲 (shōun)
- 松影 (shōei)
- 松液 (shōeki)
- 松煙 (shōen)
- 松下 (shōka)
- 松火 (shōka)
- 松柯 (shōka)
- 松檟 (shōka)
- 松鶴 (shōkaku)
- 松間 (shōkan)
- 松巌 (shōgan)
- 松菊 (shōkiku)
- 松毬 (shōkyū)
- 松炬 (shōkyo)
- 松魚 (shōgyo)
- 松嶠 (shōkyō)
- 松狗 (shōku)
- 松径 (shōkei)
- 松契 (shōkei)
- 松扃 (shōkei)
- 松軒 (shōken)
- 松骨 (shōkotsu)
- 松根 (shōkon)
- 松釵 (shōsai)
- 松子 (shōshi): pinecone
- 松脂 (shōshi): pine resin
- 松樹 (shōju)
- 松楸 (shōshū)
- 松梢 (shōshō)
- 松心 (shōshin)
- 松針 (shōshin)
- 松蕈 (shōjin)
- 松翠 (shōsui)
- 松声 (shōsei)
- 松石 (shōseki)
- 松雪 (shōsetsu)
- 松鼠 (shōso)
- 松窓 (shōsō)
- 松亭 (shōtei)
- 松濤 (shōtō)
- 松煤 (shōbai)
- 松柏 (shōhaku)
- 松風 (shōfū)
- 松棚 (shōhō)
- 松明 (shōmei)
- 松門 (shōmon)
- 松蘿 (shōra)
- 松籟 (shōrai)
- 松陵 (shōryō)
- 松林 (shōrin)
- 松露 (shōro)
- 松醪 (shōrō)
- 白松 (shiromatsu)
- 松明 (taimatsu)
- 松浦 (Matsūra)
- 松江 (Matsue)
- 松風 (matsukaze)
- 松皮 (matsukawa)
- 松阪 (Matsusaka)
- 松崎 (Matsuzaki)
- 松桜 (matsuzakura)
- 松島 (Matsushima)
- 松代 (Matsushiro)
- 松脂 (matsuyani): pine resin
- 倚松
- 雲松 (unshō)
- 簷松
- 哦松 (gashō)
- 門松 (kadomatsu)
- 寒松 (kanshō)
- 危松
- 旧松
- 喬松 (kyōshō)
- 暁松
- 勁松 (keishō)
- 孤松 (koshō)
- 枯松 (koshō)
- 小松 (komatsu)
- 小松 (Komatsu)
- 杉松
- 深松
- 青松 (seishō)
- 石松
- 高松 (Takamatsu)
- 聴松 (chōshō)
- 低松
- 貞松 (teishō)
- 盤松 (banshō)
- 風松
- 碧松 (hekishō)
- 暮松
- 茂松
- 瘦松 (yasematsu)
- 老松
- 若松 (wakamatsu)
- 若松 (Wakamatsu)
Etymology edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
松 |
まつ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 and the Man'yōshū of 759.[4][5] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *matu.
Various theories exist regarding it's ultimate origin:[4]
- Might be a shift from 保つ (tamotsu, “to hold”). However, the accent of 保つ (tamotsu) in the Heian period is
HHL
, while 松 (matsu) isLH
. It can be better derived from 持つ (motsu, “to hold, to carry”), which hasLF
accent in the Heian period. - Might be from 待つ (matsu, “to wait”), either from the way that a pine tree must wait for leaves to fall to grow new ones, or from the way that it lasts ten thousand years and preserves it's color. The accent of 待つ (matsu) is
LF
. - Possibly derived from 全く (mataku, “entirely”), from 全い (matai, “complete”), because it spends it's time in the snow for winter. However, the classical term 全し (matasi) is
HHF
in the Heian period. - From 睫毛 (matsuge, “eyelashes”), since their leaves represent such. However, it requires deletion of the -ge, and matsuge is certainly from 目 (ma-, “eye”).
- From 真常木 (matonoki, “true eternal tree”), as the pine tree is an evergreen tree.
- From a place name 松のむらたち (MATSU no muratachi), as opposed to muratatsu.
- From 芽厚 (meatsu, literally “bud (that feels) hot”).
- From 纏わる (matsuwaru, “get wrapped around”), as the leaves are around the trunk.
- From 真 (ma-, “true”) + つ (tsu, abbreviation of 約まる (tsuzumaru, “to shrink”)).
- From 間千 (machi, literally “space (of) thousands”).
- A shift from 股 (mata, “crouch”), as the pine tree leaves split into two.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- a pine tree
- a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
- the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system
Coordinate terms edit
Proper noun edit
- a surname
References edit
- ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “松”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
- ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1112 (paper), page 607 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 669 (paper), page 347 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “まつ 【松】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) [2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN
- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), →ISBN, page 681
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja edit
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
松: Hán Nôm readings: tùng, thông, tòng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Zhuang edit
Numeral edit
松