Wiktionary

松

See also: 鬆
松 U+677E, 松
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-677E
← 杽
[U+677D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 板 →
[U+677F]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

松 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 48932, composition ⿰木公)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 514, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
  • Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1173, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+677E

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慃 *qroːŋʔ
袞 *kluːnʔ
蔉 *kluːnʔ
滾 *kluːnʔ
忩 *sʰloːŋ
鬆 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ
凇 *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
公 *kloːŋ
蚣 *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ
翁 *qloːŋ
螉 *qloːŋ
蓊 *qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ
嗡 *qloːŋ
滃 *qloːŋʔ
暡 *qloːŋʔ
勜 *qloːŋʔ
塕 *qloːŋʔ
瓮 *qloːŋs
崧 *sqʰluŋ
菘 *sqʰluŋ
硹 *sqʰluŋ
淞 *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
蜙 *sqʰloŋ
倯 *sqʰloŋ
松 *sɢloŋ
訟 *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs
頌 *sɢloŋs, *loŋ
忪 *kljoŋ
彸 *kljoŋ
衳 *kljoŋ
伀 *kljoŋ
妐 *kljoŋ
炂 *kljoŋ
鈆 *kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢloŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).

Etymology 1 edit

trad. 松
simp. # 松
alternative forms 枩
柗
梥 ancient
枀
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 松 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 松 (Cantonese)

Miyake (1997), apud Schuessler (2007), associated 松 (OC *sɢloŋ) with Old Japanese 杉 (sugi2, “cryptomeria”); superficially similar to Thai สน (sǒn, “pine”).

The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is sóng. The sound change to the yinping (陰平／阴平) pronunciation in Mandarin dialects is to avoid homophony with the word 㞞／𪨊 (sóng, “semen”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • chêng/chhêng - vernacular (chêng is more common in Xiamen and Quanzhou);
  • siông - literary.
Note:
  • sêng5 - vernacular;
  • song5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 松 (松樹)
    Mandarin Beijing /suŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /suŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕyŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /səŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /syuŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /suŋ²¹/
    Xining /suə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /sũn³¹/
    Ürümqi /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /soŋ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /soŋ³¹/
    Hefei /səŋ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /suəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /suŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /sũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /soŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /soŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /soŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /jyɔ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /soŋ³³/
    /t͡soŋ¹³/
    Xiangtan /sən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/ ～毛
    /suŋ⁴²/ ～香
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiuŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /suŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰoŋ²¹/
    Nanning /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siɔŋ³⁵/
    /t͡siŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /syŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sœyŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /soŋ⁵⁵/
    /seŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /toŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 松
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 祥容切
    Baxter zjowng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/zɨoŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/zioŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/zioŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zuawŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/zioŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭwoŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯woŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		cung4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 松
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sōng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjowng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sə.ɢoŋ/
    English pine (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 松
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4115
    Phonetic
    component         		公
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		松
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sɢloŋ/

    Definitions edit

    松

    1. pine tree
    2. a surname, 216th in the Baijiaxing

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 松 – see 鬆 (“disheveled; unkempt; loose; etc.”).
    (This character, 松, is the simplified form of 鬆.)
    Notes:

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai 松  
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3]
    松󠄁
    松+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)         		 
    松󠄃
    松+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji edit

    松

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Alternative forms edit

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    松
    まつ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 and the Man'yōshū of 759.[4][5] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *matu.

    Various theories exist regarding it's ultimate origin:[4]

    • Might be a shift from 保つ (tamotsu, “to hold”). However, the accent of 保つ (tamotsu) in the Heian period is HHL, while 松 (matsu) is LH. It can be better derived from 持つ (motsu, “to hold, to carry”), which has LF accent in the Heian period.
    • Might be from 待つ (matsu, “to wait”), either from the way that a pine tree must wait for leaves to fall to grow new ones, or from the way that it lasts ten thousand years and preserves it's color. The accent of 待つ (matsu) is LF.
    • Possibly derived from 全く (mataku, “entirely”), from 全い (matai, “complete”), because it spends it's time in the snow for winter. However, the classical term 全し (matasi) is HHF in the Heian period.
    • From 睫毛 (matsuge, “eyelashes”), since their leaves represent such. However, it requires deletion of the -ge, and matsuge is certainly from 目 (ma-, “eye”).
    • From 真常木 (matonoki, “true eternal tree”), as the pine tree is an evergreen tree.
    • From a place name 松のむらたち (MATSU no muratachi), as opposed to muratatsu.
    • From 芽厚 (meatsu, literally “bud (that feels) hot”).
    • From 纏わる (matsuwaru, “get wrapped around”), as the leaves are around the trunk.
    • From 真 (ma-, “true”) + つ (tsu, abbreviation of 約まる (tsuzumaru, “to shrink”)).
    • From 間千 (machi, literally “space (of) thousands”).
    • A shift from 股 (mata, “crouch”), as the pine tree leaves split into two.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    松(まつ) • (matsu) ←まつ (matu)?

    1. a pine tree
    2. a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
    3. the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system

    Coordinate terms edit

    Proper noun edit

    松(まつ) • (Matsu) 

    1. a surname

    References edit

    1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “松”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1112 (paper), page 607 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    3. ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 669 (paper), page 347 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “まつ 【松】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN
    5. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), →ISBN, page 681
    6. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    7. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    8. ^ 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    松 (eumhun 소나무 송 (sonamu song))

    1. pine

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    松: Hán Nôm readings: tùng, thông, tòng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Zhuang edit

    Numeral edit

    松

    1. Sawndip form of song
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