湧

See also: 涌

湧	U+6E67, 湧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E67

← 湦
[U+6E66]

CJK Unified Ideographs

湨 →
[U+6E68]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

湧 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水弓月尸 (ENBS), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵勇)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 638, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17862
Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1691, character 5
Unihan data for U+6E67

Chinese edit

trad.		湧/涌^*
simp.		涌^*
alternative forms		悀愑

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǒng (yong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung², jung⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): éng / ióng

(Teochew, Peng'im): iong³ / êng²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ion

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
  - Wade–Giles: yung³
  - Yale: yǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jung², jung⁵
  - Yale: yúng, yúhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung², jung⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung², yung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/, /jʊŋ¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iung`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
  - Tâi-lô: íng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eang
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
  - Tâi-lô: ióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/

Note:

éng - vernacular;
ióng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: iong³ / êng²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng / éng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ²¹³/, /eŋ⁵²/

Note: êng2 - dialectal usage, “wave” (in 大湧, 風湧).

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ion
  - MiniDict: ion^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: yowngX

Rime
Character	湧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余隴切
Baxter	yowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ioŋ^X/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁵

Definitions edit

湧

(of water) to spring up from below
to rush out like water; to gush
一大群人湧了出來 [MSC, trad.]
一大群人涌了出来 [MSC, simp.]
yī dà qún rén yǒng le chūlái [Pinyin]
a crowd of people gushed out
(Southern Min) wave
海湧／海涌 [Hokkien] ― hái-éng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― sea wave

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 浪 (“wave”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瀾, 浪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		浪
Mandarin	Taiwan	浪
	Luoyang	浪頭
	Yinchuan	浪
	Chengdu	浪子
	Singapore	浪
Cantonese	Hong Kong	浪
Gan	Nanchang	浪
Huizhou	Jixi	浪頭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	浪
Southern Min	Xiamen	湧
	Quanzhou	湧
	Zhangzhou	湧
	Tainan	湧
	Jieyang	湧
	Leizhou	湧
	Haikou	湧
Wu	Shanghai	浪頭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	浪頭
	Ningbo	浪頭, 浪

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	湧
Kyūjitai ^[1]	湧󠄂 湧+`󠄂`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji edit

湧

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

(of water) to spring up from below
Synonym: 涌

Readings edit

Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
Kan-on: よう (yō)
Kun: わく (waku, 湧く, Jōyō); わかす (wakasu, 湧かす); わき (waki, 湧き)
Nanori: わか (waka); わき (waki); わく (waku)

References edit

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1311 (paper), page 706 (digital)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

湧 (eum 용 (yong))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

湧: Hán Nôm readings: rụng, dộng, dũng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1311 (paper), page 706 (digital)

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