余
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Translingual edit
| Japanese | 余 余 余 |
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| Simplified | 余 余 馀 |
| Traditional | 余 餘 餘 |
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Han character edit
余 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一木 (OMD), four-corner 80904, composition ⿱亼朩)
Derived characters edit
- 俆 凃 唋 徐 悇 捈 梌 涂 狳 㻌 畭 硢 稌 䋡 䍱 艅 蜍 賖 䟻 酴 除 䩣 餘(馀) 駼(𬳿) 鮽 鵌(𱉸) 䞮 途 敍 敘(叙) 斜 䣄 雓 䳜(𫛬) 庩 筡 荼 峹 嵞 悆 畬
- 𡌘 𡝐 𡷣 𤙛 𤬀 𥚤 𥺌 𧧶 𨌎 𠄜 𫒟 𪊸 𪑏 𪝃 𢧅 𣁏 𤫿 𠐸 𠑝 𤶠 𨴩 𡨀 𡸂 𥥸 𡌆 𢚒 𣥳 𦛝 𠎳 𠕨 𫀟
- 𭴯 𬡛 𭫧 𭭳 𮀉 𬹡 𭣒
Related characters edit
- 餘 (Traditional form of 余)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 515
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 128, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F59
Usage notes edit
- This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 佘.
- Note that 余 is also the simplified form of 餘 in mainland China and Japan. However, in traditional Chinese, 余 and 餘 are two distinct characters.
Chinese edit
Glyph origin edit
| Historical forms of the character 余 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Pictogram (象形) – thatched cottage; house. Original form of 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs, “house”).
Etymology 1 edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 餘 (“to remain; to have left; time after an event; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 餘). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 2 edit
| simp. and trad. |
余 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠎳 | |
- “I; me”
- Related to 予 (OC *la, “I”), 台 (OC *lɯ, “I”) and 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ, “my; I”), forming the *l- series of first-person Old Chinese personal pronouns. This series is commonly used by Shang Dynasty kings to refer to themselves.
- In contrast, Old Chinese also had the *ŋ- series of first-person pronouns, represented by 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) and 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː, “I”), which became more widely used over time.
- Further etymology is obscure (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
余
Synonyms edit
- (I):
Compounds edit
Etymology 3 edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 佘. (This character is a variant form of 佘). |
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
余
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
余
- Only used in 余吾.
Etymology 6 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
余
- Only used in 褒余.
Etymology 7 edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 豫 (“big elephant”). (This character is a variant form of 豫). |
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
- a personal pronoun
Readings edit
Kanji edit
| 余 | |
| 餘 |
Glyph origin edit
Simplified from 餘 (elimination of 𩙿).
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 餘)
Readings edit
- Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
- Kun: あまる (amaru, 余る, Jōyō); あます (amasu, 余す, Jōyō); あまり (amari, 余り)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 余 |
| よ Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 餘 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 餘 (MC yo).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of
- 1950, 坂口安吾, 肝臓先生[1], 青空文庫:
- 遠洋へ漁にでると、一ヶ月、マグロなら二ヶ月の余も、海の上で暮すのである。
- En'yō e ryō ni deru to, ikkagetsu, maguro nara nikagetsu no yo mo, umi no ue de kurasu no de aru.
- When they go out to the open sea to fish, they live on the sea for one month, more than two months if fishing for tuna.
- 遠洋へ漁にでると、一ヶ月、マグロなら二ヶ月の余も、海の上で暮すのである。
- other
- remainder
Suffix edit
- over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of
- 1889, 福澤諭吉, 福翁自伝[2], 青空文庫:
- その時私は鉄砲洲に住て居て、鉄砲洲から小石川まで頓て二里余もありましょう
- sono toki watashi wa Teppōzu ni sumatte ite, Teppōzu kara Koishikawa made yagate niri-yo mo arimashō
- I was living in Teppōzu then, and there is likely around two plus ri from Teppōzu to Koishikawa
- その時私は鉄砲洲に住て居て、鉄砲洲から小石川まで頓て二里余もありましょう
- 1926, 南部修太郎, 寫眞と思ひ出 ――私の写真修行――[3], 青空文庫:
- しかし、いろ／＼合せて、もう千余枚を數へる印畫のアルバムを時折繰眺めるのは、樂く愉快である。
- Shikashi, iroiro awasete, mō sen-yomai o kazoeru inga no arubamu o tokiori kuri nagameru no wa, tanoshiku yukai de aru.
- However, it is fun and delightful to flip through and gaze at my album of prints from time to time, which now number more than one thousand altogether.
- しかし、いろ／＼合せて、もう千余枚を數へる印畫のアルバムを時折繰眺めるのは、樂く愉快である。
Etymology 2 edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 余 |
| よ Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 予 |
From Middle Chinese 余 (MC yo).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
- I, me (first-person pronoun)
- 1909, Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
- Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
- I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
- 1909, Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
Korean edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [여]
Hanja edit
余 (eum 여 (yeo))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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