瀾

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

瀾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 水日弓田 (EANW), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵闌)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 661, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18722
Dae Jaweon: page 1071, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1790, character 9
Unihan data for U+703E

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 瀾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

Etymology 1Edit

trad.		瀾
simp.		澜
2nd round simp.		㳕
alternative forms		灡／𬉠

浪 (làng, “wave”) may be a colloquial variant. Phonetically too distant to be related to Thai คลื่น (klʉ̂ʉn, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lán (lan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laan⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lân

(Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lán
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lán
  - Wade–Giles: lan²
  - Yale: lán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: laan⁴
  - Yale: làahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân
  - Tâi-lô: lân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³le
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /le̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɑn/

Rime
Character	瀾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	落干切
Baxter	lan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lan/
Li Rong	/lɑn/
Wang Li	/lɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤanʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瀾
Reading #	1/1
Middle Chinese	‹ lan^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁanʔ/
English	water in which rice has been washed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瀾
Reading #	1/2
No.	6122
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蘭
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːn/

DefinitionsEdit

瀾

wave; billow
ripple
to surge; to swell
^† Alternative form of 灡／𬉠 (lán, “water from washed rice”).

CompoundsEdit

力挽狂瀾／力挽狂澜 (lìwǎnkuánglán)
安瀾／安澜 (ānlán)
層瀾／层澜
平地波瀾／平地波澜
推波助瀾／推波助澜 (tuībōzhùlán)
文瀾閣／文澜阁

歷瀾／历澜
汍瀾／汍澜 (wánlán)
波瀾／波澜 (bōlán)
波瀾壯闊／波澜壮阔 (bōlánzhuàngkuò)
波瀾老成／波澜老成
潘瀾／潘澜

瀾汗／澜汗
瀾滄江／澜沧江 (Láncāng Jiāng)
瀾翻／澜翻
狂瀾／狂澜 (kuánglán)
米瀾／米澜
蒸漚歷瀾／蒸沤历澜

Etymology 2Edit

trad.		瀾
simp.		澜
2nd round simp.		㳕

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): làn (lan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laan⁶
Min Nan (POJ): lān / lǎn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làn
  - Wade–Giles: lan⁴
  - Yale: làn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: laan⁶
  - Yale: laahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān
  - Tâi-lô: lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lan²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǎn
  - Tâi-lô: lǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lan²²/

Middle Chinese: /lɑnH/

Rime
Character	瀾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	郎旰切
Baxter	lanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lan^H/
Li Rong	/lɑn^H/
Wang Li	/lɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laan⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瀾
Reading #	2/2
No.	6132
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	爛
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːns/

DefinitionsEdit

瀾

Used in 瀾漫／澜漫 and 瀾汗／澜汗.

CompoundsEdit

瀾汗／澜汗

瀾漫／澜漫

瀾賤／澜贱

Etymology 3Edit

trad.		瀾
simp.		澜
alternative forms		涎灠／𰜐漤潾㘓／𪢌

A dialectal variant of 涎 (OC *ljan, “saliva”) in the South (Schuessler, 2007; Xu and Iwata, 2014).

PronunciationEdit

Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lân

(Meixian, Guangdong): lan¹
Min Bei (KCR): luìng
Min Dong (BUC): lāng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): nōa / nǒa

(Teochew, Peng'im): nua⁶

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lân
  - Hakka Romanization System: lan´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /lan²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /lan⁴⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: luìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /luiŋ⁴²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃aŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa
  - Tâi-lô: nuā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: noa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /nuã²²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /nua²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /nuã³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǒa
  - Tâi-lô: nuǎ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nuã²²/
  - IPA (Lukang, Jinjiang): /nuã³³/
  - IPA (Philippines): /nua³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nua⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nuă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nua³⁵/

DefinitionsEdit

瀾

(chiefly Hakka, Min, Southern Wu) saliva

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 口水 (“saliva; drool”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		涎, 唾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		唾液, 口涎, 口水
Mandarin	Beijing	哈喇子
	Taiwan	口水
	Tianjin	哈喇子
	Ulanhot	哈喇子
	Tongliao	哈喇子
	Chifeng	唾沫
	Bayanhot	涎水, 口水
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	哈喇子
	Harbin	口水, 哈喇子
	Shenyang	吃水, 哈喇子
	Yantai (Muping)	痴水, 痴水痘兒
	Jinan	吃拉拉, 咧涎, 涎線, 哈喇子
	Wanrong	涎水
	Zhengzhou	嘴水
	Xi'an	涎水
	Yinchuan	涎水
	Lanzhou	涎水
	Xining	涎水
	Ürümqi	涎水, 哈喇子
	Wuhan	涎, 涎水
	Chengdu	口水, 憨口水, 清口水
	Chongqing	口水
	Guiyang	口水
	Kunming	口水
	Guilin	口水
	Liuzhou	口水, 口漦 dated
	Xuzhou	口水, 口婁水
	Yangzhou	口水
	Nanjing	口水
	Hefei	口水
	Nantong	涎, 唾沫
	Singapore	口水
Cantonese	Guangzhou	口水
	Hong Kong	口水
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	口水
	Macau	口水
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	口水
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	口水
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	口水
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	口水
	Foshan	口水
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	口水
	Foshan (Shunde)	口水
	Foshan (Sanshui)	口水
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	口水
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	口瀾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	口瀾
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	口水
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	口水
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	口水
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	口水
	Taishan	口水
	Kaiping (Chikan)	口水
	Enping (Niujiang)	口水
	Heshan (Yayao)	口水泡
	Dongguan	口水
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	口水
	Shaoguan	口水
	Yunfu	口水
	Yangjiang	口水
	Xinyi	口水
	Lianjiang	口水
	Nanning	口水
	Wuzhou	口水
	Yulin	涎水
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	涎水, 口水
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	口水
	Singapore (Guangfu)	口水
	Yangon (Taishan)	口水
	Mandalay (Taishan)	口水
Gan	Nanchang	涎
	Lichuan	口瀾
	Pingxiang	饞水
Hakka	Meixian	口瀾, 口瀾水, 口水
	Xingning	口瀾
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	口水
	Huidong (Daling)	口水
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	口水
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	口水
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	口水
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	口水
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	口水
	Wengyuan	口水
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	口瀾
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	口水
	Liannan	口水
	Conghua (Lütian)	口水
	Jiexi	口瀾
	Luhe	口水
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	嘴瀾水
	Changting	口瀾
	Wuping	口瀾
	Wuping (Yanqian)	喉瀾
	Wuping (Pingyu)	口瀾
	Liancheng	口瀾
	Ninghua	口瀾
	Yudu	喉瀾水
	Ningdu	口瀾水
	Ruijin	夫瀾水, 夫瀾
	Shicheng	口瀾
	Shangyou (Shexi)	口瀾
	Tonggu (Sandu)	口水
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	口水
	Dayu	口水
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	口水, 口瀾, 口瀾水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	口瀾, 口瀾水
	Hong Kong	口水
	Mengshan (Xihe)	口水
	Luchuan	口水
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	口水
	Sabah (Longchuan)	口水
	Senai (Huiyang)	口水
	Singkawang	口水
Huizhou	Jixi	口涎, 口水
Jin	Taiyuan	涎水, 唾沫, 吐沫
	Xinzhou	涎水
	Taibus (Baochang)	涎水
	Linhe	涎水
	Jining	涎水
	Hohhot	涎拉子
	Baotou	涎水
	Dongsheng	涎水
	Haibowan	涎水
Min Bei	Jian'ou	瀾, 瀾水
Min Bei	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	唾
Min Dong	Fuzhou	瀾
	Changle	瀾
	Fuqing	瀾
	Yongtai	瀾
	Gutian	瀾
	Fu'an	瀾
	Ningde	瀾
	Shouning	瀾
	Zhouning	瀾
	Fuding	瀾
Min Nan	Xiamen	瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	瀾
	Quanzhou	瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
	Zhangzhou	瀾, 喙瀾, 津液
	Zhao'an	瀾
	Taipei	瀾, 喙瀾
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	喙瀾
	Kaohsiung	瀾, 喙瀾
	Yilan	瀾, 喙瀾
	Changhua (Lukang)	瀾
	Taichung	瀾, 喙瀾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	喙瀾
	Tainan	瀾, 喙瀾
	Taitung	喙瀾
	Hsinchu	瀾, 喙瀾
	Kinmen	瀾
	Penghu (Magong)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Penang (Hokkien)	瀾
	Singapore (Hokkien)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Longyan	喙瀾
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	瀾水
	Chaozhou	瀾
	Shantou	瀾
	Jieyang	瀾
	Haifeng	瀾
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	瀾
	Singapore (Teochew)	瀾
	Leizhou	瀾
	Wenchang	瀾
	Haikou	瀾, 瀾水
	Qionghai	瀾
	Singapore (Hainanese)	瀾
Puxian Min	Putian	瀾
Puxian Min	Xianyou	瀾
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	呲嘴瀾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	涎
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	口水
Wu	Shanghai	饞唾, 饞唾水
	Shanghai (Chongming)	饞唾水
	Suzhou	饞唾, 饞唾水
	Danyang	痰吐, 涎吐, 饞吐
	Hangzhou	饞唾, 饞唾水兒
	Ningbo	饞唾水, 饞茶水, 瀾唾水
	Wenzhou	口瀾水, 饞瀾, 瀾
	Jinhua	口唾水
Xiang	Changsha	饞
	Xiangtan	痰水子
	Loudi	口水, 饞
	Shuangfeng	口水, 饞
	Quanzhou	口水