洛

洛	U+6D1B, 洛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D1B

洛	U+F915, 洛 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F915

← 樂
[U+F914]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

烙 →
[U+F916]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

洛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水竹水口 (EHER), four-corner 3716₄, composition ⿰氵各)

Derived characters edit

落, 𠸪, 𰁟, 𪮔, 𪳅, 𫃶, 𪃕, 𥯛, 𮢤, 𮦣

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17383
Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1614, character 4
Unihan data for U+6D1B

Unihan data for U+F915

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		洛

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 洛
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	ɡ·raːɡ, klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
挌	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	klaːɡ, kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	ɡlaːɡ, mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): luò (luo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): no²
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok³, lok⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): loh⁶
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): log⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): luah⁴
Northern Min (KCR): lò̤
Eastern Min (BUC): lŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k / lo̍h

(Teochew, Peng'im): log⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸loq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lo⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luò
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luò
  - Wade–Giles: lo⁴
  - Yale: lwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
  - Palladius: ло (lo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: no²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /no²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok³, lok⁶
  - Yale: lok, lohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁸, lok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: log³, log⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚³/, /lɔːk̚²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: loh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: log⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: luah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /luaʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔ⁴²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍h
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loih
  - IPA (Xiamen): /loʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /loʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /loʔ¹²¹/

Note:

lo̍k - literary;
lo̍h - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: log⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /lok̚⁴/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁸loq
  - MiniDict: loh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵loq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lo²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 洛
Mandarin	Beijing	/luo⁵¹/
	Harbin	/luo⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/luə²¹/
	Qingdao	/luə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/luo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/luo²¹/
	Xining	/lu⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/luə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/luə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/luɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/no³¹/
	Guiyang	/no²¹/
	Kunming	/lo³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/luɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/lʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/loʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/loʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/loʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/lɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/lo⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lo²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/no²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lok̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/lɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/lɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lɔk̚⁵/ /loʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/louʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lɔ⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: lak

Rime
Character	洛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧各切
Baxter	lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3866
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	落
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡ/

Definitions edit

洛

(～水, ～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Yellow River.
(～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Wei River.
Luoyang
a surname
(Mainland China) Used in the phonetic transcription of /lɒ/, /lɔː/, and /loʊ/ into Chinese characters

Compounds edit

京洛
伊洛
伍洛 (Wǔluò)
努庫阿洛法／努库阿洛法 (Nǔkù'āluòfǎ)
商洛 (Shāngluò)
宋洛 (Sòngluò)
巫山洛浦
愛洛娜／爱洛娜
捷克斯洛伐克 (Jiékèsīluòfákè)
摩洛哥 (Móluògē)
果洛 (Guǒluò)
東洛／东洛 (Dōngluò)
河圖洛書／河图洛书
河洛 (Héluò)
洛下 (Luòxià)
洛京
洛伊盆地
洛伯
洛南 (Luònán, “Luonan”)
洛可可 (luòkěkě)
洛學／洛学
洛寧／洛宁 (Luòníng)
洛巴
洛書／洛书
洛杉磯／洛杉矶 (Luòshānjī)
洛林 (Luòlín)
洛東江／洛东江 (Luòdōngjiāng)
洛桑 (Luòsāng)
洛桑公約／洛桑公约
洛桑會議／洛桑会议
洛梅
洛次
洛水 (Luò Shuǐ)
洛河北 (Luòhéběi)
洛浦 (Luòpǔ)
洛浦宓妃
洛神 (luòshén)
洛神葵 (luòshénkuí)
洛神賦／洛神赋
洛閩之學／洛闽之学
洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng)
洛陽才子／洛阳才子
洛陽橋／洛阳桥
洛陽紙貴／洛阳纸贵 (luòyángzhǐguì)
洛黨／洛党
海洛因 (hǎiluòyīn)
濂洛關閩／濂洛关闽
特洛伊城
瞻彼洛矣
西洛可風／西洛可风
費洛蒙／费洛蒙 (fèiluòméng)
麟洛 (Línluò)

References edit

“洛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

洛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Go-on: らく (raku)
Kan-on: らく (raku)
Kun: みやこ (miyako, 洛); つらなる (tsuranaru, 洛なる); まとう (matō)

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
洛
らく Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 洛 (MC lak), originally referring to 洛陽(らくよう) (Rakuyō, “Luoyang”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Affix edit

洛(らく) • (raku) ^{←らく (raku)^?}

(literary) capital city
Synonym: 京 (kyō)
(especially) Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan)
Synonym: 京 (kyō)

上洛(じょうらく) (jōraku)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

洛 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

洛: Hán Nôm readings: rặc, chua, lạc, lặng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.