See also:
U+9EA5, 麥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EA5

[U+9EA4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9EA6]
U+2FC6, ⿆
KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT

[U+2FC5]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FC7]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 199, +0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人弓戈 (JONI), four-corner 40207, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #199, .

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1512, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47717
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2041, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4600, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9EA5

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *mrɯːɡ): phonetic (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic (foot; to walk slowly). was the original character for “wheat”. Several possible interpretations:

  • This character originally meant “to come”. Because the simpler was commonly used for this (borrowed) sense, its original meaning (“wheat”) switched with .
  • represents the ancient concept that wheat came from the heavens.
  • represents growth of the wheat plant.

Etymology edit

Etymologically unrelated to (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (buckwheat) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, buckwheat); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (buckwheat). STEDT compares (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (buckwheat) (provisional).

Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (barley), Middle Korean (milh, wheat), Old Japanese (mugi1, wheat; barley).

Pronunciation edit


Note: maak6 - variant.
Note:
  • măk - vernacular;
  • mĕk - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • be̍h/be̍eh - vernacular (including surname);
    • be̍k/bia̍k - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /mai⁵¹/
    Harbin /mai⁵³/
    Tianjin /mai⁵³/
    Jinan /mei²¹/
    Qingdao /me⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /mɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /mei²¹/
    Xining /mɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /mia¹³/
    /mɛ¹³/
    Lanzhou /mə¹³/
    Ürümqi /mai²¹³/
    /mei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /mɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /me³¹/
    Guiyang /mɛ²¹/
    Kunming /mə³¹/
    Nanjing /məʔ⁵/
    Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /mai⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /miʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /miaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /maʔ¹/
    Suzhou /mɑʔ³/
    Hangzhou /mɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ma²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /mɛ²²/
    Tunxi /ma¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /mə²⁴/
    Xiangtan /mai²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /mɑʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /mak̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /mɑk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mɐk̚²/
    Nanning /mɐk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /mɐk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bik̚⁵/
    /beʔ⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /maʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ma⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /beʔ⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /vɛ³³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (119)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter meak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mˠɛk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /mᵚæk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /mɐk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /məɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /mɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /mæk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /mæk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    mak6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    mài
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ mɛk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*m-rˁək/ (dialect: *m-rˁ > *mˁr-)
    English wheat

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7630
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mrɯːɡ/

    Definitions edit

    1. general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc.
    2. (specifically) wheat
    3. (Hainanese) corn; maize
    4. Short for 麥克風麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”).
    5. Short for 麥克斯韋麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi).
    6. a surname

    Synonyms edit

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (ばく) (baku)
    • Korean: 맥(麥) (maek)
    • Vietnamese: mạch ()

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji edit

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. wheat

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 보리 (bori maek))

    1. wheat; barley

    Compounds edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: mạch

    1. barley

    Derived terms edit