-ine

See also: ine, Ine, iné, and ìne

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English -ine, from Old French -ine, from Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. More at -en.

Pronunciation

• (depending on the word taking the suffix) IPA^(key): /-aɪn/, /-iːn/, /-ɪn~-ən/

Suffix

-ine

1. (chiefly non-productive) Of or pertaining to.

   asinine, marine, bovine, cervine

2. Used to form demonyms.

   Levantine, Byzantine, Argentine, Florentine

4. (chemistry) Used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements.

   amine, aniline, caffeine, iodine

5. (non-productive) Used to form feminine nouns.

   ‎hero + ‎-ine → ‎heroine

   ‎speaker + ‎-ine → ‎speakerine

6. (non-productive) Used to form female given names or names of titles.

   ‎Clement + ‎-ine → ‎Clementine

   ‎landgrave + ‎-ine → ‎landgravine

7. Commercial materials

   ‎glass + ‎-ine → ‎glassine

Usage notes

While multiple pronunciations are given above for this suffix, they are not freely interchangeable; instead, each word taking the suffix often only takes one or two of the suffix's possible pronunciations. For example, feminine is almost always pronounced with /-ɪn/, while marine is almost always pronounced with /-iːn/. However, more technical terms (such as iodine, which can take any of the suffix's three possible pronunciations) may not have an established pronunciation, though in feminine names (Maxine) and chemical use (theobromine), the pronunciation /-iːn/ is the most frequent, while in other technical formations (bovine) /-aɪn/ is common.

Synonyms

• (feminine affix): -a, -ess, -ette, -ress, -rix, she-

Antonyms

• (feminine affix): he-

Derived terms

English words suffixed with -ine

Related terms

• -in

Translations

used to form names of chemical substances

• Catalan: -ina (ca) f
• Galician: -ina (gl) f
• German: -in (de) n

• Italian: -ina (it) f
• Portuguese: -ina (pt) f
• Spanish: -ina (es) f

Etymology 2

Variant of -en.

Suffix

-ine

1. Can be used to denote the plural form of a small number of English words:

   ‎cow + ‎-ine → ‎kine

   ‎sow + ‎-ine → ‎swine

References

• “-ine”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “-ine” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

• -ein, EIN, NEI, NIE, Nie

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Finnish

Etymology

From the same source as -ne (noun-forming suffix) (seen in murene, etc.), with contamination from -in (instrumental suffix) in both form and meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ineˣ/, [-ine̞(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ine

1. Forms diminutive forms of nouns, particularly for objects or tools.

Derived terms

Finnish words suffixed with -ine

Anagrams

• ein, ien

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French

Etymology

-in +‎ -e

Suffix

-ine f (plural -ines)

1. -ine; forms chemical substances

   ‎café (“coffee”) + ‎-ine → ‎caféine (“caffeine”)

2. forms diminutives

   ‎escalope (“escalope (cut of meat)”) + ‎-ine → ‎escalopine (“small escalope”)

   ‎feutre (“felt (material)”) + ‎-ine → ‎feutrine (“lightweight felt”)

3. female equivalent of -in; forms female agent nouns

   ‎pèler(in) (“pilgrim”) + ‎-ine → ‎pèlerine (“female pilgrim”)

   ‎assass(in) (“assassin”) + ‎-ine → ‎assassine (“female assassin”)

Derived terms

French words suffixed with -ine

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German

Suffix

-ine

1. (nonstandard) Used to form feminine nouns.

   ‎Azubi + ‎-ine → ‎Azubine

   ‎Dackel (“dachshund”) + ‎-ine → ‎Dackeline

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Irish

Suffix

-ine f

1. genitive of -in

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Italian

Suffix

-ine f pl

1. plural of -ina

Anagrams

• nei

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Latin

Suffix

-īne

1. vocative masculine singular of -īnus

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Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-inen. Cognates include Ingrian -in and Finnish -nen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-inʲe/

Suffix

-ine

1. Used to form diminutive nouns; -ie

Derived terms

Livvi words suffixed with -ine