-jem
Hungarian
editEtymology
editFrom -j (subjunctive / imperative suffix) + -em (personal suffix).
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-jem
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular subjunctive/imperative of verbs (definite conjugation).
- küld (“to send”) → Hová küldjem őket? ― Where shall I send them?
Usage notes
edit- See harmonic variants in the table below.
Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem | |
te | 2nd person singular | -d | ||
long form | -jad | -jed | ||
ő maga / ön |
3rd person singular | -ja | -je | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek | |
ők maguk / önök |
3rd person plural | -ják | -jék | |
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | |||
s sz z dz |
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | |||
st szt |
The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | |||
long vowel + t or consonant + t |
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | |||
short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. |