Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jut

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yú, dual of *túh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian jùdu (“the two of you”).

Alternative forms

• *jit (North-West Germanic)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jut/

Pronoun

*jut

1. you two

Inflection

Proto-Germanic personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative/instr		possessive
singular	first person	*ek (unstressed *ik)	*mek (unstressed *mik)	*miz		*mīnaz
	second person	*þū	*þek (unstressed *þik)	*þiz		*þīnaz
dual	first person	*wet (unstressed *wit)	*unk	*unkiz		*unkeraz
	second person	*jut, *jit	*inkw	*inkwiz		*inkweraz
plural	first person	*wīz (unstressed *wiz)	*uns	*unsiz		*unseraz
	second person	*jūz, *jīz	*izwiz	*izwiz		*izweraz
reflexive		(*se-)	*sek (unstressed *sik)	*siz		*sīnaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *jit
  • Old English: ġit
    • Middle English: ȝit
  • Old Frisian: *it, *jit
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: jat

      Sylt: at

  • Old Saxon: git
  • Old Dutch: *git, *it
    • Bergish: et, get, git, it
  • Old High German: *iz
    • Middle High German: ëz
      • Bavarian: es
      • Yiddish: עץ (ets) (Poylish)
• Old Norse: it
  • ⇒ Old Norse: þit
    • Icelandic: þið
    • Faroese: tit
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: de, did
  • Elfdalian: ið
  • Old Swedish: it
    • Finland Swedish: et, ät
• Gothic: 𐌾𐌿𐍄 (jut)