Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wiːz/

Pronoun

*wīz

1. we

Inflection

Proto-Germanic personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative/instr		possessive
singular	first person	*ek (unstressed *ik)	*mek (unstressed *mik)	*miz		*mīnaz
	second person	*þū	*þek (unstressed *þik)	*þiz		*þīnaz
dual	first person	*wet (unstressed *wit)	*unk	*unkiz		*unkeraz
	second person	*jut, *jit	*inkw	*inkwiz		*inkweraz
plural	first person	*wīz (unstressed *wiz)	*uns	*unsiz		*unseraz
	second person	*jūz, *jīz	*izwiz	*izwiz		*izweraz
reflexive		(*se-)	*sek (unstressed *sik)	*siz		*sīnaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wiʀ
  • Old English: wē, wœ̄ — Northumbrian, wæ, ƿē
    • Middle English: we, ve, whe, huue, hwe, vue, wæ (Early Middle English), weo, woe, wue (Southwest Midlands)
      • English: we
        • Jamaican Creole: wi
        • Sranan Tongo: wi
      • Scots: we, oo
      • Yola: wough, wu, wee, we, w'
  • Old Frisian: wī, wē
    • North Frisian: wi, wü
    • Saterland Frisian: wie
    • West Frisian: wy
  • Old Saxon: wī
    • Middle Low German: wî
      • Low German: wir
        • Dutch Low Saxon: wi
        • German Low German: wi

          Plautdietsch: wie

  • Old Dutch: wī
    • Middle Dutch: wi
      • Dutch: wij, we (muted)
        • Afrikaans: wy
        • Jersey Dutch: wāi
        • Negerhollands: wellie
  • Old High German: wir
    • Middle High German: wir
      • Bavarian:
        • Cimbrian: biar, bar (Sette Comuni)
        • Mòcheno: biar
      • German: wir
      • ⇒ Middle High German: mir
        • Alemannic German: mir, mier
        • Bavarian: mia
        • German: mir (dialectal)
        • Hunsrik: meer
        • Luxembourgish: mir, mer
        • Pennsylvania German: mer
        • Yiddish: מיר (mir)
• Proto-Norse: *ᚹᛁᛉ (*wiʀ)
  • Old West Norse: vér, vær, mér, *wīʀ — Old East Norse
    • Icelandic: vér, vær
    • Faroese: vær
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: me (< mér < erum vér)
  • Old East Norse: *wīʀ
    • Elfdalian: wįr
    • Old Swedish: vīr, vī, ᚠᛁᚱ
      • Swedish: vi
      • → Norwegian: vi
    • Old Danish: wii, wi
      • Danish: vi
        • Norwegian Bokmål: vi
          • → Norwegian Nynorsk: vi
  • Old Gutnish: wir
    • Gutnish: výr
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (weis)