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The Somavera Dictionary. Bilingualw bidirectional dictionary. Languages: vulgar Greek of the 17th century (Early Modern Greek or Late Medieval) - Italian


A «Thesaurus» of vulgar Greek and Italian language. 1st edition: Paris, 1709.
Available at

Author

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Name

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The lexicographer's name in his native language, French, and renderings in various languages.
Known as

  • French: Alexis de Sommevoire (Alexis IPA: /a.lɛk.si/}} de /də/ Sommevoire /sɔmvwaʁ/ = aleksί də somvwár). But as Emile Legrand notes, 'Sommevoire' was not a surname but only a demonym. He was known, as P. Alexis (Père Alexis "Father Alexis")[1]
  • Italian: Alessio da Somavera (IPA: /aˈlɛs.sjo da somaˈvera/ = aléssjo da somavéra)
  • Greek, in lowercase nominative: Αλέξιος Σουμαβέραιος IPA /aˈleksios sumaˈvereos/ aléksios sumavéreos (source:1st edition's title, in accusative singular, uppercase) Other forms found -in polytonic spelling-: Ἀλέξιος ὁ Σουμαβέραιος? /aˈleksios o sumaˈvereos/ ("Alexios the Sommevoirian"), Σουμαβεραῖος? /sumaˈvereos/

Other contributors: collaborative work of missionaries (as described at the Prologue, in French, by the editor Thomas le Père /tɔ.ma lə Père/

  • Somavera was French (from Sommevoire), a Capuchin w monk.
  • Missionary in Greece (part of the Ottoman Empire at the time), approximately for 40 years. He taught Capuchins at Ecole des Jeunes de langues ('School of the Young of languages') in Constantinople (#Diatsentos)
  • 1690: P. Alexis tries, unsuccesfully, to publish the dictionary in Paris.
  • Death between 1690-1709: before 1709 (the year of 1st publication of the dictionary) and after 1690
  • Somavera at wikidata Q116457566 Alexis of Sommevoire

Editor

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The editor P. Thomas (Père Thomas), as he signs the Dedication of the dictionary

  • French Capuchin, from Paris
  • Hellenised name Θωμάζος Παριτζίνος ("Thomazos Paritzinos" (Tomaso from Paris) at #Title_in_Greek)
  • In Italian: Tomaso Parigino (at #Title_in_Italian)

He writes

  • the dedication in French (pages PP11-16) which is translated in Greek (pages PP17-24 )
  • and help pages for the "benevolent reader" in Italian (pp. PP25-30), translated in Greek (pp.PP31-38) with explanations of the presentation of nouns, adjectives and verbs. In the last paragraph he mentions his own Grammar, as a supplamentary second volume (in Latin, Italian and Greek).

The dictionary

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  • bidirectional dictionary in two parts: Greek-Italian and Italian-Greek (vulgar Greek of 17th century to Italian & Italian to Greek)
  • Title: #Title in Greek, #Title in Italian
  • 1st edition: Paris 1709, after the death of its author
  • Titles in Greek and Italian, dedication and prefaces
  • Entries in 3 columns
  • Some Greek words are found only as translations of the Italian lemmata and are not lemmatised at the Greek part.
  • No French words mentioned (the native language of Sommevoire). Only the dedication is in French, written by Father Thomas.

Titles

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https://books.google.gr/books?id=sS5EAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7

[Greek capitals] ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΦΡΑΓΚΙΚΗΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ
In English: Thesaure of Romaic and Frangic language
[Italian capitals] TESORO DELLA LINUGA GRECA-VOLGARE ED ITATLIANA
In English: Thesaurus of the language Greek-vulgar and Italian

Title in Greek

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https://books.google.gr/books?id=sS5EAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP8 title page of Greek section. Spelling inlcludes ligatures (placed here between curly brackets {} if not typable).

ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΦΡΑΓΚΙΚΗΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ, ΗΓΟΥΝ ΛΕΞΙΚΟΝ ΡΩΜΑΙΚΟΝ ΚΑΙ ΦΡΑΓΚΙΚΟΝ ΠΛΟΥΣΙΩΤΑΤΟΝ, ΟΠΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΕΧΕΙ
Πρῶτον, ὅλαις τῇς λέξες ὡραμάϊ τ Ρωμαίκης ϗ΄ τ Φράγκικης Γλώσσας, ϗ΄ μάλιϛα τῇς ἰδiαλεξίαις.
Δεύτερον, ἄλλαις πολλαις ἑλληνικαῖς λέξες , μάλιϛα ἐκ{εῖ}ναις ὁπȣ̂ ἐγΓίζȣν τ Γραμματικῆς , τ Φιλοσοφίας ϗ΄ τ Θεολογίας.
Τρίτον, κάποια ξεχωριϛὰ κατάϛιχα , ϗ΄ ἄλλα μικρὰ κεφάλαια πολλὰ ὠφέλιμα ϗ΄χριαζȢ́μ{εν}α.
Ε῎ργον ὀψίγονον ἀπὸ τ Πατέρα ΑΛΕΞΙΟΝ τ ΣΟΥΜΑΒΕΡΑΙΟΝ ΚαϖȢτζίνον Φραντζέζον, Μισιονάριον Α᾿ποϛόλικον , ϗ΄ ΚȢϛόδες ὁλωνῶν μας τ Μισιόνων τ Ε῾λλάδας.
Καὶ ϛὸ φαινώμ{εν}ον βαλμένον ἀπὸ τ Πατέρα ΘΩΜΑΖΟΝ ΠΑΡΙΤΖΙΝΟΝ, Μισιονάριον Α᾿ποϛόλικον τȣ̂ ἰδίȣ σχήματος.
Α᾿φιερώνεται τȣ̂ ἐκλαμϖρότατȣ Α῎ρχοντα Η῾γȣμένȣ ΜΠΙΝΟΙΩΝΗ.
Στὸ Παρίτζι. Α᾿πὸ τ Τυπωγραφίαν τȣ̂ ΜΙΧΑΗΛ ΓΚΙΝΙΑΡΔ , ϛὴν ῥύμ{ην} τȣ̂ ἁγίου Γιάκȣμȣ , ἀπὸ κάτω ϛό σημάδι τȣ̂ μέγα Ιωαννη.
Πȣλ{ει}έται ϗ΄ ὅλας ϛήν Μαρσίλιαν εἰς τὸν ΠΕΤΡΟΝ ΚΑΡΙ, κοντά ϛὸν λυμηῶνα.
͵α ψ΄ θ΄.
ΜΕ ΠΡΟΝΟΜΙΟΝ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΟΝ ΘΕΛΗΜΑ.

The Greek text in standard fonts, polytonic Greek, without ligatures. (Source: Legrand, Emile. Bibliographie hellenique : ou, Description raisonnee des ouvrages publies par des Grecs au dix-huitieme siecle Tome 1, page 74, number 57) @anemi


Translation in English from Greek of the time, by line (explanations in parentheses)

[line in uppercase] Thesaurus of Romaic and 'Frangic' (Frankish, here meaning Italian) language, that is Romaic and Frangic dictionary, most rich, which contains
First, all the words ὡραμάϊ[missing translation] of Romaic and Frangic Language, and also indeed the 'idiolects' (idioms)
Second, many other Greek words, expecially those which touch (those pertaining) to Grammar, Philosophy and Theology.
Thirdly, some separate 'registers' (appendices) and other small 'chapters' very beneficial and needed/desired.
A postumus work by Father Aleksios the Somaverean Capuchin Frensch, Apostolic Missionary, and the group (custodia) of all of us the Missioni (in Italian) of Greece.
And at the 'presently viewed' uncertain translation placed by the Father Thomas the Parisian, Apostolic Missionario of the same order.
Dedicated to illustrissimo The Most Illustrious literally" most brilliant) 'Archon' abbot (Father Superior) 'Binionis' [the french surname Bignon Hellenised].
In 'Parigi' (Paris in Italian). From the print shop of 'Mikhael Ghiniardh' (Hellenised French: Michel Guignard) at Saint Giacomo street, under the sign of 'great' John.
Already being sold in 'Marsiglia' (Marseille) at Petro Cari's, near the port.
1709 (in Greek numbering system)
[line in uppercase] By privilege and royal will.


 

Title in Italian

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https://books.google.gr/books?id=sS5EAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP9 title page of Italian section (in Italian of the time, ſ = s)

TESORO DELLA LINGUA GRECA-VOLGARE ED ITALIANA CIOE RICCHISSIMO DIZZIONARIO GRECO-VOLGARE ET ITALIANO CHE CONTIENE
Primo, quaſi tutte le Dizzioni della Lingua Greca-Volgare ed Italiana, e principalmente le proprie Dizzioni d'ambidue queſte due Lingue.
Secondo, molte altre Dizzioni letterali, particolarmente quelle che appartengono alla Grammatica, la Filoſofia, e la Teologia.
Terzo, certe particolari notationi, ed altri piccoli Capitoli, molto utili, e neceſſarii.
Opera poſtuma dal Padre Alessio da Somavera, Capucino Franceſe, Miſſionario Apoſtolico, e Cuſtode di tutte le noſtre Miſſioni di Grecia.
E poſta in luce dal Padre Tomaso da Parigi, Miſſionario Apoſtolico, del medeſimo Ordine.
Dedicato all'Illuſtriſſimo Abbate Bignon.
PARIGI, Appreſſo Michele Guignard, nella ſtrada di San Giacomo all'inſegna di San Giouanni.
E ſi vende ancora in Marſiglia, appreſſo Pietro Cari, nel Porto.
M. DCC. IX.
CON PRIVILEGIO REGIO.

Translation in English from Italian, by line.

[line in uppercase] Thesaurus of the vernacular Greek and Italian language, that is a most rich dictionary of vernacular Greek and Italian, which contains
Firstly, almost all terms of the vernacular Greek and Italian language, and chiefly the characteristic terms of both these two languages.
Secondly, many more literary terms, those pertaining to grammar, philosophy and theology.
Thirdly, some separate notes, and other small chapters very useful and necessary.
A postumus work by Father Alessio from Somavera, French Capuchin, Apostolic Missionary, and protector of all our missions in Greece.
Brought to light by Father Tommaso from Paris, Apostolic Missionary of the same order.
Dedicate to most illustrious Abbot Bignon.
PARIS, printed by 'Michele' (French: Michel) Guignard, at Saint Giacomo (James) street, under the sign of Saint Giovanni (John).
Also already sold in Marseille at Petro Cari's, at the port.
1709 (in Latin numbering system)
[line in uppercase] By Royal Privilege.


 

Further reading

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Babiniotis

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- - English translations by User:Sarri.greek - -

  • Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: [] [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN, pages 2009-2010, Λεξικογραφικό επίμετρο (Lexicographic Supplement) [in monotonic spelling according to this Dictionary's House Rules (not the official system) - the examples in italics polytonic]

Partial translation in English
From the dictionaries of the 18th century, the most important and pioneering for its era is the dictionary by the Roman Catholic and missionary Father Alessio da Somavera. It was published in 1709 in Paris with title "Thesaurus of Romaic and Frankic language, that is Dictionary Romaic and Frankic". It is a Greek-Italian and Italian-Greek dictionary, which became a point of reference and source for future lexicographers and Neo-Hellenists because of the richness of the modern Greek 'lemmatologion'.missing translation for the dicionary's sum of entries / macrostructure And this, because it contains words of the simple colloquial language of the time, usages of words in phrases, idioms («ιδιολεξίες» 'idiolects'), words from dialects and idioms of Greece and terms for grammar, philosophy and theology. Often, at the Greek lemma, before the translation in Italian, synonyms are given [… examples]. And most importantly, it supplies a plethora of expressions (in the form of sublemma, inserted at relevant entries) from which the richness of usage of the lemmata is shown. For example, at lemma θωριά (thoriá, appearance, look, colour) more than 84 usages/phrases are supplied with Italian interpretation and with examples [… examples for lemma θωριά (thoriá) as in p.144]
 

Diatsentos

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- - English translations by User:Sarri.greek - -

  • In Greek: Διατσέντος, Πέτρος. (2016). Καθολικές ιεραποστολές, στρατηγικές προσηλυτισμού και ανάδυση της νεοελληνικής λεξικογραφίας κατά το 17ο αιώνα. @hal.science.2020.09.08.
  • English translation: Petros Diatsentos. (2016). [Roman] Catholic missions, proselytism strategies and the surfacing of Neo-Hellenic lexicography during 17th centry.

At: 37th Annual Meeting, Department of Linguistics, May 2016, Thessalonique, Greece. ⟨hal-02933546⟩ download pdf. Retrieved:2023.12.22.


Partial translation in English
From the French Capuchins' area one more dictionary of Modern Greek will surface. It is the posthumous publication (1709) of the bilingual Greek-Italian dictionary, of two directions [bidirectional] by Allessio da Somavera.9 The French missionary of the Ministry of Greece will have a forty-year presence in various hellenophone regions of the Ottoman Empire, and in 1690 he will attempt unsuccesfully to publish his work in Paris. Thomas le Père10, member of the same mission, will succeed 19 years later, the publication of this work, which will be accompanied by a second volume of a grammar signed by himself. The publication is approved and supported by Abbot Bignon (the king's librarian) who, in the frame of the royal library, will found multiple foreign-language sectors, providing staff of scholars, experts in contemporary languages, and will launch a policy of systematic translations to French (Bléchet, 1997: 89-91).[…] The linguistic material covers a very wide geographical area. The work seems to be the result of collaborative effort coordinated by Somavera himself. According to the comments by the editor of the publication (Thomas le Père), the collection took place with the assistance of all the missionaries. This lexicographic work contains approximately 50,000 lemmata, as well as various glossaries in an appendix. Somavera takes into account the material by Germano and Portius, which he will enrich or correct where he assesses as suitable to the purpose. In contrast to Portius, the French Capuchin will not import Latin and Ancient Greek as languages of entries or of translations [literally: entry or exit languages] Essentially, he reproduces Germano's choice by connecting two living languages and he advances on step further by producing a bidirectional dictionary, something partially achieved by Portius. As we can observe, French remains absent although the lexicographer is a francophone.


[…]


On the other hand, Germano and Somavera are the people working based on experience and the linguistic needs of the mission. The latter, as head of the Apostolic Ministry of Greece in Constantinople has an overall view of the field, while simultaneously he teaches the language and occupies himself with the linguistic training of the Capuchins at the School of the Young for languages12. Through this duplicate experience and given as datum the audience looking forward to his dictionary, he will choose Modern Greek and Italian as languages of entry and exit [translation] in his work.


  • 9 A. da Somavera, Tesoro della lingua greca-volgare ed italiana, Paris, M. Guignard, 1709.
  • 10 He is Father Thomas de Paris, who signs the preface of the dictionary, as well as the grammar, which he publishes as Thomas le Père.
  • 12 This is Ecole des Jeunes de langues, founded in 1669 in Constantinople, in command by Colbert and manned by Capuchin Fathers.
  • BLÉCHET F., 1997, « Les interprètes orientalistes de la bibliothèque du roi, » Frédéric Hitzel, (pub.), Istanbul et les langues orientales, Paris, L’Harmattan, pp. 89-102


 

Contents

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Approximately 50,000 lemamta (#Diatsentos) - Appendices

real pagenumber @books.google @anemi
σελίδα pdf
&pageno=
περιγραφή description
PP7 1 of 1019 cover
PP8 2 first part: #Title_in_Greek
PP9 3 Italian title #Title_in_Italian
PP11-16 5-10 dedication in French (fr) A Monseigneur Jean-Paul Bignon
PP17-24 11-18 the dedication in Greek (gr) Τω ευγενεστάτω αφέντη αφέντη τω ηγουμένω Μπυγνοιωνη
PP25-30 19-24 Prologue in Italian Al benevolo lettore [Prologo it]
PP31-38 25-32 Prologue in Greek Εις τον φιλαναγνώστην [Πρόλογος gr]
1 Α=PA1 up to PA21.
Then, pagination RA1-PA22
A=33 Missing pages 34, 35. Thus, 33 (is 65), 36 (is 66). start α
66 Β=RA1-PA66 Β=96 end of α, start β
78 Γ=RA1-PA78 Γ=108 start γ
89 Δ=RA1-PA89 Δ=119 end γ, start δ
106 Ε=RA1-PA106 Ε=136 end δ, start ε
130 Ζ=RA1-PA130 Ζ=160 end ε, start ζ
136 Η=RA1-PA136 Η=166 end ζ, start η
137 Θ=RA1-PA136 Θ=167 end η, start θ
145 Ι=RA1-PA145 Ι=175 end θ, start ι
147 Κ=RA1-PA147 Κ=177 end ι, start κ
206 Λ=RA1-PA206 Λ=236 end κ, start λ
220 Μ=RA1-PA220 Μ=250 end λ, start μ
257 Ν=RA1-PA257 Ν=287 end μ, start ν
264 Ξ=RA1-PA264 Ξ=294 start ξ
293 Ο=RA1-PA293 Ο=323 end ξ, start ο
302 Π=RA1-PA302 Π=332 end ο, start π
352 Ρ=RA1-PA352 Ρ=382 end π, start ρ
359 Σ=RA1-PA359 Σ=389 end ρ, start σ
401 Τ=RA1-PA401 Τ=431 end σ, start τ
420 Υ=RA1-PA420 Υ=450 end τ, start υ
423 Φ=RA1-PA423 Φ=453 end υ, start φ
438 Χ=RA1-PA438 Χ=468 end φ, start χ
453 Ψ=RA1-PA453 Ψ=483 end χ, start ψ
460 Ω=RA1-PA460 Ω=490 end ψ, start ω
(461) Ω=RA1-PA461 Ω=491-493 handwritten end ω "Τέλος, ϗ΄ Θεῷ δόξα Fine, et a Dio la gloria." and critique notes in French, Latin
RA1-PT1   (in French) "Privilege du Roy. Avril 1709, signé Guerin"
PART 2 (Italian-Greek dictionary)
RA2-PP1 499 #Title_in_Italian
RA2-PP3 up to RA2-PP8 501 up to 506 Dedication in Italian (it) All'illustrissimo signore, abbate Bignon ['Epistola']
(1) A=RA2-PA1 A=507 start a
62 B=RA2-PA62 B=568 end a, start b
86 C=RA2-PA86 C=592 end b, start c
149 D=RA2-PA149 D=655 end c, start d
173 E=RA2-PA173 E=679 end d, start e
183 F=RA2-PA183 F=689 end e, start f
212 G=RA2-PA212 G=718 end f, start g
234 H=RA2-PA234 H=740 end g, start h
240 I=RA2-PA240 I=746 end h, start i
267 L=RA2-PA267 L=773 end i, start L
281 M=RA2-PA281 M=787 end L, start m
314 N=RA2-PA314 N=820 start n
322 O=RA2-PA322 O=828 end n, start o
331 P=RA2-PA331 P=837 start p
374 Q=RA2-PA374 Q=880 end p, start q
378 R=RA2-PA378 R=884 end q, start r
408 S=RA2-PA408 S=914 end r, start s
472 T=RA2-PA472 T=976 end s, start t
490 U/V=RA2-PA490 U/V=996 end t, start u or v
511 Z=RA2-PA511 Z=1017 end u or v, start z
513 Z=RA2-PA513 Z=1019 end z "Fine, et a Dio la gloria. Τέλος, ϗ΄ Θεῷ δόξα"


 

Notes

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old script of letters:

Greek ligatures - Ελληνικά τυπογραφικά συμπλέγματα


 


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