arat
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
arat
- nominative plural of ara
Etymology 2 edit
Adjective edit
arat
- nominative plural of arka
Anagrams edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Of debated origin:
- Either from Proto-Uralic *šurɜ- (“to cut, divide, distribute, share”),[1][2]
- or from a Turkic language, compare Proto-Turkic *or- and Ottoman Turkish ora.[2]
Either way, it is considered to have the Hungarian suffix -t and to be the variant of Hungarian irt, with which it used to share its meaning.[2]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
arat
Conjugation edit
conjugation of arat
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | aratok | aratsz | arat | aratunk | arattok | aratnak | |
Def. | aratom | aratod | aratja | aratjuk | aratjátok | aratják | |||
2nd-p. o. | aratlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | arattam | arattál | aratott | arattunk | arattatok | arattak | ||
Def. | arattam | arattad | aratta | arattuk | arattátok | aratták | |||
2nd-p. o. | arattalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. aratni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | araték | aratál | arata | aratánk | aratátok | aratának | ||
Def. | aratám | aratád | aratá | aratánk | aratátok | araták | |||
2nd-p. o. | aratálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. arat vala, aratott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | aratandok | aratandasz | aratand | aratandunk | aratandotok | aratandanak | ||
Def. | aratandom | aratandod | aratandja | aratandjuk | aratandjátok | aratandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | aratandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | aratnék | aratnál | aratna | aratnánk | aratnátok | aratnának | |
Def. | aratnám | aratnád | aratná | aratnánk (or aratnók) |
aratnátok | aratnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | aratnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. aratott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | arassak | arass or arassál |
arasson | arassunk | arassatok | arassanak | |
Def. | arassam | arasd or arassad |
arassa | arassuk | arassátok | arassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | arassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. aratott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | aratni | aratnom | aratnod | aratnia | aratnunk | aratnotok | aratniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
aratás | arató | aratott | aratandó | aratva (aratván) | arattat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of arat
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | arathatok | arathatsz | arathat | arathatunk | arathattok | arathatnak | |
Def. | arathatom | arathatod | arathatja | arathatjuk | arathatjátok | arathatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | arathatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | arathattam | arathattál | arathatott | arathattunk | arathattatok | arathattak | ||
Def. | arathattam | arathattad | arathatta | arathattuk | arathattátok | arathatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | arathattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | arathaték | arathatál | arathata | arathatánk | arathatátok | arathatának | ||
Def. | arathatám | arathatád | arathatá | arathatánk | arathatátok | arathaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | arathatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. arathat vala, arathatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | arathatandok or aratandhatok |
arathatandasz or aratandhatsz |
arathatand or aratandhat |
arathatandunk or aratandhatunk |
arathatandotok or aratandhattok |
arathatandanak or aratandhatnak | ||
Def. | arathatandom or aratandhatom |
arathatandod or aratandhatod |
arathatandja or aratandhatja |
arathatandjuk or aratandhatjuk |
arathatandjátok or aratandhatjátok |
arathatandják or aratandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | arathatandalak or aratandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | arathatnék | arathatnál | arathatna | arathatnánk | arathatnátok | arathatnának | |
Def. | arathatnám | arathatnád | arathatná | arathatnánk (or arathatnók) |
arathatnátok | arathatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | arathatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. arathatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | arathassak | arathass or arathassál |
arathasson | arathassunk | arathassatok | arathassanak | |
Def. | arathassam | arathasd or arathassad |
arathassa | arathassuk | arathassátok | arathassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | arathassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. arathatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (arathatni) | (arathatnom) | (arathatnod) | (arathatnia) | (arathatnunk) | (arathatnotok) | (arathatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | aratható | Neg. adj. | arathatatlan | Adv. part. | (arathatva / arathatván) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
References edit
- ^ Entry #1014 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 arat in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading edit
- arat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- arat in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
arat (first-person possessive aratku, second-person possessive aratmu, third-person possessive aratnya)
Further reading edit
- “arat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin edit
Verb edit
arat
References edit
- arat in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Latvian edit
Verb edit
arat
Masbatenyo edit
Noun edit
arat
Derived terms edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Mongolian ард (ard).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
arat m pers
Declension edit
Declension of arat
Further reading edit
- arat in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
arat (past participle of ara)
- past participle of ara
Etymology 2 edit
Compare Aromanian aratru, arat, Spanish and Portuguese arado, Italian aratro (older form arato), Catalan arada). Largely replaced by plug.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
arat n (plural arate)
Declension edit
Declension of arat