arrufar

Catalan edit

Alternative forms edit

arrufir

Etymology edit

Uncertain.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.ruˈfa]
IPA^(key): (Valencian) [a.ruˈfaɾ]

Verb edit

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufí, past participle arrufat)

(transitive) to wrinkle, to crinkle
Synonym: arrugar
(takes a reflexive pronoun) to stand on end, to bristle

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of arrufar (first conjugation)

person		singular			plural
infinitive			arrufar
gerund			arrufant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arrufat		arrufada
		plural		arrufats		arrufades
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrufo	arrufes	arrufa	arrufem	arrufeu	arrufen
	imperfect	arrufava	arrufaves	arrufava	arrufàvem	arrufàveu	arrufaven
	future	arrufaré	arrufaràs	arrufarà	arrufarem	arrufareu	arrufaran
	preterite	arrufí	arrufares	arrufà	arrufàrem	arrufàreu	arrufaren
	conditional	arrufaria	arrufaries	arrufaria	arrufaríem	arrufaríeu	arrufarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	arrufi	arrufis	arrufi	arrufem	arrufeu	arrufin
	imperfect	arrufés	arrufessis	arrufés	arruféssim	arruféssiu	arrufessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	arrufa	arrufi	arrufem	arrufeu	arrufin
	negative (no)	—	no arrufis	no arrufi	no arrufem	no arrufeu	no arrufin

Derived terms edit

Galician edit

Alternative forms edit

rufar

Etymology edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /aruˈfaɾ/

Verb edit

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)

to incite; to embolden
(takes a reflexive pronoun) to get cocky

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of arrufar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arrufar
Personal	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufaren
Gerund
	arrufando
Past participle
Masculine	arrufado			arrufados
Feminine	arrufada			arrufadas
Indicative
Present	arrufo	arrufas	arrufa	arrufamos	arrufades	arrufan
Imperfect	arrufaba	arrufabas	arrufaba	arrufabamos	arrufabades	arrufaban
Preterite	arrufei	arrufaches	arrufou	arrufamos	arrufastes	arrufaron
Pluperfect	arrufara	arrufaras	arrufara	arrufaramos	arrufarades	arrufaran
Future	arrufarei	arrufarás	arrufará	arrufaremos	arrufaredes	arrufarán
Conditional	arrufaría	arrufarías	arrufaría	arrufariamos	arrufariades	arrufarían
Subjunctive
Present	arrufe	arrufes	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufedes	arrufen
Imperfect	arrufase	arrufases	arrufase	arrufásemos	arrufásedes	arrufasen
Future	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufaren
Imperative
Affirmative		arrufa	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufade	arrufen
Negative (non)		non arrufes	non arrufe	non arrufemos	non arrufedes	non arrufen

Reintegrated conjugation of arrufar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arrufar
Personal	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Gerund
	arrufando
Past participle
Masculine	arrufado			arrufados
Feminine	arrufada			arrufadas
Indicative
Present	arrufo	arrufas	arrufa	arrufamos	arrufades, arrufais	arrufam
Imperfect	arrufava	arrufavas	arrufava	arrufávamos	arrufávades, arrufáveis, arrufávais¹	arrufavam
Preterite	arrufei	arrufaste, arrufache¹	arrufou	arrufamos	arrufastes	arrufárom, arrufaram
Pluperfect	arrufara	arrufaras	arrufara	arrufáramos	arrufárades, arrufáreis, arrufárais¹	arrufaram
Future	arrufarei	arrufarás	arrufará	arrufaremos	arrufaredes, arrufareis	arrufarám, arrufarão
Conditional	arrufaria	arrufarias	arrufaria	arrufaríamos	arrufaríades, arrufaríeis, arrufaríais¹	arrufariam
Subjunctive
Present	arrufe	arrufes	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufedes, arrufeis	arrufem
Imperfect	arrufasse	arrufasses	arrufasse	arrufássemos	arrufássedes, arrufásseis	arrufassem
Future	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arrufa	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufade, arrufai	arrufem
Negative (nom)		nom arrufes	nom arrufe	nom arrufemos	nom arrufedes, nom arrufeis	nom arrufem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms edit

arrufado

Related terms edit

rufo

References edit

“arrufar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“arruf” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
“arrufar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“arrufar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“arrufar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
“arrufar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “rufián”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain. Probably from Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.

Pronunciation edit

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.huˈfa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ɾ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.χuˈfa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ɻ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɻ)]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈfaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈfa.ɾi/

Hyphenation: ar‧ru‧far

Verb edit

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)

(transitive, reflexive) to anger (to become or cause someone to become angry)
Synonyms: enraivecer, irritar, zangar, enervar

Antonym: acalmar

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of arrufar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arrufar
Personal	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Gerund
	arrufando
Past participle
Masculine	arrufado			arrufados
Feminine	arrufada			arrufadas
Indicative
Present	arrufo	arrufas	arrufa	arrufamos	arrufais	arrufam
Imperfect	arrufava	arrufavas	arrufava	arrufávamos	arrufáveis	arrufavam
Preterite	arrufei	arrufaste	arrufou	arrufamos¹, arrufámos²	arrufastes	arrufaram
Pluperfect	arrufara	arrufaras	arrufara	arrufáramos	arrufáreis	arrufaram
Future	arrufarei	arrufarás	arrufará	arrufaremos	arrufareis	arrufarão
Conditional	arrufaria	arrufarias	arrufaria	arrufaríamos	arrufaríeis	arrufariam
Subjunctive
Present	arrufe	arrufes	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufeis	arrufem
Imperfect	arrufasse	arrufasses	arrufasse	arrufássemos	arrufásseis	arrufassem
Future	arrufar	arrufares	arrufar	arrufarmos	arrufardes	arrufarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arrufa	arrufe	arrufemos	arrufai	arrufem
Negative (não)		não arrufes	não arrufe	não arrufemos	não arrufeis	não arrufem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms edit

arrufo

[1] Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “rufián”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

[1]

arrufar

Contents

Catalan edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Galician edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

References edit

Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Related terms edit