Wiktionary

brak

See also: brák, Brak, bräk, bråk, and břak

English edit

Etymology edit

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Afrikaans brak?”

Adjective edit

brak (comparative more brak, superlative most brak)

  1. (South Africa) Brackish.
    • 1995, Bill Sheat, Gerald Schofield, Complete Gardening in Southern Africa, page 437:
      Brak soils, which continue to be a subject of research, are unlikely to provide a major stumbling block […] However, brak conditions and their effects underline many of the principles of good soil management […]

Anagrams edit

Crimean Tatar edit

Etymology edit

Russian брак (brak), from German Brack (“defective goods, defect, flaw”).

Noun edit

brak

  1. defect

Declension edit

Declension of brak
singular plural
nominative brak braklar
genitive braknıñ braklarnıñ
dative brakqa braklarğa
accusative braknı braklarnı
locative brakta braklarda
ablative braktan braklardan

References edit

  • Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[2], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
  • “brak”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Czech edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Czech brak, from Middle Low German brak. Compare Polish brak.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈbrak]
  • Hyphenation: brak

Noun edit

brak m inan

  1. trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)

Declension edit

Declension of brak (velar masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative brak braky
genitive braku braků
dative braku brakům
accusative brak braky
vocative braku braky
locative braku bracích
instrumental brakem braky

Further reading edit

  • brak in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • brak in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • brak in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /brɑk/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: brak
  • Rhymes: -ɑk

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Dutch brac. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Adjective edit

brak (comparative brakker, superlative brakst)

  1. brackish
  2. (colloquial) bad
  3. (colloquial) hung over
Inflection edit
Inflection of brak
uninflected brak
inflected brakke
comparative brakker
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial brak brakker het brakst
het brakste
indefinite m./f. sing. brakke brakkere brakste
n. sing. brak brakker brakste
plural brakke brakkere brakste
definite brakke brakkere brakste
partitive braks brakkers —
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • → Papiamentu: brak
  • → Sranan Tongo: brak

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Dutch bracke. Compare German Bracke, French braque, English brach, Italian bracco, Spanish braco. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun edit

brak m or f (plural brakken, diminutive brakje n)

  1. hound, brach (of either sex)
    Synonym: jachthond

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

brak

  1. singular past indicative of breken

Anagrams edit

Gothic edit

Romanization edit

brak

  1. Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺

Icelandic edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse brak.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

brak n (genitive singular braks, no plural)

  1. crash, din (sound of something breaking)
  2. wreckage, broken wood, etc.

Declension edit

declension of brak
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative brak brakið brök brökin
accusative brak brakið brök brökin
dative braki brakinu brökum brökunum
genitive braks braksins braka brakanna

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Kashubian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Polish brak.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈbrak/
  • Syllabification: brak

Noun edit

brak m inan

  1. lack (non-existence of something)
    Synonym: niedostatk

Derived terms edit

verbs

Further reading edit

  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “brak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[3], volume 1, page 117
  • “brak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Old Czech edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Middle Low German brak.[1] Compare Old Polish brak.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

brak m inan

  1. choice (what is taken n. selected from a group of individuals of the same kind)
  2. trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)

Declension edit

Declension of brak (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative brak braky braci, brakové
genitive braka, braku brakú brakóv
dative braku brakoma brakóm
accusative brak braky braky
vocative brače braky braci, brakové
locative bracě, braku brakú braciech
instrumental brakem brakoma braky
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants edit

References edit

  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “brak”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN

Old Polish edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Middle Low German brak. First attested in 1452. Compare Old Czech brak.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /brak/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /brak/

Noun edit

brak m animacy unattested

  1. choice, selection
    • 1912 [1452], Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page 223:
      Hannus ... tenetur prouido Laurencio... sexagenarium al. sachczyg drzewa, hoc debet sibi presentare in Gdansko in prima aqua in prato sub eleccione al. pod brakem
      [Hannus ... tenetur prouido Laurencio... sexagenarium al. zachcyg drzewa, hoc debet sibi presentare in Gdansko in prima aqua in prato sub eleccione al. pod brakiem]

Derived terms edit

verbs

Related terms edit

nouns

Descendants edit

References edit

Polish edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish brak.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

brak m inan

  1. lack (non-existence of something) [+ w (locative) = in what]
  2. defect (fault or malfunction)
    Synonyms: defekt, feler, minus, niedostatek, wada
  3. faulty product (defective item that is the result of creation)
  4. (obsolete) choice; selection
    Synonym: wybór

Declension edit

Declension of brak
singular plural
nominative brak braki
genitive braku braków
dative brakowi brakom
accusative brak braki
instrumental brakiem brakami
locative braku brakach
vocative braku braki

Derived terms edit

adjectives

Trivia edit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), brak (noun) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 28 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 63 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 12 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 137 times, making it the 437th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

Verb edit

brak impf (defective)

  1. (impersonal) there is/are no; to be wanting [+genitive = what there is not] [+dative = for/on whom]
    Synonym: brakować
    Na parkingu brak wolnych miejsc. ― There is no vacant space in the parking lot.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of brak def
present tense brak
past tense było brak
future tense będzie brak
conditional byłoby brak
imperative niech będzie brak

Descendants edit

References edit

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “brak (noun)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 32

Further reading edit

  • brak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • brak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “brak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[4]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[5]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[6] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 199
  • brak in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borkъ.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

brȃk m (Cyrillic spelling бра̑к)

  1. marriage

Declension edit

Declension of brak
singular plural
nominative brȃk brȁkovi
genitive braka brakova
dative braku brakovima
accusative brak brakove
vocative braku brakovi
locative braku brakovima
instrumental brakom brakovima

Derived terms edit

Silesian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish brak.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈbrak/
  • Rhymes: -ak
  • Syllabification: brak

Noun edit

brak m inan

  1. lack (non-existence of something)
    Synonym: niydostatek
  2. (Cieszyn Silesia) type, kind
    Synonyms: gatōnek, kategoryjŏ, typ, wariant, wariacyjŏ, zorta

Declension edit

Declension of brak
singular plural
nominative brak braki
genitive braku brakōw
dative brakowi brakōm
accusative brak braki
instrumental brakym brakami/brakōma
locative braku brakach
vocative braku braki

Derived terms edit

verbs

Further reading edit

Swedish edit

Noun edit

brak n

  1. a loud crashing sound like the sound of a large tree falling or a structure collapsing
    Trädet föll med ett brak
    The tree came down with a crash
    Ett brak hördes från vardagsrummet
    A loud crash was heard from the living room

Declension edit

Declension of brak 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative brak braket brak braken
Genitive braks brakets braks brakens

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

References edit

Uzbek edit

Etymology edit

From Russian брак (brak), from Polish brak, from Middle Low German brak (“flaw, defect; breaking”).

Noun edit

brak (plural braklar)

  1. reject, defective product

Declension edit

Declension of brak
singular plural
nominative brak braklar
genitive brakning braklarning
dative brakka braklarga
definite accusative brakni braklarni
locative brakda braklarda
ablative brakdan braklardan

* Note: The type of possessive is not specified.

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