deren

See also: Deren, dereń, and Dereń

Basque

Noun

deren

1. genitive indefinite of de

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch dēren, from Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːrə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de‧ren
• Rhymes: -eːrən

Verb

deren

1. (transitive) to harm

Inflection

Conjugation of deren (weak)
infinitive	deren
past singular	deerde
past participle	gedeerd
infinitive	deren
gerund	deren n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	deer	deerde
2nd person sing. (jij)	deert, deer2	deerde
2nd person sing. (u)	deert	deerde
2nd person sing. (gij)	deert	deerde
3rd person singular	deert	deerde
plural	deren	deerden
subjunctive sing.1	dere	deerde
subjunctive plur.1	deren	deerden
imperative sing.	deer
imperative plur.1	deert
participles	derend	gedeerd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Related terms

• deerlijk
• ongedeerd

Galician

Verb

deren

1. third-person plural future subjunctive of dar

German

Alternative forms

• dero

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːʁən/, /ˈdeːɐ̯n/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːʀən

Pronoun

deren (relative or demonstrative)

1. inflection of der:
   1. genitive feminine singular
   2. genitive plural
   3. (relative) whose, of which
   4. (demonstrative) her, their, the latter's

Usage notes

Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or hear dessen when deren would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since either of these forms is missing in some vernaculars.

General guidelines for derer vs. deren

Derer is used:

1) When following a noun

Programme, im Rahmen derer ― Programs, in the framework of which

2) When referring to a subject later in the sentence

Das Schicksal derer, die gelitten haben ― The fate of those who have suffered

Deren is used:

1) Before a noun

Kinder, deren Eltern getrennt leben ― Children whose parents live separately

Programme, in deren Rahmen ― Programs, in the framework of which

2) When used as a partitive genitive (such usage is often replaced by von denen or davon)

Es sind deren viele ― There are many of them

Zwei Schwestern, deren nur eine von der anderen weiß ― Two sisters, of whom only one knows of the other

Otherwise, both derer and deren are used.

Die Verbrechen, deren / derer sie beschuldigt wurde ― The crimes of which she was accused

Die Zeitspanne, außerhalb deren / derer ― The time span outside of which

When used in a series of nouns, deren refers back to the noun immediately proceeding it. Consider these sentences:

Sie haben ihre Freunde und ihren Sohn eingeladen.

They have invited their friends and their son.

vs.

Sie haben ihre Freunde und deren Sohn eingeladen.

They have invited their friends and their (friends') son.

The first sentence relates that the inviting family has a son; thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Ukrainian свій and Ukrainian possessive pronouns:

Вони запросили своїх друзів і свого сина.

vs.

Вони запросили своїх друзів і їхнього сина.

Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren younger also: derer	dessen	derer deren
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

Further reading

• “Demonstrativ­­pronomen: „deren“ oder „derer“?”, in Duden‎^[1], 2024 August (last accessed), archived from the original on 2021-10-21
• Dr. Bopp (2018) “Zwei Wörter, aufgrund deren/derer manche ins Zweifeln geraten”, in Leo (the blog)‎^[2] (in German), archived from the original on 2020-08-26, retrieved August 2024

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Verb

dēren

1. to harm, to hurt
2. to hurt emotionally
3. to damage

Inflection

Weak
Infinitive	dēren
3rd sg. past	—
3rd pl. past	—
Past participle	—
Infinitive	dēren
In genitive	dērens
In dative	dērene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	dēre	—
2nd singular	dēers, dēres	—
3rd singular	dēert, dēret	—
1st plural	dēren	—
2nd plural	dēert, dēret	—
3rd plural	dēren	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	dēre	—
2nd singular	dēers, dēres	—
3rd singular	dēre	—
1st plural	dēren	—
2nd plural	dēert, dēret	—
3rd plural	dēren	—
Imperative	Present
Singular	dēer, dēre
Plural	dēert, dēret
	Present	Past
Participle	dērende	—

Alternative forms

• dāren

Descendants

• Dutch: deren
• Limburgish: dere, dieëre

Further reading

• “deren (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “daren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page daren
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “deren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

Verb

deren

1. to harm, to hurt
   • Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible, early 12th century;

     Unson lichamen maht tu daren, the sielen solen zo genathen uaren.

     You can hurt our bodies, the souls will go to (the state of) grace.

2. to damage

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: deren
  • Dutch: deren
  • Limburgish: dere, dieëre

Further reading

• “deren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012