von
CimbrianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German von, from Old High German fon (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē. Cognate with German von.
PrepositionEdit
von
- (Sette Comuni, + dative) from, of
- Von bannont khèmmatar? ― Where do you come from?
- Von béeme piisto? ― Whose are you? (literally, “Of whom are you?”)
- 'S gaplèttarakh von dennàndarn tüut nia bóol.
- Other people's stuff is never good.
- (literally, “The stuff of others never does well.”)
Alternative formsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
ContractionEdit
von
- von + in, from the, of the
ReferencesEdit
- “bon” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Probably ultimately from a derivative of Latin avus, or a related term, possibly a diminutive. Compare Italian avo, avolo. Cf. also archaic Romanian bun (“grandfather”) (modern bunic), Calabrian Sicilian and Piedmontese bona (“grandmother”).
NounEdit
von m (plural vons)
- grandfather
- Synonym: nono
Related termsEdit
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German von (“from”), from Old High German fon, fona (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē (“from”), compound of *afa (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“from, off”)) + *ana (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on”)). Cognate with Old Saxon fana, fan (“from”), Dutch van (“from; of”), Old Frisian fon (“from”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
von (+ dative)
- from
- Ich fahre von Köln nach Hamburg.
- I'm travelling from Cologne to Hamburg.
- Ich hab’s von meiner Schwester gehört.
- I heard it from my sister.
- of, belonging to (often replacing genitive; see usage note below)
- das Auto meines Vaters = das Auto von meinem Vater ― my father’s car / the car of my father
- by (with passive voice)
- Synonym: durch
- Das Hotel wird von der Firma bezahlt.
- The hotel is paid for by the company.
- about, of (a topic)
- Er hat von seiner Jugend erzählt.
- He told about his youth.
- 1796, Abraham Sahlstedt, Schwedische Grammatik nach dem Sprachgebrauch unserer Zeiten, Lübeck & Leipzig, page 259:
- Von dem Nomine Substantivo, oder dem Hauptworte.
- About the substantive noun, or the [alternative term]. (headline)
- on, with (a resource)
- Von welchem Geld soll ich als Arbeitsloser in Urlaub fahren?
- Being unemployed, on what money should I go on holidays?
- Man kann nicht nur von Luft und Liebe leben.
- You can’t live on air and love alone. (proverb)
Usage notesEdit
- (from): English “from” is generally expressed by means of von, but aus is often used with words for settlements and territories (like Land, Stadt, Dorf, as well as geographical names). One uses von when both the places “from which” and “to which” are given: Dieser Zug fährt von Köln nach Hamburg. – “This train goes from Cologne to Hamburg.” If the further direction is not given, aus is the normal choice: Dieser Zug kommt aus Köln. – “This train is coming from Cologne.” The phrase: Dieser Zug kommt von Köln is not wrong but has a colloquial ring to it.
- (of): The preposition von is used to replace possessive and partitive genitives, sometimes also prepositions that govern the genitive. Such replacement can be obligatory, optional, or restricted to the colloquial register:
- It is obligatory if the genitive cannot be expressed grammatically, which is the case with common nouns not preceded by any declinable articles, determiners, or adjectives: die Rechte von Kindern (“children’s rights”); der Geschmack von Käse (“the taste of cheese”). This is also true of most singular, demonstrative pronouns and often true of all personal pronouns: der Geschmack von diesem (“the taste of this”); ein Freund von mir (“a friend of mine”); *ein Freund meiner is archaic in modern German.
- The replacement is optional in cases such as the following:
- 1.) with those pronouns that do have an applicable genitive form, chiefly plurals: die Arbeit vieler = die Arbeit von vielen (“the work of many”);
- 2.) with fixed genitive pronoun expressions such as unser aller or ihrer beider, for example: für unser aller Zukunft = für die Zukunft von uns allen (“for the future of us all”), or when selbst follows the personal pronoun in the sense of oneself: ein Teil meiner selbst = ein Teil von mir (selbst) (“a part of myself”);
- 3.) with the numeral genitives zweier and dreier (see the Declension sections of zwei and drei);
- 4.) with proper nouns, particularly geographical names: die Kirchen Roms = die Kirchen von Rom (“the churches of Rome”);
- 5.) with common nouns preceded only by an adjective: die Rechte kleiner Kinder = die Rechte von kleinen Kindern (“small children’s rights”).
- The replacement is colloquial in most other cases. Any possessive or partitive genitive can, per se, be replaced with a von-phrase, which is normal in speech, and virtually obligatory in colloquial speech. In formal writing, however, it is generally considered incorrect and unusual. This is one of the gravest grammatical differences between colloquial and literary German.
- In older usage, Latin nouns often occurred in the ablative case after von. This is now obsolete, Latin case inflections never being used in contemporary German (except the genitives of a few personal names).
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “von” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883), “von”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Of unknown origin.[1]
VerbEdit
von
- (transitive) to pull, draw, attract
- Synonym: húz
- Félrevonta a barátját. ― He/she drew/pulled his/her friend aside.
- Magához vonta a lányt. ― He drew/pulled her closer to himself.
- Magára vonta a tanára figyelmét. ― He drew/attracted his teacher’s attention.
- (transitive) to cover, envelop, enclose, encircle, surround
- Synonyms: fed, befed, beborít
- Csokoládéval vonta be a felszínét. ― She covered its surface with chocolate.
- Élőláncot vontak az épület köré. ― They formed a human chain around the building. (literally, “they enclosed the building with…”)
- A varázsló pajzsot vont maga köré. ― The wizard surrounded himself with a shield.
Usage notesEdit
Many terms formed with von are rendered in English with -tract, e.g. elvon (“to abstract”), összevon (“to contract”), levon (“to detract”), elvon (“to distract”), kivon (“to extract, subtract”), and visszavon (“to retract”).
ConjugationEdit
1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | vonok | vonsz | von | vonunk | vontok | vonnak |
Def. | vonom | vonod | vonja | vonjuk | vonjátok | vonják | ||
2nd-p. o. | vonlak | ― | ||||||
Past | Indef. | vontam | vontál | vont | vontunk | vontatok | vontak | |
Def. | vontam | vontad | vonta | vontuk | vontátok | vonták | ||
2nd-p. o. | vontalak | ― | ||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vonnék | vonnál | vonna | vonnánk | vonnátok | vonnának |
Def. | vonnám | vonnád | vonná | vonnánk (or vonnók) |
vonnátok | vonnák | ||
2nd-p. o. | vonnálak | ― | ||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vonjak | vonj or vonjál |
vonjon | vonjunk | vonjatok | vonjanak |
Def. | vonjam | vond or vonjad |
vonja | vonjuk | vonjátok | vonják | ||
2nd-p. o. | vonjalak | ― | ||||||
Infinitive | vonni | vonnom | vonnod | vonnia | vonnunk | vonnotok | vonniuk | |
Other nonfinite verb forms |
Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
vonás | vonó | vont | vonandó | vonva | vonhat |
Derived termsEdit
(With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Korean 원 (won, also 圓 in hanja), from Sinitic 圓/圆 (yuán, “circle” > “round coin”).
NounEdit
von
- won (currency)
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | von | vonok |
accusative | vont | vonokat |
dative | vonnak | vonoknak |
instrumental | vonnal | vonokkal |
causal-final | vonért | vonokért |
translative | vonná | vonokká |
terminative | vonig | vonokig |
essive-formal | vonként | vonokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vonban | vonokban |
superessive | vonon | vonokon |
adessive | vonnál | vonoknál |
illative | vonba | vonokba |
sublative | vonra | vonokra |
allative | vonhoz | vonokhoz |
elative | vonból | vonokból |
delative | vonról | vonokról |
ablative | vontól | vonoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
voné | vonoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
vonéi | vonokéi |
Possessive forms of von | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vonom | vonjaim |
2nd person sing. | vonod | vonjaid |
3rd person sing. | vonja | vonjai |
1st person plural | vonunk | vonjaink |
2nd person plural | vonotok | vonjaitok |
3rd person plural | vonjuk | vonjaik |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ von in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further readingEdit
- von in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse ván, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
von f (genitive singular vonar, nominative plural vonir)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- eiga von á (“to expect”)
- vongóður (“hopeful”)
- von bráðar (“soon”)
- til vonar og vara (“as a precaution”)
- ekki nema von (“no wonder!”)
- á dauða mínum átti ég von
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse ván, vón, ón, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
von f (definite singular vona, indefinite plural voner, definite plural vonene)
- hope
- expectation
- likelyhood, eventuality
- something that is showing promise
- (fishing) a place where one hopes to make a good catch
SynonymsEdit
- (hope): håp
Etymology 2Edit
From the Old Norse preposition án (“without”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
von (singular and plural von)
Etymology 3Edit
From German von. Doublet of van. The noun is derived from the preposition.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
von
NounEdit
von m (definite singular vonen, indefinite plural vonar, definite plural vonane)
Etymology 4Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
von
- imperative of vone
ReferencesEdit
- “von” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
SlovakEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъnъ.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
von
Further readingEdit
- von in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
von
AnagramsEdit
Vlax RomaniEdit
PronounEdit
von