jb

English

Noun

jb (usually uncountable, plural jbs)

Initialism of jailbait.

Anagrams

B.J., BJ, bj

Chinese

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jībā

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄅㄚ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jībā
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄅㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiba
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹-pa¹
  - Yale: jī-bā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiba
  - Palladius: цзиба (cziba)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

Noun

jb

Initialism of 雞巴 / 鸡巴 (jībā).

Egyptian

Other romanization schemes
Manuel de Codage	ib
Gardiner 1927	ꞽb
Erman & Grapow 1926	ꞽb
Lepsius 1874 (obsolete)	ȧb

Etymology 1

Speculatively, from Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. If so, perhaps cognate with Proto-Semitic *libb-^[1] and Proto-Berber *ulβ.

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jib/ → /jib/ → /ʔeb/ → /ʔep/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ib/
- Conventional anglicization: ib

Noun

m

heart (blood-pumping organ of a person or animal)
Synonym: ḥꜣtj
core, heart, center
mind; seat of thoughts, emotions, character, personality, etc.
Synonym: ḥꜣtj
- c. 1292-1189 BCE, (19th Dynasty), The Hymn to the Nile flood (Papyrus Chester Beatty V):^[2]^[3]
  
  smn mꜣꜥt m jbw rmṯ […]
  Truth is fixed in the minds of men […]
mental faculties
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:
  
  jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt
  Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
  so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Ptahhotep (pPrisse/pBN 186–194) line 5.1:
  
  jb tm.w nj sḫꜣ.n.f sf
  The mind is done with, not being able to remember yesterday.
intellect, understanding, mind, capacity for thought
- c. 1876 BCE, after year 2 of Amenemhat II, Stele of Wepwawetaa (Leiden V4/AP 63), line 6:
  
  jn jb.j sḫnt st.j
  It was my mind that advanced my position.
- c. 1391–1353 BCE, reign of Amenhotep III, Statue E of Amenhotep son of Hapu (Cairo CG 583 + 835), line 7:
  
  s[ḏ]m jb pw ḏꜥr.f zḥ ḫppwt mj ntj jb ḫft.s gm ṯz tj sw m gm-wš nb sꜣrt mḥ-jb jty
  He is one who listens to the mind^[4] when he investigates the counsel of strange things no less than that with which the mind accords, one who finds the expression when it is found blank, a possessor of wisdom, the confidant of the sovereign, […]
conscience, moral sense
intention, will

― jrj jb ― to do the will of

― n jb.f ― according to his wish
appetite; will or desire for gratification
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9:
  
  jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.w
  If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.11–1.12:
  
  ḫr (tw)r n(j) ḥr r dfꜣ jb jmꜣ n.f kꜣhs r mwt.f
  One who is averted of face against feeding the heart (i.e. one who doesn’t indulge himself), the harsh man has to be more kindly to him than his (own) mother.^[5]
mood, emotional state
- c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) lines 9.12–9.13:
  
  wn.jn ḥm.f jb.f wꜣ(.w) r ḏwt ḥr.s dḏ.jn ḏdj ptj jr.f pꜣ jb j (j)ty ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb nb.j
  Then, (as for) His Majesty, his mood fell into a bad state over this. Then Djedi said, Now what is this mood, O sovereign (life, prosperity, health!), my lord?
- c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) lines 12.20–12.22:
  
  gm.n.f rwd-ḏdt ḥms.tj tp.s ḥr mꜣst.s jb.s ḏw(.w) r ḫt nbt ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.n.f n.s ḥnwt.j jrr.t pꜣ jb ḥr mj
  He found Ruddjedet sitting, her head on her knees and her mood worse than anything. Then he said to her, My lady, why are you engaging in this mood?

Inflection

Declension of jb (masculine)
singular	jb
dual	jbwj
plural	jbw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb

jb

jꜣb

jjb

jb

[Old Kingdom]

[Greco-Roman Period]

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic: jb

Verb

2-lit.

(intransitive, with r) to wish to, to intend to (do something) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
- c. 1552 BCE, Kamose, Carnarvon Tablet I (Cairo JE 41790):
  
  jb.j r nḥm kmt ḥ(w)t ꜥꜣmw
  I intend to save Egypt and smite the Asiatics.
(intransitive, with r) to wish for, to want, to desire (something) [since Middle Kingdom literature]

Inflection

Conjugation of jb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: jb, geminated stem: jbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jb	jbw, jb	jbt	jb, j.jb	jb, j.jb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jb	ḥr jb	m jb	r jb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jb.n	jbw, jb	consecutive	jb.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jbt
perfective³	jb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jb, j.jb¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jb	jbb	potentialis¹	jb.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jb	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jb, j.jb¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jb	jbb, jbbj⁶, jb², jbw^{2 5}, jby^{2 5}
imperfective	j.jb¹, jb, jby, jbw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.jb¹, j.jbw^{1 5}, jb, jbj⁶, jby⁶	jb, jbw⁵
prospective	jb, jbtj⁷	—	jbtj⁴, jbt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to think, to suppose [since Middle Kingdom literature]
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 57–59:
  
  jb.kw wꜣw pw n(j) wꜣḏ-wr
  I thought, ‘It is a wave of the sea.’

Inflection

Conjugation of jb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: jb, geminated stem: jbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jb	jbw, jb	jbt	jb, j.jb	jb, j.jb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jb	ḥr jb	m jb	r jb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jb.n	jbw, jb	consecutive	jb.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jbt
perfective³	jb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jb, j.jb¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jb.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jb	jbb	potentialis¹	jb.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jb	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jb, j.jb¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jb	jbb, jbbj⁶, jb², jbw^{2 5}, jby^{2 5}
imperfective	j.jb¹, jb, jby, jbw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.jb¹, j.jbw^{1 5}, jb, jbj⁶, jby⁶	jb, jbw⁵
prospective	jb, jbtj⁷	—	jbtj⁴, jbt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb

jb

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ib/
- Conventional anglicization: ib

Noun

m

goat kid [Middle Kingdom literature and 18th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of jb (masculine)
singular	jb
dual	jbwj
plural	jbw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb

jb

[18th Dynasty]

from the tomb of Rekhmire

Descendants

Demotic: yb

Etymology 3

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perfective active participle of jbj (“to be(come) thirsty”).

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ib/
- Conventional anglicization: ib

Noun

m

thirsty man

Inflection

Declension of jb (masculine)
singular	jb
dual	jbwj
plural	jbw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb

jb

Descendants

Demotic: jb

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ib/
- Conventional anglicization: ib

Verb

3-lit.

Alternative form of jbꜣ (“to dance”) [18th Dynasty]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb

jb

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ib/
- Conventional anglicization: ib

Noun

m

Alternative form of jbw (“refuge”)

References

“jb (lemma ID 23290)”, “jb (lemma ID 23370)”, “jb (lemma ID 23340)”, and “jb (lemma ID 23360)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 59.10–60.13, 61.7, 61.11, 61.15
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 14–15
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 81, 166, 388, 456.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31
^ Helck, Wolfgang (1972) Der Text des “Nilhymnus”, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, Page 65
^ The Hymn to the Nile flood at Digital Egypt for Universities
^ The text is damaged here, and the correct reading is unclear. Besides sḏm jb, an interpretation as skm jb has also been suggested by Coulon, with the proposed meaning of ‘one with an accomplished or perfected mind’ (‘quelqu’un à l’esprit accompli’).
^ The beginning of this passage, encompassing the glyphs

, seems corrupt and has been emended in various ways. Gardiner takes it as an otherwise unattested word *ḫtr (“to be powerless”) and the entire passage as ḫtr.n ḥr r dfꜣ jb (“the face is powerless(?) over against one stolid(?)”). Allen restores it as ḫr twr, as given here, based on the determinatives (with the assumption that the scribe forgot a

). Lichtheim, following Feder, reads ḫrr (“gentle/meek”) and considers dfꜣ-jb to mean something like ‘timidity, slowness’, reading the whole as ‘He who is gentle, even timid…’.

[Loprieno-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31

[Helck-2] Helck, Wolfgang (1972) Der Text des “Nilhymnus”, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, Page 65

[3] The Hymn to the Nile flood at Digital Egypt for Universities

[4] The text is damaged here, and the correct reading is unclear. Besides sḏm jb, an interpretation as skm jb has also been suggested by Coulon, with the proposed meaning of ‘one with an accomplished or perfected mind’ (‘quelqu’un à l’esprit accompli’).

[5] The beginning of this passage, encompassing the glyphs

, seems corrupt and has been emended in various ways. Gardiner takes it as an otherwise unattested word *ḫtr (“to be powerless”) and the entire passage as ḫtr.n ḥr r dfꜣ jb (“the face is powerless(?) over against one stolid(?)”). Allen restores it as ḫr twr, as given here, based on the determinatives (with the assumption that the scribe forgot a

). Lichtheim, following Feder, reads ḫrr (“gentle/meek”) and considers dfꜣ-jb to mean something like ‘timidity, slowness’, reading the whole as ‘He who is gentle, even timid…’.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

jb

English

Noun

Anagrams

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Verb

Inflection

Verb

Inflection

Alternative forms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Alternative forms

Descendants

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Alternative forms

Descendants

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Verb

Alternative forms

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Noun

References