martyr

Contents

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English martir, from Old English martir, itself a borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

PronunciationEdit

• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/, [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)], [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)]
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/, [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ]
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mar‧tyr

NounEdit

martyr (plural martyrs)

1. One who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs; notably, saints canonized after martyrdom.

   Saint Stephen was the first Christian martyr.

2. (by extension) One who sacrifices his or her life, station, or something of great personal value, for the sake of principle or to sustain a cause.
3. (with a prepositional phrase of cause) One who suffers greatly and/or constantly, even involuntarily.

   Stan is a martyr to arthritis, Chris a martyr to Stan's endless moaning about it.

   • 1937, AJ Cronin, The Citadel:

     He'd been a martyr to asthma all his life.

SynonymsEdit

• shaheed, shahid

AntonymsEdit

• confessor

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from martyr

• martyr complex
• martyrdom
• martyress
• martyrial

• martyrish
• martyrizate
• martyrize
• martyrizer

• martyrless
• martyrly
• martyrolatry
• martyrship

Related termsEdit

Terms related to martyr

• martyrdom
• martyrion
• martyrium

• martyrologe
• martyrologue
• martyrology

• martyry
• protomartyr

TranslationsEdit

one willing to be killed for religion

• Arabic: شَهِيد‎‎ (ar) m (šahīd), شَهِيدَة‎‎ f (šahīda) (plural: شُهَدَاء‎‎ m pl (šuhadāʾ))
• Aramaic: ܣܗܕܐ‎‎ (sahdah)
• Armenian: մարտիրոս (hy) (martiros), նահատակ (hy) (nahatak), վկա (hy) (vka)
• Azerbaijani: şəhid (az)
• Bashkir: шаһит (šahit)
• Catalan: màrtir (ca) m, f
• Chechen: please add this translation if you can
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 烈士 (zh) (lièshì), 殉道者 (xùndàozhě)

• Czech: mučedník (cs) m
• Dutch: martelaar (nl) m, martelares f
• Erzya: майсиця (majsicja)
• Esperanto: martiro
• Estonian: märter
• Finnish: marttyyri (fi), shahid
• French: martyr (fr) m, chahîd m, chahid m
• Galician: mártir m, f
• Georgian: წამებული (c̣amebuli), მოწამე (moc̣ame), მარტვილი (marṭvili)
• German: Märtyrer (de) m, Märtyrerin (de) f
• Greek: μάρτυρας (el) m, f (mártyras)
• Hebrew: שהיד‎‎ (he) m
• Hindi: शहीद (hi) m (śahīd), शहीदा f (śahīdā)
• Hungarian: mártír (hu), vértanú (hu)
• Icelandic: píslarvottur m
• Indonesian: syahid (id)
• Italian: martire (it) m
• Japanese: 殉教者 (じゅんきょうしゃ, junkyōsha), シャヒード (shahīdo)
• Kazakh: шаһид (şahïd), шейіт (şeyit)

• Korean: 순교자 (sun-gyoja), 샤히드 (syahideu)
• Kumyk: шагьит (şahit)
• Kurdish: şehîd (ku)
• Malay: syahid
• Maori: matira
• Norman: martyr m
• Norwegian: martyr (no) m
• Ottoman Turkish: شهید‎‎
• Persian: شهید‎‎ (fa) (šahid)
• Polish: męczennik (pl) m pers
• Portuguese: mártir (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹੀਦ (pa) (śahīd)
• Romanian: mucenic (ro)
• Russian: му́ченик (ru) m (múčenik), му́ченица (ru) f (múčenica), шахи́д (ru) m (šaxíd), шахи́дка (ru) f (šaxídka)
• Scottish Gaelic: martair m
• Serbo-Croatian: мученик m, mučenik (sh) m, шехид m (Islam), šehid m (Islam)
• Spanish: mártir (es) m
• Swedish: martyr (sv) c
• Tajik: шаҳид (šahid)
• Turkish: şehit (tr), gazi (tr), şehitler pl, gaziler pl, mücahit (tr), mücahid (tr)
• Turkmen: şahit
• Urdu: شہید‎‎ m (šahīd)
• Uzbek: shahid (uz)
• Volapük: (♂♀) martüran (vo), (♂) himartüran (vo), (♀) jimartüran (vo)
• Welsh: merthyr (cy) m
• Zazaki: şehid, şehîd

one who sacrifices their life for an important cause

• Armenian: նահատակ (hy) (nahatak)
• Catalan: màrtir (ca) m, f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 烈士 (zh) (lièshì)

• Dutch: martelaar (nl) m
• Estonian: märter
• Finnish: marttyyri (fi)
• French: martyr (fr) m
• Greek: μάρτυρας (el) m, f (mártyras)
• Hungarian: mártír (hu), vértanú (hu)
• Italian: martire (it) m
• Japanese: 殉教者 (じゅんきょうしゃ, junkyōsha)

• Norwegian: martyr (no) m
• Persian: شهید‎‎ (fa) (shahid)
• Polish: męczennik (pl) m pers
• Portuguese: mártir (pt) m
• Romanian: martir (ro)
• Russian: му́ченик (ru) m (múčenik), му́ченица (ru) f (múčenica)
• Scottish Gaelic: martair m
• Serbo-Croatian: мученик m, mučenik (sh) m
• Spanish: mártir (es) m
• Swedish: martyr (sv) c
• Turkish: şehit (tr)
• Welsh: merthyr (cy) m

one who suffers greatly, even involuntarily

• Catalan: màrtir (ca) m, f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 受難者 (zh), 受难者 (zh) (shòunànzhě)

• Dutch: martelaar (nl) m
• Estonian: märter
• Finnish: uhri (fi)
• French: martyr (fr) m
• Greek: μάρτυρας (el) m, f (mártyras)
• Hungarian: mártír (hu)

• Italian: martire (it)
• Japanese: 受難者 (junansha)
• Norwegian: martyr (no) m
• Portuguese: mártir (pt) m
• Russian: му́ченик (ru) m (múčenik), му́ченица (ru) f (múčenica), страда́лец (ru) m (stradálec), страда́лица (ru) f (stradálica)
• Scottish Gaelic: martair m
• Spanish: mártir (es) m
• Swedish: martyr (sv) c
• Turkish: mücahit (tr), mücahitler pl

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French: ^{(please verify)} martyr (fr) m, ^{(please verify)} martyre (fr) f
• German: ^{(please verify)} Märtyrer (de) m
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} martyr
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 순교자 (sun-gyoja)
• Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} şehîd (ku)
• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} martyr (no) m
• Persian: ^{(please verify)} شهید‎‎ (fa) (šahid)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} мученик m

  Roman: ^{(please verify)} mučenik (sh) m

• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} mučenik (sh) m
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} mučenik (sh) m, ^{(please verify)} šehit (sh) m
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} martyr (sv)
• Urdu: ^{(please verify)} شہید‎‎ m (šahīd)
• Volapük: ^{(please verify)} martüran (vo)

VerbEdit

martyr (third-person singular simple present martyrs, present participle martyring, simple past and past participle martyred)

1. (transitive) To make someone into a martyr by putting him or her to death for adhering to, or acting in accordance with, some belief, especially religious; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession.
2. (transitive) To persecute.

   Some religious and other minorities were martyred until extinction.

3. (transitive) To torment; to torture.

   The lovely Amoret, whose gentle heart

   Thou martyrest with sorrow and with smart. — Spenser

SynonymsEdit

• martyrize

Derived termsEdit

• martyrer

TranslationsEdit

to make someone a martyr

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 使殉难, 处死 (zh)

• Finnish: tehdä (jostakin) marttyyri (fi)
• French: martyriser (fr)

• Polish: zadać męczeńską śmierć
• Portuguese: martirizar (pt)
• Romanian: martiriza (ro)

persecute — see persecute

torture — see torture

ReferencesEdit

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DanishEdit

NounEdit

martyr c (singular definite martyren, plural indefinite martyrer)

1. martyr

DeclensionEdit

Declension of martyr

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	martyr	martyren	martyrer	martyrerne
genitive	martyrs	martyrens	martyrers	martyrernes

ReferencesEdit

• “martyr” in Den Danske Ordbog

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FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /maʁ.tiʁ/

• Audio

  (file)

NounEdit

martyr m (plural martyrs, feminine martyre)

1. martyr

Related termsEdit

• martyre

Further readingEdit

• “martyr” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

PronunciationEdit

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.tyr/, [ˈmar.tʏr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmar.tir/

NounEdit

martyr m, f (genitive martyris); third declension

1. (Ecclesiastical Latin) martyr, especially a Christian martyr

InflectionEdit

Third declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	martyr	martyrēs
genitive	martyris	martyrum
dative	martyrī	martyribus
accusative	martyrem	martyrēs
ablative	martyre	martyribus
vocative	martyr	martyrēs

Related termsEdit

• martyrium

DescendantsEdit

• → Danish: martyr
• → Dutch: martelaar
• → Estonian: märter
• → Finnish: marttyyri
• → German: Märtyrer
• → Hungarian: mártír
• Lombard: màrtul
• → Norwegian: martyr
• Old French: martire
  • French: martyr
  • Middle English: martir
    • Scots: mairtyr
    • English: martyr
      • → Maori: matira
  • Norman: martyr
• Old Italian: martore
  • Italian: martire
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: màrtir
• Old Portuguese:
  • Galician: mártir
  • Portuguese: mártir
• Romanian: martor
• Sardinian: màrturu
• → Scottish Gaelic: martair
• Spanish: mártir
  • → Tagalog: martir
• → Swedish: martyr

ReferencesEdit

• martyr in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• martyr in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

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NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

NounEdit

martyr m (plural martyrs)

1. (religion) martyr

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Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

NounEdit

martyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrer, definite plural martyrene)

1. martyr

Related termsEdit

• martre
• martyrdød
• martyrium

ReferencesEdit

• “martyr” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

NounEdit

martyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrar, definite plural martyrane)

1. martyr

Related termsEdit

• martyrdød
• martyrium

ReferencesEdit

• “martyr” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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SwedishEdit

PronunciationEdit

• Rhymes: -yːr

NounEdit

martyr c

1. martyr

DeclensionEdit

Declension of martyr
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	martyr	martyren	martyrer	martyrerna
Genitive	martyrs	martyrens	martyrers	martyrernas

Related termsEdit

• martyrskap