neon

See also: Neon, neón, néon, and néón

English

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluorine (F)
Next: sodium (Na)

A neon sign for a restaurant called Pappasito's Cantina in Houston, Texas, USA

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos, “new”), from earlier *νέϝος (*néwos), from Proto-Hellenic *newos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

Pronunciation

• enPR: nē'ŏn, IPA^(key): /ˈni.ɒn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɒn
• Hyphenation: ne‧on

Noun

neon (countable and uncountable, plural neons)

2. (uncountable) The chemical element (symbol Ne) with an atomic number of 10. The second of the noble gases, it is a colourless, odorless inert gas.
3. (countable) A form or sample of the element.
4. (countable, uncountable) Neon signs or lights, collectively.
   • 2009, Jason Syner, How to Install Automotive Mobile Electronic Systems, page 27:

     Neons and LED lighting can be controlled by remotes.

5. (countable) A neon tetra fish.

Derived terms

terms derived from neon

• neon-20
• neon-21
• neon-22
• neon fish
• neon lamp
• neon light
• neon lighting
• neon sign
• neon tetra

 

Translations

element

• Afrikaans: neon (af)
• Albanian: neon (sq)
• Arabic: نِيُون‎ (ar) m (niyūn)
• Armenian: նեոն (hy) (neon)
• Asturian: neón (ast)
• Basque: neona
• Belarusian: нео́н m (njeón)
• Bengali: নিয়ন (niẏon)
• Breton: neon m
• Bulgarian: нео́н m (neón)
• Catalan: neó (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 氖 (zh) (nǎi)

  Min Nan: ne

• Chuvash: неон (neon)
• Cornish: neon
• Corsican: neone
• Czech: neon (cs) m
• Danish: neon (da) n
• Dutch: neon (nl) n
• Esperanto: neono (eo)
• Estonian: neoon (et)
• Faroese: neon n
• Finnish: neon (fi)
• French: néon (fr) m
• Friulian: neon
• Galician: neon (gl)
• Georgian: ნეონი (neoni)
• German: Neon (de) n
• Greek: νέον (el) n (néon)
• Haitian Creole: neyon
• Hawaiian: nīane
• Hindi: शिथिराति (śithirāti)
• Hungarian: neon (hu)
• Icelandic: neon (is) n
• Ido: neono (io)
• Indonesian: neon (id)
• Interlingua: neon
• Irish: neon (ga) m
• Italian: neon (it) m, neo (it) m
• Japanese: ネオン (ja) (neon)
• Javanese: neon
• Kannada: ನಿಯಾನ್ (niyān)
• Kashubian: néón m
• Kazakh: неон (kk) (neon)
• Khmer: នេអុង (neiong)
• Korean: 네온 (ko) (ne'on)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: neon (ku)

• Latin: neon (la)
• Latvian: neons m
• Lithuanian: neonas (lt)
• Low German: neon
• Luxembourgish: Neon
• Macedonian: неон (neon)
• Malay: neon (ms)
• Malayalam: നിയോൺ (niyōṇ)
• Maltese: neon
• Manx: neion
• Maori: haukura
• Marathi: नियॉन (niyŏn)
• Mongolian: неон (mn) (neon)
• Nahuatl: yancuīquehēcatl
• Navajo: níłchʼi łitsxooí
• Newar: नियोन (niyona)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: neon (no) n

  Nynorsk: neon (nn) n

• Persian: نئون‎ (fa)
• Polish: neon (pl) m
• Portuguese: néon (pt) m (Portugal), neônio (pt) m (Brazil)
• Quechua: niyun
• Romanian: neon (ro) n
• Russian: нео́н (ru) m (neón)
• Scottish Gaelic: neon
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: неон m

  Roman: neon (sh) m

• Slovak: neón (sk) m
• Slovene: néon (sl) m
• Spanish: neón (es) m
• Swahili: neoni
• Swedish: neon (sv) n
• Tajik: неон (neon)
• Tamil: நியான் (ta) (niyāṉ), ஒளிரியம் (oḷiriyam)
• Thai: นีออน (th) (nii-ɔɔn)
• Turkish: neon (tr)
• Ukrainian: нео́н m (neón)
• Urdu: نیون‎
• Uzbek: neon (uz), неон (uz) (neon)
• Vietnamese: neon (vi), nê-ông (vi)
• Welsh: neon (cy)
• West Frisian: neon
• Yiddish: נעאָן‎ m (neon)

neon signs

• Bulgarian: нео́н m (neón)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 霓虹 (zh) (níhóng), 霓虹燈／霓虹灯 (zh) (níhóngdēng)

• Irish: neon (ga) m
• Japanese: ネオン (ja) (neon)
• Russian: нео́н (ru) m (neón)
• Thai: ป้ายนีออน (bpâai neeon)

neon tetra

• Bulgarian: нео́нова те́тра f (neónova tétra)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} נאון‎ (he), ^{(please verify)} ניאון‎ (niyon)

Adjective

neon (not comparable)

1. (of a color) That resembles a neon light; extremely bright; fluorescent

Translations

extremely bright; fluorescent

• Bulgarian: неонов (neonov)
• Irish: gléineach, lonrach

References

• Neon on the British Royal Society of Chemistry's online periodic table

Anagrams

• none

Afrikaans

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluoor (F)
Next: natrium (Na)

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ne‧on

Noun

neon (uncountable)

1. neon

Hypernyms

• edelgas

Basque

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: sodio (Na)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neon/, [ne̞.õ̞n]

Noun

neon inan

1. neon

Declension

Declension of neon (inanimate, singular only, ending in consonant)

	indefinite	singular
absolutive	neon	neona
ergative	—	neonak
dative	—	neonari
genitive	—	neonaren
comitative	—	neonarekin
causative	—	neonarengatik
benefactive	—	neonarentzat
instrumental	neonez	neonaz
inessive	—	neonean
locative	—	—
allative	—	—
terminative	—	—
directive	—	—
destinative	—	—
ablative	—	—
partitive	neonik	—
prolative	neontzat	—

Noun

neon inan

1. neon sign

Declension

Declension of neon (inanimate, ending in consonant)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	neon	neona	neonak
ergative	neonek	neonak	neonek
dative	neoni	neonari	neonei
genitive	neonen	neonaren	neonen
comitative	neonekin	neonarekin	neonekin
causative	neonengatik	neonarengatik	neonengatik
benefactive	neonentzat	neonarentzat	neonentzat
instrumental	neonez	neonaz	neonez
inessive	neonetan	neonean	neonetan
locative	neonetako	neoneko	neonetako
allative	neonetara	neonera	neonetara
terminative	neonetaraino	neoneraino	neonetaraino
directive	neonetarantz	neonerantz	neonetarantz
destinative	neonetarako	neonerako	neonetarako
ablative	neonetatik	neonetik	neonetatik
partitive	neonik	—	—
prolative	neontzat	—	—

Further reading

• "neon" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus

Czech

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: sodík (Na)

Alternative forms

• neón

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛon]
• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛoːn]
• Hyphenation: neon

Noun

neon m inan

1. neon

Declension

Declension of neon (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	neon	neony
genitive	neonu	neonů
dative	neonu	neonům
accusative	neon	neony
vocative	neone	neony
locative	neonu	neonech
instrumental	neonem	neony

Danish

Noun

neon

1. neon

Dutch

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: natrium (Na)

Etymology

Borrowed from English neon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈneː.ɔn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ne‧on
• Rhymes: -eːɔn

Noun

neon n (uncountable)

1. neon

Derived terms

• neongas
• neonlamp
• neonlicht
• neonreclame

Anagrams

• none

Faroese

Etymology

From Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos, “new”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈneːɔn/

Noun

chemical element

Ne	Previous:	fluor
	Next:	natrium

neon n (genitive singular neons, uncountable)

1. neon

Declension

Declension of neon (singular only)
n3s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	neon	neonið
accusative	neon	neonið
dative	neoni	neoninum
genitive	neons	neonsins

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English neon), ultimately from Ancient Greek νέον (néon).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈneon/, [ˈne̞o̞n]
• Rhymes: -eon
• Syllabification^(key): ne‧on

Noun

chemical element

Ne	Previous:	fluori
	Next:	natrium

neon

1. neon

Declension

Inflection of neon (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		neon	neonit
genitive		neonin	neonien
partitive		neonia	neoneja
illative		neoniin	neoneihin
		singular	plural
nominative		neon	neonit
accusative	nom.	neon	neonit
	gen.	neonin
genitive		neonin	neonien
partitive		neonia	neoneja
inessive		neonissa	neoneissa
elative		neonista	neoneista
illative		neoniin	neoneihin
adessive		neonilla	neoneilla
ablative		neonilta	neoneilta
allative		neonille	neoneille
essive		neonina	neoneina
translative		neoniksi	neoneiksi
instructive		—	neonein
abessive		neonitta	neoneitta
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of neon (type risti)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative neonini neonini accusative nom. neonini neonini gen. neonini genitive neonini neonieni partitive neoniani neonejani inessive neonissani neoneissani elative neonistani neoneistani illative neoniini neoneihini adessive neonillani neoneillani ablative neoniltani neoneiltani allative neonilleni neoneilleni essive neoninani neoneinani translative neonikseni neoneikseni instructive — — abessive neonittani neoneittani comitative — neoneineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative neonisi neonisi accusative nom. neonisi neonisi gen. neonisi genitive neonisi neoniesi partitive neoniasi neonejasi inessive neonissasi neoneissasi elative neonistasi neoneistasi illative neoniisi neoneihisi adessive neonillasi neoneillasi ablative neoniltasi neoneiltasi allative neonillesi neoneillesi essive neoninasi neoneinasi translative neoniksesi neoneiksesi instructive — — abessive neonittasi neoneittasi comitative — neoneinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative neonimme neonimme accusative nom. neonimme neonimme gen. neonimme genitive neonimme neoniemme partitive neoniamme neonejamme inessive neonissamme neoneissamme elative neonistamme neoneistamme illative neoniimme neoneihimme adessive neonillamme neoneillamme ablative neoniltamme neoneiltamme allative neonillemme neoneillemme essive neoninamme neoneinamme translative neoniksemme neoneiksemme instructive — — abessive neonittamme neoneittamme comitative — neoneinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative neoninne neoninne accusative nom. neoninne neoninne gen. neoninne genitive neoninne neonienne partitive neonianne neonejanne inessive neonissanne neoneissanne elative neonistanne neoneistanne illative neoniinne neoneihinne adessive neonillanne neoneillanne ablative neoniltanne neoneiltanne allative neonillenne neoneillenne essive neoninanne neoneinanne translative neoniksenne neoneiksenne instructive — — abessive neonittanne neoneittanne comitative — neoneinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative neoninsa neoninsa accusative nom. neoninsa neoninsa gen. neoninsa genitive neoninsa neoniensa partitive neoniaan neoniansa neonejaan neonejansa inessive neonissaan neonissansa neoneissaan neoneissansa elative neonistaan neonistansa neoneistaan neoneistansa illative neoniinsa neoneihinsa adessive neonillaan neonillansa neoneillaan neoneillansa ablative neoniltaan neoniltansa neoneiltaan neoneiltansa allative neonilleen neonillensa neoneilleen neoneillensa essive neoninaan neoninansa neoneinaan neoneinansa translative neonikseen neoniksensa neoneikseen neoneiksensa instructive — — abessive neonittaan neonittansa neoneittaan neoneittansa comitative — neoneineen neoneinensa

Anagrams

• enon, noen

Galician

Noun

neon m (uncountable)

1. neon

Further reading

• “neon” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Hungarian

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: nátrium (Na)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛon]
• Hyphenation: ne‧on
• Rhymes: -on

Noun

neon (usually uncountable, plural neonok)

1. neon (chemical element)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	neon	neonok
accusative	neont	neonokat
dative	neonnak	neonoknak
instrumental	neonnal	neonokkal
causal-final	neonért	neonokért
translative	neonná	neonokká
terminative	neonig	neonokig
essive-formal	neonként	neonokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	neonban	neonokban
superessive	neonon	neonokon
adessive	neonnál	neonoknál
illative	neonba	neonokba
sublative	neonra	neonokra
allative	neonhoz	neonokhoz
elative	neonból	neonokból
delative	neonról	neonokról
ablative	neontól	neonoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	neoné	neonoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	neonéi	neonokéi

Possessive forms of neon
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	neonom	neonjaim
2nd person sing.	neonod	neonjaid
3rd person sing.	neonja	neonjai
1st person plural	neonunk	neonjaink
2nd person plural	neonotok	neonjaitok
3rd person plural	neonjuk	neonjaik

Derived terms

Compound words

• neonreklám
• neonvilágítás

 

Further reading

• neon in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: flúor (F)
Next: natrín (Na)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos, “new”), from earlier *νέϝος (*néwos), from Proto-Hellenic *newos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

Noun

neon n (genitive singular neons, no plural)

1. neon

Declension

declension of neon

n-s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	neon	neonið
accusative	neon	neonið
dative	neoni	neoninu
genitive	neons	neonsins

Derived terms

• neonljós

Further reading

• “neon” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

Italian

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluoro (F)
Next: sodio (Na)

Alternative forms

• neo (obsolete)

Etymology

From New Latin neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter form of νέος (néos, “new”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɛ.on/
• Rhymes: -ɛon
• Hyphenation: nè‧on

Noun

neon m (invariable)

1. (chemistry) neon

Derived terms

• lampada al neon

Anagrams

• enno, none, onne

Japanese

Romanization

neon

1. Rōmaji transcription of ネオン

Latin

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluorum (F)
Next: natrium (Na)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter form of νέος (néos, “new”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈne.on/, [ˈneɔn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈne.on/, [ˈnɛːon]

• Audio (ecclesiastical)

  (file)

Noun

neon n (genitive neī); second declension

1. (New Latin) neon

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	neon	nea
Genitive	neī	neōrum
Dative	neō	neīs
Accusative	neon	nea
Ablative	neō	neīs
Vocative	neon	nea

Limburgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈneː˦jɔ˧n]

Noun

neon n

1. (uncountable) neon
2. A part of neon

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Malay

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluorin (F)
Next: natrium (Na)

Alternative forms

• نيون‎

Etymology

From English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neɔn/
• Rhymes: -ɔn

Noun

neon (Jawi spelling نيون)

1. neon (chemical element)

Maltese

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluworu (F)
Next: sodju (Na)

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian neon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɛː.ɔn/

Noun

neon m

1. (chemistry) neon

Northern Sami

Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian neon.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈneːon/

Noun

nēon

1. neon

Inflection

Odd, no gradation
Nominative	nēon
Genitive	nēona
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	nēon	nēonat
Accusative	nēona	nēoniid
Genitive	nēona	nēoniid
Illative	nēonii	nēoniidda
Locative	nēonis	nēoniin
Comitative	nēoniin	nēoniiguin
Essive	nēonin
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person nēonan nēoneamẹ nēoneamẹt 2nd person nēonat nēoneattẹ nēoneattẹt 3rd person nēonis nēoneaskkạ nēoneasẹt

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek νέον (néon).

Noun

neon n (definite singular neonet, uncountable)

1. neon (chemical element with the symbol Ne)

Derived terms

• neonlys

References

• “neon” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “neon” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• -onen, noen, none, onne

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek νέον (néon).

Noun

neon n (definite singular neonet, uncountable)

1. neon (chemical element with the symbol Ne)

Derived terms

• neonlys

References

• “neon” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

neon m (uncountable)

1. neon

Polish

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: sód (Na)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɛ.ɔn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛɔn
• Syllabification: ne‧on

Noun

neon m inan

1. neon
2. neon sign, as used on buildings for advertising shops

Declension

Declension of neon

	singular	plural
nominative	neon	neony
genitive	neonu	neonów
dative	neonowi	neonom
accusative	neon	neony
instrumental	neonem	neonami
locative	neonie	neonach
vocative	neonie	neony

Noun

neon m anim

1. tetra, some fish of genus Paracheirodon

Declension

Declension of neon

	singular	plural
nominative	neon	neony
genitive	neona	neonów
dative	neonowi	neonom
accusative	neona	neony
instrumental	neonem	neonami
locative	neonie	neonach
vocative	neonie	neony

Further reading

• neon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• neon in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

neon m (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of néon

Romanian

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: sodiu, natriu (Na)

Etymology

Borrowed from French néon, from English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos, “new”), from earlier *νέϝος (*néwos), from Proto-Hellenic *newos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neˈon/
• Hyphenation: ne‧on

Noun

neon n (uncountable)

1. neon (chemical element)

Declension

declension of neon (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) neon	neonul
genitive/dative	(unui) neon	neonului
vocative	neonule

References

• neon in DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Serbo-Croatian

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: natrijum, nȃtrīj (S)

Etymology

From New Latin neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ně̞o̞ːn/
• Hyphenation: ne‧on

Noun

nèōn m (Cyrillic spelling нѐо̄н)

1. neon

Declension

Declension of neon

	singular	plural
nominative	nèōn	neoni
genitive	neóna	neona
dative	neonu	neonima
accusative	neon	neone
vocative	neone	neoni
locative	neonu	neonima
instrumental	neonom	neonima

References

• “neon” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: flúor (F)
Next: nátrij (Na)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /néːɔn/

Noun

nẹ̑on m inan

1. neon

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nominative	néon
genitive	néona
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	néon
genitive (rodȋlnik)	—
dative (dajȃlnik)	—
accusative (tožȋlnik)	—
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	néonu
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	néonom

Further reading

• “neon”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fluor (F)
Next: natrium (Na)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɛˈoːn/

Noun

neon n (uncountable)

1. neon

Declension

Declension of neon
	Uncountable
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	neon	neonet	—	—
Genitive	neons	neonets	—	—

Turkish

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: flor (F)
Next: sodyum (Na)

Etymology

Borrowed from French néon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɛon]
• Hyphenation: ne‧on

Noun

neon (definite accusative neonu, plural neonlar)

1. neon (chemical element)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	neon
Definite accusative	neonu
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	neon	neonlar
Definite accusative	neonu	neonları
Dative	neona	neonlara
Locative	neonda	neonlarda
Ablative	neondan	neonlardan
Genitive	neonun	neonların

Venetian

Noun

neon m (invariable)

1. neon

Vietnamese

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: flo (F)
Next: natri (Na)

Alternative forms

• nê-ông

Etymology

From French néon, from New Latin neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ne˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [nej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [nej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]
• Phonetic: nê ông

Noun

neon

1. neon (element)

Welsh

Chemical element
Ne
Previous: fflworin (F)
Next: sodiwm (Na)

Etymology

From English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon), neuter of νέος (néos, “new”), from earlier *νέϝος (*néwos), from Proto-Hellenic *newos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈneː.ɔn/
• Rhymes: -eːɔn

Noun

neon m (uncountable, not mutable)

1. neon

Derived terms

• arwydd neon (“neon sign”)
• golau neon (“neon light”)
• lamp neon (“neon lamp”)

 

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “neon”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies