Wiktionary

orc

See also: ORC and Orc

English Edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Middle French orque, Italian orca, and their source, Latin orca (“type of whale”). Doublet of orca.

Noun Edit

orc (plural orcs)

  1. (archaic) Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale. [from 16th c.]
Translations Edit
Orcinus orca — see orca

Etymology 2 Edit

 
Savage orc

Probably from Italian orco (“man-eating giant”); later revived by J. R. R. Tolkien, partly after Old English orc, which he took to mean "demon". Both are from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”). Doublet of ogre.

Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian орк (ork, “evil monstrous humanoid creature; orc”) оr Russian орк (ork), both from the English word and possibly under the influence of Russian у́рка (úrka, “prison slang for 'criminal'”). Popularized in English in 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Noun Edit

orc (plural orcs)

  1. (fantasy, mythology) A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green. [from 17th c.]
    Hypernym: greenskin
    • 1656, Samuel Holland, Don Zara del Fogo, I.1:
      Who at one stroke didst pare away three heads from off the shoulders of an Orke, begotten by an Incubus.
    • 1834, "The National Fairy Mythology of England" in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, Vol. 10, p. 53:
      The chief exploit of the hero, Beowulf the Great, is the destruction of the two monsters Grendel and his mother; both like most of the evil beings in the old times, dwellers in the fens and the waters; and both, moreover, as some Christian bard has taken care to inform us, of "Cain's kin," as were also the eotens, and the elves, and the orcs (eótenas, and ylfe, and orcneas).
    • 1954, JRR Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring:
      There was a flash like flame and the helm burst asunder. The orc fell with cloven head.
  3. (slang, derogatory) A Russian soldier or gangster.
    • 2015, Andrew Wilson, The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation, page 354:
      Ukranians themselves, including those on the right, preferred to call the events the 'Revolution of Dignity', depicted not in terms of ethnicity or class, but in simple civic black and white – a revolution of the people against Yanukovych's 'Mordor' and his 'Orcs'.
    • 2022 March 1, Bruno Maçães, “Europe’s Illusion of Peace Has Been Irrevocably Shattered”, in Time:
      And now we must watch the old world go up in flames, in the mad spectacle of Putin’s orcs descending upon Kyiv to execute his macabre plan.
    • 2022 July 25, Michael Wasiura, “Belarusian Exiles Join Ukrainians in Taking Up Arms Against Russia”, in Newsweek‎[2], retrieved 2022-07-25:
      Plenty of Belarusian exiles have gone to Europe, but if you run West, then the Orcs [a Ukrainian slang term for "Russian soldiers"] will just follow you there. It's better to risk your life as a free person than to keep running.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:orc.
Derived terms Edit
Derived terms
Descendants Edit

Some listed may be semantic loans.

  • → Catalan: orc
  • → Czech: ork
  • → Danish: ork
  • → Dutch: ork
  • → Estonian: örk
  • → Finnish: örkki
  • → French: orc
  • → Georgian: ორკი (orḳi)
  • → Greek: ορκ (ork)
  • → Hungarian: ork
  • → Icelandic: orki
  • → Japanese: オーク (ōku)
  • → Korean: 오크 (okeu)
  • → Latvian: orks
  • → Lithuanian: orkas
  • → Marathi: ऑर्क (ŏrka)
  • → Norwegian: ork, orc
  • → Polish: ork
  • → Portuguese: orc
  • → Romanian: orc
  • → Russian: орк (ork)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: ork / орк
  • → Swedish: ork
  • → Ukrainian: орк (ork)
Translations Edit
See also Edit

Anagrams Edit

Catalan Edit

Noun Edit

orc m (plural orcs)

  1. an orc

Old English Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From Proto-West Germanic *ork.

Noun Edit

orc m (nominative plural orcas)

  1. cup, tankard
Declension Edit
Declension of orc (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative orc orcas
accusative orc orcas
genitive orces orca
dative orce orcum

Etymology 2 Edit

From Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”).

Noun Edit

orc m

  1. hell
  2. a demon
Usage notes Edit
  • The sense "demon" is uncertain. Two ambiguous occurrences of orc, one in the plural compound word orcneas in Beowulf (singular orcné, where *né means "corpse", as in dryhtné) and the other in a glossary which glosses Latin Orcus as "orc. þyrs ꝉ hel deofol", have been interpreted to mean "demon" (including by the OED), and Tolkien held this interpretation when he revived the word with a similar sense in modern English, matching some of the Romance descendants of Orcus. However, it has been argued that this is a misunderstanding and that both instances are of the other sense, "hell".[1][2]
Declension Edit
Declension of orc (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative orc orcas
accusative orc orcas
genitive orces orca
dative orce orcum
Derived terms Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Bosworth-Toller lists only the sense "underworld", not "demon", and interprets the glossary entry as "orcþyrs [oþþe] heldeófol" a statement that Orcus is the god/þyrs/deofol of orc ("hell")

Old Irish Edit

Etymology Edit

From Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos. Cognate with Latin porcus and English farrow.

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

orc m

  1. piglet
    Synonym: banb

Declension Edit

Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative orc orcL oircL
Vocative oirc orcL orcuH
Accusative orcN orcL orcuH
Genitive oircL orc orcN
Dative orcL orcaib orcaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants Edit

Mutation Edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
orc unchanged n-orc
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References Edit

Portuguese Edit

Etymology Edit

Unadapted borrowing from English orc.

Pronunciation Edit

 

Noun Edit

orc m (plural orcs)

  1. (fantasy) orc (evil, monstrous humanoid creature)
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