English

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Etymology

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The periodic table of the elements. See Appendix:Chemical elements.

The table is termed “periodic” because it follows the periodic law – when chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar properties recur at intervals.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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periodic table (plural periodic tables)

  1. (chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).
    • 1903 March 26, William Ramsay, “[Societies and Academies. London.] An Attempt to Estimate the Relative Amounts of Krypton and of Xenon in Atmospheric Air.”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 67, number 1746, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 16 April 1903, →OCLC, page 573, column 2:
      The atomic weight of krypton would accordingly be 81.62; the mean of former determinations is 81.28. This is in accordance with its position in the periodic table, which lies between bromine, 80, and rubidium, 85.
    • 1924, Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, Henry Stephens Washington, “Evolution of the Elements”, in The Composition of the Earth’s Crust (United States Geological Survey Professional Paper; 127), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, pages 107–108:
      Silica and alumina are distinctly the most abundant and characteristic petrogenic constituents, and with them are most frequently associated those elements toward the extreme petrogenic end of the periodic table, especially potassium, sodium, and calcium in the order named; and these elements are associated with each other.
    • 1977 June, George N. Bowers, “Introduction—The Gallium Melting-point Standard: A New Fixed Point to Assure the Accuracy of Temperature Measurements in the Clinical Laboratory”, in B[illy] W[ilson] Mangum, D[onald] D. Thornton, editors, The Gallium Melting-point Standard (National Bureau of Standards Special Publication; 481), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 709, column 1:
      Gallium, the 32nd most abundant element in the earth's crust, is a silver-grey metal, widely distributed in trace amounts in many rocks and ores. Its name, gallium (Lat., gallia, France), honors the discovery of this element by a French chemist in 1875, just four years after [Dmitri] Mendeleev predicted its probable existence from a blank space in his newly described periodic table.
    • 1983 spring, Richard Hahn, “Life at the End of the Periodic Table”, in Carolyn Krause, editor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review, volume 16, number 2, Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:
      The main theme of TRL [Transuranium Research Laboratory] research with transuranium elements has been the exploration of a region of the periodic table that is relatively new and inaccessible to most scientists. [] Our research with the heavy elements has extended our knowledge considerably and tested our ideas concerning how the periodic table is constructed.
    • 2009, Kristi Lew, “Mercury: The Inside Story”, in Mercury (Understanding the Elements of the Periodic Table), New York, N.Y.: The Rosen Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 20:
      Taking into account the masses and percents of the isotopes, the average weight of a mercury atom is 200.59 amu, the atomic weight that is listed on some periodic tables. This type of average is called a weighted average. On other periodic tables, such as the one in this book, mercury's atomic weight is rounded to the nearest whole number (201 amu).
    • 2015, Peter J. Mikulecky, Christopher Hren, “Understanding the Many Uses of the Mole”, in Chemistry Workbook for Dummies, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, part II (Making and Remaking Compounds), page 101:
      The atomic masses you see in many periodic tables may vary slightly, so for consistency, we've rounded all atomic mass values to two decimal places before plugging them into equations.

Derived terms

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Translations

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See also

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Periodic table of elements in English · periodic table of elements (layout · text)
Period
Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 1   H
hydrogen
Color of the number (state of matter at STP): liquid, gas, solid, synthetic, not yet been discovered 2   He
helium
2 3   Li
lithium
4   Be
beryllium
Blocks: d-block f-block p-block s-block 5   B
boron
6   C
carbon
7   N
nitrogen
8   O
oxygen
9   F
fluorine
10   Ne
neon
3 11   Na
sodium
12   Mg
magnesium
13   Al
aluminum
14   Si
silicon
15   P
phosphorus
16   S
sulfur
17   Cl
chlorine
18   Ar
argon
4 19   K
potassium
20   Ca
calcium

21   Sc
scandium
22   Ti
titanium
23   V
vanadium
24   Cr
chromium
25   Mn
manganese
26   Fe
iron
27   Co
cobalt
28   Ni
nickel
29   Cu
copper
30   Zn
zinc
31   Ga
gallium
32   Ge
germanium
33   As
arsenic
34   Se
selenium
35   Br
bromine
36   Kr
krypton
5 37   Rb
rubidium
38   Sr
strontium

39   Y
yttrium
40   Zr
zirconium
41   Nb
niobium
42   Mo
molybdenum
43   Tc
technetium
44   Ru
ruthenium
45   Rh
rhodium
46   Pd
palladium
47   Ag
silver
48   Cd
cadmium
49   In
indium
50   Sn
tin
51   Sb
antimony
52   Te
tellurium
53   I
iodine
54   Xe
xenon
6 55   Cs
cesium
56   Ba
barium
*
71   Lu
lutetium
72   Hf
hafnium
73   Ta
tantalum
74   W
tungsten
75   Re
rhenium
76   Os
osmium
77   Ir
iridium
78   Pt
platinum
79   Au
gold
80   Hg
mercury
81   Tl
thallium
82   Pb
lead
83   Bi
bismuth
84   Po
polonium
85   At
astatine
86   Rn
radon
7 87   Fr
francium
88   Ra
radium
**
103   Lr
lawrencium
104   Rf
rutherfordium
105   Db
dubnium
106   Sg
seaborgium
107   Bh
bohrium
108   Hs
hassium
109   Mt
meitnerium
110   Ds
darmstadtium
111   Rg
roentgenium
112   Cn
copernicium
113   Nh
nihonium
114   Fl
flerovium
115   Mc
moscovium
116   Lv
livermorium
117   Ts
tennessine
118   Og
oganesson

* lanthanides 57   La
lanthanum
58   Ce
cerium
59   Pr
praseodymium
60   Nd
neodymium
61   Pm
promethium
62   Sm
samarium
63   Eu
europium
64   Gd
gadolinium
65   Tb
terbium
66   Dy
dysprosium
67   Ho
holmium
68   Er
erbium
69   Tm
thulium
70   Yb
ytterbium
** actinides 89   Ac
actinium
90   Th
thorium
91   Pa
protactinium
92   U
uranium
93   Np
neptunium
94   Pu
plutonium
95   Am
americium
96   Cm
curium
97   Bk
berkelium
98   Cf
californium
99   Es
einsteinium
100   Fm
fermium
101   Md
mendelevium
102   No
nobelium

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