porter
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpɔɹtɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɔːtə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA(key): /ˈpo(ː)ɹtɚ/
- (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA(key): /ˈpoətə/
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English porter, portere, portier, borrowed from Anglo-Norman portour and Old French porteor, from Late Latin portātor, from past participle of Latin portāre (“to carry”).
Noun edit
porter (plural porters)
- A person who carries luggage and related objects.
- By the time I reached the train station I was exhausted, but fortunately there was a porter waiting.
- 2022 December 14, David Turner, “The Edwardian Christmas getaway...”, in RAIL, number 972, page 35:
- Tips were an important part of porters' income, and at Christmas passengers felt there was extra pressure to give them - despite some perceiving the level of service to be poor. […] In contrast, the Westminster Gazette in 1912 was much more positive about railway staff, praising the "...army of porters hustling and bustling hither and thither with barrows groaning under the weight of bags and baggage and... the ever-patient and long-suffering guards, courteously giving information and advice to the querulous passengers... to the porter the Christmas season means a continuous round of heavy labour, extremely tiring to both nerves and temper, and this fact the public too often seem either to forget or ignore."
- (entomology) An ant having the specialized role of carrying.
- (computing) One who ports software (makes it usable on another platform).
- 1998, Michael McMillan, Perl from the Ground Up, page 45:
- […] useful only if you are a Perl porter or implementor and you want to check the efficiency of the hashing algorithm.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English porter, portere, portare, borrowed from Anglo-Norman portour and Old French portier, from Late Latin portarius (“gatekeeper”), from Latin porta (“gate”).
Noun edit
porter (countable and uncountable, plural porters)
- (countable) A person in control of the entrance to a building.
- (countable, bowling) An employee who clears and cleans tables and puts bowling balls away.
- (countable, uncountable, beer) A strong, dark ale, originally favored by porters (etymology 1, sense 1), similar to a stout but less strong.
- Coordinate term: stout
- (beer, Ireland) Stout (malt brew).
- 1914 June, James Joyce, “Counterparts”, in Dubliners, London: Grant Richards, →OCLC, page 107:
- “Here, Pat, give us a g.p., like a good fellow.” The curate brought him a glass of plain porter. The man drank it at a gulp and asked for a caraway seed.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
|
Verb edit
porter (third-person singular simple present porters, present participle portering, simple past and past participle portered)
- To serve as a porter; to carry.
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
From porta + -er or from Old Catalan porter, from Late Latin portārius, from Latin porta. Compare French portier.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): (Central) [purˈte]
- IPA(key): (Balearic) [porˈte]
- IPA(key): (Valencian) [poɾˈteɾ]
Audio (file)
Noun edit
porter m (plural porters)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “porter” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old French porter, from Latin portāre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“go, traverse”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
porter
- to carry
- to support, to bear
- to wear
- (transitive with sur) to be about, to concern
- Sur quoi portait la question ? ― What was the question concerning?
- (reflexive, se porter) to feel, to carry one's self
- Je me porte mieux. ― I am feeling better.
- Il se porte bien. ― He's in good health.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | simple | porter | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | portant /pɔʁ.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | porté /pɔʁ.te/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | porte /pɔʁt/ |
portes /pɔʁt/ |
porte /pɔʁt/ |
portons /pɔʁ.tɔ̃/ |
portez /pɔʁ.te/ |
portent /pɔʁt/ |
imperfect | portais /pɔʁ.tɛ/ |
portais /pɔʁ.tɛ/ |
portait /pɔʁ.tɛ/ |
portions /pɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
portiez /pɔʁ.tje/ |
portaient /pɔʁ.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | portai /pɔʁ.te/ |
portas /pɔʁ.ta/ |
porta /pɔʁ.ta/ |
portâmes /pɔʁ.tam/ |
portâtes /pɔʁ.tat/ |
portèrent /pɔʁ.tɛʁ/ | |
future | porterai /pɔʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
porteras /pɔʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
portera /pɔʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
porterons /pɔʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
porterez /pɔʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
porteront /pɔʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | porterais /pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
porterais /pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
porterait /pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
porterions /pɔʁ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
porteriez /pɔʁ.tə.ʁje/ |
porteraient /pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | porte /pɔʁt/ |
portes /pɔʁt/ |
porte /pɔʁt/ |
portions /pɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
portiez /pɔʁ.tje/ |
portent /pɔʁt/ |
imperfect2 | portasse /pɔʁ.tas/ |
portasses /pɔʁ.tas/ |
portât /pɔʁ.ta/ |
portassions /pɔʁ.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
portassiez /pɔʁ.ta.sje/ |
portassent /pɔʁ.tas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | porte /pɔʁt/ |
— | portons /pɔʁ.tɔ̃/ |
portez /pɔʁ.te/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
infinitive | simple | se porter | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | se portant /sə pɔʁ.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | porté /pɔʁ.te/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me porte /mə pɔʁt/ |
te portes /tə pɔʁt/ |
se porte /sə pɔʁt/ |
nous portons /nu pɔʁ.tɔ̃/ |
vous portez /vu pɔʁ.te/ |
se portent /sə pɔʁt/ |
imperfect | me portais /mə pɔʁ.tɛ/ |
te portais /tə pɔʁ.tɛ/ |
se portait /sə pɔʁ.tɛ/ |
nous portions /nu pɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
vous portiez /vu pɔʁ.tje/ |
se portaient /sə pɔʁ.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | me portai /mə pɔʁ.te/ |
te portas /tə pɔʁ.ta/ |
se porta /sə pɔʁ.ta/ |
nous portâmes /nu pɔʁ.tam/ |
vous portâtes /vu pɔʁ.tat/ |
se portèrent /sə pɔʁ.tɛʁ/ | |
future | me porterai /mə pɔʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
te porteras /tə pɔʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
se portera /sə pɔʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
nous porterons /nu pɔʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous porterez /vu pɔʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
se porteront /sə pɔʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | me porterais /mə pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
te porterais /tə pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
se porterait /sə pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
nous porterions /nu pɔʁ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous porteriez /vu pɔʁ.tə.ʁje/ |
se porteraient /sə pɔʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | me porte /mə pɔʁt/ |
te portes /tə pɔʁt/ |
se porte /sə pɔʁt/ |
nous portions /nu pɔʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
vous portiez /vu pɔʁ.tje/ |
se portent /sə pɔʁt/ |
imperfect2 | me portasse /mə pɔʁ.tas/ |
te portasses /tə pɔʁ.tas/ |
se portât /sə pɔʁ.ta/ |
nous portassions /nu pɔʁ.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
vous portassiez /vu pɔʁ.ta.sje/ |
se portassent /sə pɔʁ.tas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | porte-toi /pɔʁt.twa/ |
— | portons-nous /pɔʁ.tɔ̃.nu/ |
portez-vous /pɔʁ.te.vu/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
- la nuit porte conseil
- porté disparu
- porté disparu
- porter à ébullition
- porter à faux
- porter assistance
- porter atteinte
- porter aux nues
- porter bonheur
- porter dans son cœur
- porter de l’eau à la rivière
- porter la culotte
- porter la poisse
- porter le chapeau
- porter malheur
- porter ombrage
- porter plainte
- porter préjudice
- porter sa croix
- porter secours
- porter ses fruits
- se faire porter pâle
- se porter comme un charme
- se porter garant
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
porter m (plural porters)
- porter (beer)
- 1884, Joris-Karl Huysmans, chapter XI, in À rebours [Against the Grain]:
- il […] étancha sa soif avec le porter, cette bière noire qui sent le jus de réglisse dépouillé de sucre.
- He quenched his thirst with some porter, that dark beer which smells of unsweetened liquorice.
Further reading edit
- “porter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Ladin edit
Etymology edit
From Latin portāre, present active infinitive of portō (“bring, carry”).
Verb edit
porter
- to carry
Conjugation edit
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | porter, porté | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | avei | gerund | portan | |||
past participle | porté | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | porte, porteie | portes, porteies | porta, porteia, portea | porton | porteis | porta, porteia |
imperfect | portove | portoves | portova | portovan | portovais | portova |
future | portaré | portaras | portarà | portaron | portareis | portarà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | porte, porteie | portes, porteies | porte, porteie | porton | porteis | porte |
imperfect | portasse | portasses | portassa | portassan | portassais | portassa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | porta, porteia | — | porton | portede | — |
Latin edit
Verb edit
porter
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Anglo-Norman porter, portour, from a combination of Late Latin portārius and portātor, portātōrem; equivalent to port + -er.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
porter (plural porters)
Descendants edit
References edit
- “portē̆r, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French porter, from Latin portō, portāre.
Verb edit
porter
- to carry
- porter la banniere
- to carry the banner
Conjugation edit
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | porter | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | portant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | porté | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | porte | portes | porte | portons | portez | portent |
imperfect | portois, portoys | portois, portoys | portoit, portoyt | portions, portyons | portiez, portyez | portoient, portoyent | |
past historic | porta | portas | porta | portasmes | portastes | porterent | |
future | porterai, porteray | porteras | portera | porterons | porterez | porteront | |
conditional | porterois, porteroys | porterois, porteroys | porteroit, porteroyt | porterions, porteryons | porteriez, porteryez | porteroient, porteroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | porte | portes | porte | portons | portez | portent |
imperfect | portasse | portasses | portast | portassions | portassiez | portassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | porte | — | portons | portez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Descendants edit
- French: porter
Norman edit
Alternative forms edit
- portaïr (Guernsey)
Etymology edit
From Old French porter, from Latin portō, portāre.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Jersey) (file)
Verb edit
porter
Derived terms edit
- porter un coup (“to strike”)
- portchi (“porter”)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Noun edit
porter m
- indefinite plural of port
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin portāre, present active infinitive of portō.
Verb edit
porter
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ts, *-tt are modified to z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | porter | avoir porté | |||||
gerund | en portant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | portant | ||||||
past participle | porté | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | port | portes | porte | portons | portez | portent |
imperfect | portoie, porteie, portoe, porteve | portoies, porteies, portoes, porteves | portoit, porteit, portot, porteve | portiiens, portiens | portiiez, portiez | portoient, porteient, portoent, portevent | |
preterite | portai | portas | porta | portames | portastes | porterent | |
future | porterai | porteras | portera | porterons | porteroiz, portereiz, porterez | porteront | |
conditional | porteroie, portereie | porteroies, portereies | porteroit, portereit | porteriiens, porteriens | porteriiez, porteriez | porteroient, portereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | port | porz | port | portons | portez | portent |
imperfect | portasse | portasses | portast | portissons, portissiens | portissoiz, portissez, portissiez | portassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | porte | — | portons | portez | — |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from English porter or French porter.
Noun edit
porter n (uncountable)
- porter (beer)
Declension edit
singular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) porter | porterul |
genitive/dative | (unui) porter | porterului |
vocative | porterule |