ale

See also: Ale, alé, alè, alẽ, åle, āle, Alę, and -ale

Translingual

Symbol

ale

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Aleut.

English

a pint of ale (1)

Alternative forms

• eale (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English ale, from Old English ealu, ealo, from Proto-West Germanic *alu, from Proto-Germanic *alu (compare Dutch aal, Swedish öl), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“beer”), or *h₂elu- (“bitter”).

Compare Russian ол (ol), Lithuanian alùs, Armenian օղի (ōłi); compare also Latin alum (“comfrey”), alūta (“tawed leather”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /eɪl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪl

Noun

ale (countable and uncountable, plural ales)

1. (dated) A beer made without hops.
2. A beer produced by so-called warm fermentation and not pressurized.
3. A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk.

Synonyms

• (liquor): beer (loosely), yill

Derived terms

• Adam's ale
• ale bench
• ale conner
• ale pole
• ale post
• ale silver
• ale stake
• ale-bench
• ale-blown
• ale-bush
• ale-conner
• ale-draper
• ale-drapery
• ale-hoof
• ale-house
• ale-knight
• ale-pole
• ale-stake
• ale-taster
• ale-washed
• ale-wife
• alewife
• audit ale
• bride-ale
• brown ale
• cakes and ale
• church-ale
• clerk-ale
• cream ale
• double India pale ale
• English strong ale
• gill-ale
• ginger ale
• heather ale
• imperial India pale ale
• India pale ale
• lamb-ale
• mild ale
• old ale
• pale ale
• pot ale
• real ale
• red ale
• session ale
• small ale
• soul-ale
• Welsh ale
• yard of ale

 

Related terms

• alehouse
• bridal

Descendants

• → Dutch: ale
• → Finnish: ale
• → French: ale

Translations

beer produced by warm fermentation

• Afrikaans: aal (af)
• Arabic: مِزْر‎ m (mizr)
• Armenian: էլ (hy) (ēl)
• Belarusian: эль m (elʹ)
• Bulgarian: ейл m (ejl)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 麥芽啤酒／麦芽啤酒 (mak⁶ ngaa⁴ be¹ zau²)

  Mandarin: 強麥酒／强麦酒 (qiángmàijiǔ), 麥芽啤酒／麦芽啤酒 (màiyá píjiǔ), 麥芽酒／麦芽酒 (màiyá jiǔ), 愛爾啤酒／爱尔啤酒 (ài'ěr píjiǔ), 艾爾啤酒／艾尔啤酒 (ài'ěr píjiǔ)

• Danish: lyst øl c
• Dutch: donker bier n
• Esperanto: elo (eo)
• Estonian: õlu (et)
• Faroese: øl
• Finnish: pintahiivaolut (fi), ale (fi)
• French: bière anglaise f, ale (fr) f
• German: Ale (de) n
• Greek: αγγλική μπίρα f (anglikí bíra), αγγλικός ζύθος m (anglikós zýthos), ζύθος (el) (zýthos), αγγλική μπύρα (anglikí býra)
• Hungarian: ale (hu)
• Icelandic: öl (is) n
• Irish: leann m
• Italian: birra inglese f
• Japanese: エール (ēru)
• Korean: 에일 (eil)
• Limburgish: ale (li)
• Lithuanian: elis
• Manx: lhune m
• Norwegian: ale (no), ale
• Old English: ealu, bēor
• Polish: ale (pl) n
• Portuguese: cerveja inglesa f
• Russian: эль (ru) m (elʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: leann m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ел m

  Roman: el (sh) m

• Spanish: cerveza inglesa f, ale (es) f, cerveza ale f
• Swedish: ale (sv)
• Tamil: அளி (ta) (aḷi)
• Turkish: ale (tr), İngiliz birası
• Ukrainian: ель m (elʹ)
• Welsh: cwrw m

Anagrams

• E-la, EAL, ELA, Ela, LAE, LEA, Lea, ael, lea

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʌˈle/
• Hyphenation: a‧le

Interjection

alé

1. signifies surprise; wow!

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Ambonese Malay

Pronoun

ale

1. thou

Bambara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [àle]

Pronoun

ale

1. him

Basque

Noun

ale

1. grain

Declension

Declension of ale (inanimate, ending in vowel)
	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	ale	alea	aleak
ergative	alek	aleak	aleek
dative	aleri	aleari	aleei
genitive	aleren	alearen	aleen
comitative	alerekin	alearekin	aleekin
causative	alerengatik	alearengatik	aleengatik
benefactive	alerentzat	alearentzat	aleentzat
instrumental	alez	aleaz	aleez
inessive	aletan	alean	aleetan
locative	aletako	aleko	aleetako
allative	aletara	alera	aleetara
terminative	aletaraino	aleraino	aleetaraino
directive	aletarantz	alerantz	aleetarantz
destinative	aletarako	alerako	aleetarako
ablative	aletatik	aletik	aleetatik
partitive	alerik	—	—
prolative	aletzat	—	—

Buol

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qazay.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aɽe]

Noun

ale

1. chin

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈalɛ]

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alɛ

Conjunction

ale

1. but

   Synonym: avšak

See also

• jenže

Further reading

• ale in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• ale in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• ale in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːl/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ale
• Rhymes: -eːl

Noun

ale m or n (uncountable)

1. ale

Estonian

Etymology

Cognate to Finnish halme and Livvi halmeh. From either Proto-Germanic *halmaz or a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian salms and Latvian želmuo.

Noun

ale (genitive ale, partitive alet)

1. slash-and-burn (the technique)
2. the forest cut down to create new land in slash-and-burn
3. the land created through slash-and-burn

Declension

Inflection of ale (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	ale	aled
accusative	ale	aled
genitive	ale	alede
partitive	alet	alesid
illative	alle alesse	aledesse
inessive	ales	aledes
elative	alest	aledest
allative	alele	aledele
adessive	alel	aledel
ablative	alelt	aledelt
translative	aleks	aledeks
terminative	aleni	aledeni
essive	alena	aledena
abessive	aleta	aledeta
comitative	alega	aledega

Finnish

Etymology 1

Clipping of alennusmyynti (“sale”). Coined by Aarni Penttilä.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑle/, [ˈɑle̞]
• Rhymes: -ɑle
• Syllabification^(key): a‧le

Noun

ale

1. (informal) sale (selling of goods at bargain prices)

Declension

Inflection of ale (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation)
nominative		ale	alet
genitive		alen	alejen
partitive		alea	aleja
illative		aleen	aleihin
		singular	plural
nominative		ale	alet
accusative	nom.	ale	alet
	gen.	alen
genitive		alen	alejen aleinrare
partitive		alea	aleja
inessive		alessa	aleissa
elative		alesta	aleista
illative		aleen	aleihin
adessive		alella	aleilla
ablative		alelta	aleilta
allative		alelle	aleille
essive		alena	aleina
translative		aleksi	aleiksi
instructive		—	alein
abessive		aletta	aleitta
comitative		—	aleineen

Possessive forms of ale (type nalle)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	aleni	alemme
2nd person	alesi	alenne
3rd person	alensa

Compounds

• alehalli
• alehinta
• alelaari

Etymology 2

From English ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈei̯l/, [ˈe̞i̯l]
• Rhymes: -eil
• Syllabification^(key): ale

Noun

ale

1. ale (type of beer)

Declension

Inflection of ale (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation)
nominative		ale	alet
genitive		alen	alejen
partitive		alea	aleja
illative		aleen	aleihin
		singular	plural
nominative		ale	alet
accusative	nom.	ale	alet
	gen.	alen
genitive		alen	alejen aleinrare
partitive		alea	aleja
inessive		alessa	aleissa
elative		alesta	aleista
illative		aleen	aleihin
adessive		alella	aleilla
ablative		alelta	aleilta
allative		alelle	aleille
essive		alena	aleina
translative		aleksi	aleiksi
instructive		—	alein
abessive		aletta	aleitta
comitative		—	aleineen

Possessive forms of ale (type nalle)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	aleni	alemme
2nd person	alesi	alenne
3rd person	alensa

In speech, type 5 (risti) is normally used, giving for instance nominative singular eil, genitive eilin, partitive eiliä, nominative plural eilit and genitive plural eilien.

Anagrams

• Lea

French

Etymology

From English ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛl/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ale f (plural ales)

1. ale
   • 1884, Joris-Karl Huysmans, chapter XI, in À rebours [Against the Grain]:

     […] il mangea un rosbif aux pommes et s'enfourna deux pintes d’ale, excité par ce petit goût de vacherie musquée que dégage cette fine et pâle bière.

     He ate roast beef with apples and put away two pints of ale, excited by the little taste of musky trickery given off by this fine, pale beer.

Further reading

• “ale”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin āla.

Noun

ale f (plural alis)

1. wing

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French aller (“go”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.le/

Verb

ale

1. to go

   Synonym: al

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.le/
• Rhymes: -ale
• Syllabification: à‧le

Noun

ale f

1. (poetic) plural of ala; wings.

See also

• ali

Latin

Verb

ale

1. second-person singular present active imperative of alō

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalɛ/, [ˈalə]

Conjunction

ale

1. but

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “ale”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “ale”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Lule Sami

Verb

ale

1. second-person singular imperative of ij

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French aller.

Verb

ale (medial form al)

1. To go

Middle Dutch

Etymology

from Old Dutch *alo, from Proto-West Germanic *alu.

Noun

āle n

1. ale

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: aal
• Limburgish: aal

Further reading

• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “ale”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Alternative forms

• ail

Etymology

From Old English ealu, from Proto-West Germanic *alu, from Proto-Germanic *alu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːl(ə)/

Noun

ale (plural ales)

1. ale (beverage)

Related terms

• bridale

Descendants

• English: ale
• Scots: yill, ale, aill, ayll

References

• “āle, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈale/

Verb

ale

1. second-person singular imperative of ii

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

ale (present tense el or aler, past tense ol or alte, supine ale or alt, past participle alen or alt, present participle alande, imperative al)

1. Alternative form of ala

Anagrams

• ela, lea

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ale. First attested in 1398.

Conjunction

ale

1. but

Derived terms

conjunction

• aleć
• alećby
• ależby

 

conjunction/particle

• ależ

 

Related terms

conjunctions

• a
• le

 

Particle

ale

1. at least

Descendants

• Polish: ale

References

• K. Nitsch, editor (1953), “ale”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 24

Polish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish ale, from Proto-Slavic *ale. For the particle use, compare Hungarian de. First attested in 1398.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.lɛ/

• Audio 1

  (file)

• Audio 2

  (file)

• Audio 3

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alɛ
• Syllabification: a‧le
• Homophones: Ale, alę, Alę

Conjunction

ale

1. but (contrastive conjunction)

   Synonyms: chociaż, jednak, lecz, niemniej, tylko, mimo że

   Grałem dobrze, ale przegrałem. ― I played well, but I lost.

2. (with nie tylko) not only … but also

   Synonym: nie tylko … lecz …

   Jesteś nie tylko głupi, ale też naiwny! ― You're not only stupid, but also naive!

Particle

ale

1. (colloquial) used at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis

   Synonyms: ależ, ale to

   Ale masz piękną sukienkę! ― You have such a beautiful dress!

   Ale ta zupa jest dobra! ― This soup is so good!

2. used at the beginning of a sentence; similar in meaning to the English "hey, not so fast", especially when used multiple times

   Ale, ale! Jeszcze z tobą nie skończyłem! ― Hey, not so fast! I'm not quite done with you yet!

3. (with bo) may very well, but, even though, despite

   Stary, bo stary, ale mocny. ― He very well may be old, but he's still strong.

   Trudno bo trudno, ale robi się łatwiej. ― It may very well be hard, but it's getting easier.

Derived terms

particles

• ale to
• ależ

 

Noun

ale n

1. (colloquial) but

   żadnych ale! ― No buts!

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from English ale. First attested in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛjl/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛjl
• Syllabification: ale

Noun

ale n or m (indeclinable)

1. ale

   Hypernym: piwo

   angielskie ale ― English ale

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ale is one of the top 10,355 most used words in Polish, appearing 187 times in scientific texts, 66 times in news, 330 times in essays, 552 times in fiction, and 828 times in plays, totaling 1963 times, making it the 20th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

• Pęzik, Piotr; Przepiórkowski, A.; Bańko, M.; Górski, R.; Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine]‎^[2], Wydawnictwo PWN

Further reading

• ale in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ale in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• “ale”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2022
• “ALE”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 08.06.2022
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807-1814), “ale”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ale”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 22

Portuguese

Verb

ale

1. inflection of alar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.le/

Article

ale

1. of (feminine/neuter plural possessive article)

   sunt ale mele aici? ― are mine here?

See also

• al (masculine/neuter singular)
• a (feminine singular)
• ai (masculine plural)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ali, *ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /âle/
• Hyphenation: a‧le

Conjunction

ȁle (Cyrillic spelling а̏ле)

1. (Kajkavian) but
2. (Kajkavian) however

Synonyms

• ȁli

Spanish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English ale.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeil/ [ˈei̯l]
• Rhymes: -eil

Noun

ale f (plural ales)

1. ale (intoxicating liquor)

Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Further reading

• “ale”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• ali

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly from Sanskrit आली (ālī, “female friend”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧le
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔale/, [ˈʔa.le]

Noun

ale (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒ)

1. (colloquial) term of address for a woman
2. aunt

   Synonyms: tita, tiya, tiyang, tiyahin, inain, (slang) tsang

3. stepmother

   Synonyms: inang-panguman, inain, madrastra, tiya, tiyang, tiyahin

Derived terms

• aling

 

See also

• mama

 

References

• “ale” in Pinoy Dictionary, Cyberspace.ph, 2010-2023.

Tarantino

Noun

ale

1. wing (of a bird etc)

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.le]

Verb

ale

1. (transitive) to coil

Conjugation

Conjugation of ale
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toale	foale	miale
2nd	noale	niale
3rd	Masculine	oale	iale, yoale†
Feminine	moale
Neuter	iale
† - archaic

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ale.

Conjunction

ale

1. but

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.l̪e/

Noun

ale

1. bait

References

• James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎^[3], Pacific linguistics

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.lè/

Noun

àlè

1. concubine, side chick

   Synonym: wáhàrì

Derived terms

• ọmọ àlè (“bastard, illegitimate child”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.lè/

Noun

àlè

1. (Ondo) in-law

   Synonym: àna