stout

See also: Stout

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /staʊt/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /stʌʊt/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aʊt

Etymology 1

From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”) (Modern French dialectal stout (“proud”)), from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”), from Frankish *stolt, *stult (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”).

Cognate with Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”), Low German stolt (“stately, proud”), German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”), Old Norse stoltr (“proud”) (Danish stolt (“proud”), Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)).

Meaning "strong in body, powerfully built" is attested from First attested in c. 1386, but has been to a large extent displaced by the euphemistic meaning "thick-bodied, fat and large," which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1552).

The noun "strong, dark-brown beer" is first recorded 1677, from the adjective.

Adjective

stout (comparative stouter, superlative stoutest)

1. (of a person) Large; bulky.

   Synonyms: thickset, corpulent, fat

   • 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Eternal City”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 427:

     Yossarian walked out of the office and down the stairs into the dark, tomblike street, passing in the hall the stout woman with warts and two chins, who was already on her way back in.

2. (obsolete) Bold, strong-minded.

   Synonyms: lusty, vigorous, robust, sinewy, muscular

   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     Art thou but Captaine of a thouſand horſe,
     That by Characters grauen in thy browes,
     And by thy martiall face and ſtout aſpect,
     Deſeru’ſt to haue the leading of an hoſte?

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

     a stouter champion never handled sword.

   • 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the [Sheldonian] Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:

     He quickly lost the character of a bold, stout, magnanimous man.

   • 1609, Samuel Daniel, The Civile Wares:

     The lords all stand / To clear their cause, most resolutely stout.

3. (obsolete) Proud; haughty.

   Synonyms: arrogant, hard, haughty

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Malachi 3:13:

     Your words have been stout against me.

   • 1552, Hugh Latimer, The Fifth Sermon Preached on the Twenty-Fourth Sunday After Trinity, 1552:

     Commonly […] they that be rich are lofty and stout.

4. Firm; resolute; dauntless.
   • 2020 September 5, David Hytner, “Raheem Sterling keeps his cool to see off Iceland amid blaze of late drama”, in The Guardian‎^[1]:

     he had reason to be extremely grateful to Sterling, his Manchester City teammate, who won and converted the penalty that appeared to have broken Iceland’s stout resistance.

   • 2023 June 28, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: Alton to Exeter”, in RAIL, number 986, page 58:

     So, Andover featured in the Glorious Revolution, which involved the deposition of Catholic fraterniser James II and his replacement by stout Protestants William and Mary.

5. Materially strong, enduring.

   Campers prefer stout vessels, sticks and cloth.

   • 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, “He is Concerned in a Dangerous Adventure with a Certain Gardener; […]”, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume I, London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC, page 134:

     […] Pipes, who acted as the enemy's forlorn hope, advanced to the gate with great intrepidity, and clapping his foot to the door, which was none of the ſtouteſt, with the execution and diſpatch of a petard, ſplit it into a thouſand pieces.

   • 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad‎^[2]:

     Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins … .

6. Obstinate.

Derived terms

• midstout
• stouten
• stouthearted
• stoutish
• stoutly
• stoutness

Translations

large, bulky, corpulent

• Bulgarian: едър (bg) (edǎr), пълен (bg) (pǎlen)
• Czech: silný (cs) m, tlustý (cs) m
• Finnish: pönäkkä, tanakka (fi)
• German: groß (de), korpulent (de)
• Greek: μονοκόμματος (el) (monokómmatos)
• Irish: alpartha, téagartha
• Latin: crassus
• Macedonian: кру́пен (krúpen), полн (poln)
• Maori: pūngerungeru, tetere, takapū, whakahara, pukunati
• Ottoman Turkish: یوغون (yoğun), ایری (iri)
• Plautdietsch: forsch
• Polish: tęgi (pl) m
• Portuguese: corpulento (pt) m
• Russian: кру́пный (ru) (krúpnyj), то́лстый (ru) (tólstyj)
• Spanish: corpulento (es), robusto (es), fornido (es)

lusty, vigorous

• Bulgarian: як (bg) (jak), здрав (bg) (zdrav)
• Finnish: jämäkkä (fi), vanttera (fi), lihaksikas (fi)
• Macedonian: јак (jak), цврст (cvrst), здрав (zdrav)
• Portuguese: vigoroso (pt) m, robusto (pt) m
• Russian: здоро́вый (ru) (zdoróvyj), кре́пкий (ru) (krépkij)
• Spanish: fornido (es), vigoroso (es), robusto (es)

proud, haughty

• Bulgarian: горделив (bg) (gordeliv)
• Finnish: koppava (fi), kopea (fi), ylimielinen (fi)
• German: stolz (de), hochmütig (de), überheblich (de)
• Macedonian: го́рделив (górdeliv)
• Russian: го́рдый (ru) (górdyj)
• Spanish: altivo (es), orgulloso (es)

firm, resolute

• Bulgarian: твърд (bg) (tvǎrd), упорит (bg) (uporit)
• Finnish: päättäväinen (fi), luja (fi)
• German: fest (de), resolut (de)
• Macedonian: цврст (cvrst), тврд (tvrd)
• Maori: manawanui
• Russian: про́чный (ru) (próčnyj), кре́пкий (ru) (krépkij)

materially strong

• Bulgarian: траен (bg) (traen), издръжлив (bg) (izdrǎžliv)
• Dutch: robuust (nl)
• Finnish: tukeva (fi), kestävä (fi), jämerä (fi), järeä (fi), tanakka (fi)
• German: stabil (de), fest (de), robust (de)
• Irish: téagartha
• Macedonian: тра́ен (tráen), и́здржлив (ízdržliv)
• Portuguese: resistente (pt)
• Russian: кре́пкий (ru) (krépkij)

obstinate — see obstinate

Noun

stout, the malt brew

stout (plural stouts)

1. (beer) A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain.

   Coordinate term: porter

   Stout is darker, stronger and sweeter than porter beer.

2. An obese person.
   • 1946, Printers' Ink:

     Incidentally the survey pointed up the sad plight of the stylish stouts, today's “forgotten men.” The clothing situation is getting so critical for them that they may have to choose between eating and dressing.

3. A large clothing size.
   • 1918, Isidor Rosenfeld, The Practical Designer for Women's and Misses' Underwear - The Study of the Stout Form

     The all-around waist is increased or over-built, according to size, which makes this form a stout.

Derived terms

• breakfast stout
• double stout
• Imperial stout
• invalid stout
• milk stout
• pastry stout

Translations

brew

• Dutch: stout (nl), stoutbier n
• Faroese: stout m
• Finnish: stout (fi)
• French: stout (fr) m
• Hungarian: malátasör (hu)
• Irish: leann dubh m
• Macedonian: ја́ко те́мно пи́во n (jáko témno pívo)
• Welsh: cwrw du m

obese person

• Bulgarian: дебелак (bg) m (debelak)
• Dutch: dikkerd (nl) m, dikzak (nl) m, vetzak (nl) m
• Finnish: punkero (fi)
• Macedonian: де́белко m (débelko)

large clothing size

• Dutch: grote (nl) (kleding)maat

Etymology 2

From Middle English stouten, from the adjective (see above).

Verb

stout (third-person singular simple present stouts, present participle stouting, simple past and past participle stouted)

1. (intransitive, archaic) To be bold or defiant.
2. (transitive, dialectal) To persist, endure.

   Synonyms: brook, thole

Etymology 3

From Middle English stout, from Old English stūt (“gnat; midge”).

Alternative forms

• stoat, stut (dialectal)

Noun

stout (plural stouts)

1. Gnat.

   Synonym: midge

2. Gadfly.

   Synonym: horsefly

3. (dialectal) Firefly or miller (moth).

Derived terms

• stoat-fly

Further reading

• stout on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• touts

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stɑu̯t/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: stout
• Rhymes: -ɑu̯t

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch stout, from Old Dutch *stolt, from Proto-Germanic *stultaz.

Adjective

stout (comparative stouter, superlative stoutst)

1. naughty, disobedient, mischievous

   Zijn hier nog stoute kindertjes? ― Are there any naughty children here?

2. high (expectations)
3. (archaic) bold, audacious

Declension

Declension of stout
uninflected	stout
inflected	stoute
comparative	stouter
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		stout	stouter	het stoutst het stoutste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	stoute	stoutere	stoutste
	n. sing.	stout	stouter	stoutste
	plural	stoute	stoutere	stoutste
definite		stoute	stoutere	stoutste
partitive		stouts	stouters	—

Derived terms

• stoutaard
• stoutaardig
• stoutachtig
• stoutebil
• stoutelijk
• stouterd
• stouterik
• stouthals
• stouthart
• stouthartig
• stoutheid
• stoutigheid
• stoutmoedig
• stoutspreker
• stoutweg
• verstouten

Descendants

• Afrikaans: stout
• Negerhollands: stout

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English stout.

Noun

stout m or n (uncountable)

1. stout (brew)

   Synonym: stoutbier

References

• “stout” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Finnish

Etymology

From English stout.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstou̯t/, [ˈs̠to̞u̯t̪]
• Rhymes: -out
• Syllabification^(key): stout
• Hyphenation^(key): stout

Noun

stout

1. stout (type of beer)

Declension

Inflection of stout (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		stout	stoutit
genitive		stoutin	stoutien
partitive		stoutia	stouteja
illative		stoutiin	stouteihin
		singular	plural
nominative		stout	stoutit
accusative	nom.	stout	stoutit
	gen.	stoutin
genitive		stoutin	stoutien
partitive		stoutia	stouteja
inessive		stoutissa	stouteissa
elative		stoutista	stouteista
illative		stoutiin	stouteihin
adessive		stoutilla	stouteilla
ablative		stoutilta	stouteilta
allative		stoutille	stouteille
essive		stoutina	stouteina
translative		stoutiksi	stouteiksi
abessive		stoutitta	stouteitta
instructive		—	stoutein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of stout (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative stoutini stoutini accusative nom. stoutini stoutini gen. stoutini genitive stoutini stoutieni partitive stoutiani stoutejani inessive stoutissani stouteissani elative stoutistani stouteistani illative stoutiini stouteihini adessive stoutillani stouteillani ablative stoutiltani stouteiltani allative stoutilleni stouteilleni essive stoutinani stouteinani translative stoutikseni stouteikseni abessive stoutittani stouteittani instructive — — comitative — stouteineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative stoutisi stoutisi accusative nom. stoutisi stoutisi gen. stoutisi genitive stoutisi stoutiesi partitive stoutiasi stoutejasi inessive stoutissasi stouteissasi elative stoutistasi stouteistasi illative stoutiisi stouteihisi adessive stoutillasi stouteillasi ablative stoutiltasi stouteiltasi allative stoutillesi stouteillesi essive stoutinasi stouteinasi translative stoutiksesi stouteiksesi abessive stoutittasi stouteittasi instructive — — comitative — stouteinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative stoutimme stoutimme accusative nom. stoutimme stoutimme gen. stoutimme genitive stoutimme stoutiemme partitive stoutiamme stoutejamme inessive stoutissamme stouteissamme elative stoutistamme stouteistamme illative stoutiimme stouteihimme adessive stoutillamme stouteillamme ablative stoutiltamme stouteiltamme allative stoutillemme stouteillemme essive stoutinamme stouteinamme translative stoutiksemme stouteiksemme abessive stoutittamme stouteittamme instructive — — comitative — stouteinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative stoutinne stoutinne accusative nom. stoutinne stoutinne gen. stoutinne genitive stoutinne stoutienne partitive stoutianne stoutejanne inessive stoutissanne stouteissanne elative stoutistanne stouteistanne illative stoutiinne stouteihinne adessive stoutillanne stouteillanne ablative stoutiltanne stouteiltanne allative stoutillenne stouteillenne essive stoutinanne stouteinanne translative stoutiksenne stouteiksenne abessive stoutittanne stouteittanne instructive — — comitative — stouteinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative stoutinsa stoutinsa accusative nom. stoutinsa stoutinsa gen. stoutinsa genitive stoutinsa stoutiensa partitive stoutiaan stoutiansa stoutejaan stoutejansa inessive stoutissaan stoutissansa stouteissaan stouteissansa elative stoutistaan stoutistansa stouteistaan stouteistansa illative stoutiinsa stouteihinsa adessive stoutillaan stoutillansa stouteillaan stouteillansa ablative stoutiltaan stoutiltansa stouteiltaan stouteiltansa allative stoutilleen stoutillensa stouteilleen stouteillensa essive stoutinaan stoutinansa stouteinaan stouteinansa translative stoutikseen stoutiksensa stouteikseen stouteiksensa abessive stoutittaan stoutittansa stouteittaan stouteittansa instructive — — comitative — stouteineen stouteinensa

Further reading

• “stout”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• sotut

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

stout m (plural stouts)

1. stout (beer)

Further reading

• “stout”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Spanish

Noun

stout f (plural stouts)

1. stout (beer)