proton

See also: Proton, protón, and próton

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton), neuter of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).

(physics): Coined by New Zealand-British scientist Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in analogy with electron (1891), and with an additional intention of honoring English chemist William Prout.

(anatomy): (1893); a translation of German Anlage (“fundamental thing”) based on Aristotle’s phrase he prote ousia to proton.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹəʊ.tɒn/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pro‧ton

Noun

proton (plural protons)

1. (physics) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.

   Comeronyms: neutron, electron

   Holonyms: atom, nucleus

   • 1931, C[harles] G[eorge] Crump, The Red King Dreams, 1946 - 1948, 24 Russell Square: Faber & Faber Limited, page 302:

     The dance of the electrons about the prota, each electron and each proton consisting of a series of waves occupying the whole of the limited universe and obeying the laws of nature as they pass, is known to all.

2. (obsolete, anatomy) Synonym of primordium
   • 1898 July, “Contributed Articles”, in C[larence] L[uther] Herrick, editor, The Journal of Comparative Neurology: A Quarterly Periodical Devoted to the Comparative Study of the Nervous System, volume VIII, number 1; 2, Granville, Oh.: […] C[harles] Judson Herrick; […], pages 27 (C. L. H., […]) and 32–33 (C. L. H.; G[eorge] E[llett] Coghill, […]):

     It is a well authenticated fact that, in the case of section of a peripheral nerve, the nuclei of the sheath of Schwann pass to the centre of the lumen and form the protoplasmic prota of the segments of the new nerve […]. From studies of the development of the olfactory organs in reptiles, as reported briefly in earlier numbers of this Journal, the writer has been abundantly convinced of the truth of Beard’s statement that the olfactory prota arise from the skin […].

   • 1898 December 28, Burt G[reen] Wilder, “Some Misapprehensions as to the Simplified Nomenclature of Anatomy”, in Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Session of the Association of American Anatomists, […], Washington, D.C.: Beresford, […], published 1899, page 23:

     This paper constituted the proton (the primordium, or ‘Anlage,’ if you prefer) of my own subsequent contributions, and likewise, so far as I knew at the time, of the simplified nomenclature in America.

   • 1899, Walter P[orter] Manton, “Menstruation—Ovulation—Development of the Ovum”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics, New York, N.Y.; Philadelphia, Penn.: Lea Brothers & Co., part II (Physiology of Pregnancy), pages 84, 97, 104, 111, and 112:

     a, b. Prota of primitive segments (protovertebræ). […] These soon become partially constricted off from the fore-brain, their narrow pedicles—the optic stalks—being the prota of the optic nerves. The dorsal wall of the fore-brain continues to grow forward and upward from the rest of the vesicle, and soon forms a fourth ventricle or permanent fore-brain, the proton of the cerebral hemispheres. […] By the sixth week the otocyst has been converted by a fold into two portions—a dorsal part—the utriculus, from which three projections arise, the prota of the semicircular canals (Fig. 91), and a ventral part, the sacculus, from the anterior end of which the cochlea is developed. […] These are the Müllerian ducts, the prota of the female internal organs of generation. […] The cords acquire a lumen and become the prota of the seminiferous tubules.

Synonyms

• p (symbolic)

Hypernyms

• baryon
• nucleon

Coordinate terms

• neutron
• electron
• deuteron
• triton

Derived terms

• antiproton
• diproton
• interproton
• nonproton
• photoproton
• protic
• protonate
• protonation
• proton capture
• protonic
• protonium
• protonlike
• protonmotive
• proton number
• protonophore
• proton pump
• prototropy
• quasiproton

 

Translations

positively charged nucleon

• Albanian: proton (sq) m
• Arabic: بْرُوتُون‎ m (brutūn)
• Armenian: պրոտոն (hy) (proton)
• Asturian: protón m
• Basque: protoi
• Bengali: প্রোটন (proṭôn)
• Breton: proton (br) (collective), protonenn (br) f (singulative)
• Bulgarian: прото́н (bg) m (protón)
• Catalan: protó (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 質子, 质子 (jat¹ ji²)

  Mandarin: 質子 (zh), 质子 (zh) (zhìzǐ)

• Czech: proton (cs) m
• Danish: proton (da)
• Dutch: proton (nl) n
• Esperanto: protono (eo)
• Finnish: protoni (fi)
• French: proton (fr) m
• Galician: protón (gl) m
• German: Proton (de) n
• Greek: πρωτόνιο (el) n (protónio)
• Gujarati: પ્રાણુ (prāṇu)
• Hawaiian: huna ʻāne
• Hindi: प्रोटॉन (proṭŏn), प्राणु (prāṇu)
• Hungarian: proton (hu)
• Icelandic: róteind (is) f
• Ido: protono (io)
• Indonesian: proton (id)
• Interlingua: proton
• Irish: prótón m

• Italian: protone (it)
• Japanese: 陽子 (ja) (ようし, yōshi)
• Khmer: មូលាណូ (moul la no), ប្រូតុង (bro tong)
• Korean: 양자(陽子) (ko) (yangja), 양성자(陽性子) (ko) (yangseongja)
• Latin: proton, protonis
• Latvian: protons m
• Malay: proton (ms)
• Maori: iraoho
• Marathi: प्राणू (prāṇū)
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: proton (no) n

  Nynorsk: proton (nn) n

• Persian: پروتون‎ (fa) (prutun)
• Polish: proton (pl) m
• Portuguese: próton (pt) m (Brazil), protão (pt) (Portugal)
• Romanian: proton (ro) m
• Russian: прото́н (ru) m (protón)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: про̀то̄н m

  Roman: pròtōn (sh) m

• Slovene: proton (sl) m
• Spanish: protón (es)
• Swedish: proton (sv) c
• Tagalog: mulasik
• Thai: โปรตอน (th) (bproo-dtɔn)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: proton (tr)
• Vietnamese: proton (vi)
• Yiddish: פּראָטאָן‎ m (proton)

Anagrams

• Porton, pronto

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Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

proton (plural protone)

1. (physics) proton

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Breton

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpro.tːɔ̃n/

Noun

proton m (collective, plural protonennoù, singulative protonenn)

1. (physics) protons

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Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈproton]
• Rhymes: -oton

Noun

proton m

1. proton

Further reading

• proton in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• proton in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʰʁoˈtˢoˀn]
• Rhymes: -oːˀn

Noun

proton c (singular definite protonen, plural indefinite protoner)

1. (physics) proton

Declension

Declension of proton

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	proton	protonen	protoner	protonerne
genitive	protons	protonens	protoners	protonernes

References

• “proton” in Den Danske Ordbog

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

proton n (plural protonen)

1. (physics) proton

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʁɔ.tɔ̃/

• audio

  (file)

• Audio (Paris)

  (file)

Noun

proton m (plural protons)

1. (physics) proton

Further reading

• “proton”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈproton]
• Hyphenation: pro‧ton
• Rhymes: -on

Noun

proton (plural protonok)

1. (physics) proton (positively charged subatomic particle)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	proton	protonok
accusative	protont	protonokat
dative	protonnak	protonoknak
instrumental	protonnal	protonokkal
causal-final	protonért	protonokért
translative	protonná	protonokká
terminative	protonig	protonokig
essive-formal	protonként	protonokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	protonban	protonokban
superessive	protonon	protonokon
adessive	protonnál	protonoknál
illative	protonba	protonokba
sublative	protonra	protonokra
allative	protonhoz	protonokhoz
elative	protonból	protonokból
delative	protonról	protonokról
ablative	protontól	protonoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	protoné	protonoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	protonéi	protonokéi

Possessive forms of proton
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	protonom	protonjaim
2nd person sing.	protonod	protonjaid
3rd person sing.	protonja	protonjai
1st person plural	protonunk	protonjaink
2nd person plural	protonotok	protonjaitok
3rd person plural	protonjuk	protonjaik

Further reading

• proton in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

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Indonesian

Noun

proton

1. (physics) A proton.

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Latin

Etymology

From the neuter form πρῶτον (prôton) of Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈproː.ton/, [ˈproːt̪ɔn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpro.ton/, [ˈprɔːt̪on]

Noun

prōton m (genitive prōtōnis); third declension

1. (physics, New Latin) proton

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	prōton	prōtōnēs
Genitive	prōtōnis	prōtōnum
Dative	prōtōnī	prōtōnibus
Accusative	prōtōnem	prōtōnēs
Ablative	prōtōne	prōtōnibus
Vocative	prōton	prōtōnēs

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Malay

Noun

proton (plural proton-proton, informal 1st possessive protonku, 2nd possessive protonmu, 3rd possessive protonnya)

1. proton

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton)

Noun

proton n (definite singular protonet, indefinite plural proton or protoner, definite plural protona or protonene)

1. (physics) proton

References

• “proton” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton)

Noun

proton n (definite singular protonet, indefinite plural proton, definite plural protona)

1. (physics) proton

References

• “proton” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈprɔ.tɔn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔtɔn
• Syllabification: pro‧ton

Noun

proton m inan

1. proton

Declension

Declension of proton

	singular	plural
nominative	proton	protony
genitive	protonu	protonów
dative	protonowi	protonom
accusative	proton	protony
instrumental	protonem	protonami
locative	protonie	protonach
vocative	protonie	protony

Derived terms

adjective

• protonowy

 

noun

• antyproton

 

Further reading

• proton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• proton in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Romanian

Etymology

From French proton

Noun

proton m (plural protoni)

1. proton

Declension

Declension of proton

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) proton	protonul	(niște) protoni	protonii
genitive/dative	(unui) proton	protonului	(unor) protoni	protonilor
vocative	protonule		protonilor

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Serbo-Croatian

Noun

pròtōn m (Cyrillic spelling про̀то̄н)

1. proton

Declension

Declension of proton

	singular	plural
nominative	pròtōn	protoni
genitive	protóna	protona
dative	protonu	protonima
accusative	proton	protone
vocative	protone	protoni
locative	protonu	protonima
instrumental	protonom	protonima

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /prʊˈtoːn/

Noun

proton c

1. (physics) proton

Declension

Declension of proton
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	proton	protonen	protoner	protonerna
Genitive	protons	protonens	protoners	protonernas

See also

• neutron
• elektron