域

域 U+57DF, 域 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57DF ← 埞 [U+57DE] CJK Unified Ideographs 埠 → [U+57E0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

域 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土戈口一 (GIRM), four-corner 4315₀, composition ⿰土或)

Derived characters

• 𪅫

References

• KangXi: page 230, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5158
• Dae Jaweon: page 466, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 451, character 2
• Unihan data for U+57DF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		域
alternative forms		𡌳 㽣 䧕 𢨊 㵄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 域
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
幗	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
慖	*kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
簂	*kʷɯːɡs
蔮	*kʷɯːɡs
國	*kʷɯːɡ
或	*ɡʷɯːɡ
惑	*ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮	*ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ
閾	*qʰʷrɯɡ
緎	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
淢	*qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
域	*ɢʷrɯɡ
罭	*ɢʷrɯɡ
棫	*ɡʷrɯɡ
琙	*ɡʷrɯɡ
魊	*ɡʷrɯɡ
馘	*kʷrɯːɡ
聝	*kʷrɯːɡ
膕	*kʷrɯːɡ
摑	*kʷrɯːɡ
漍	*kʷrɯːɡ
嘓	*kʷrɯːɡ
蟈	*kʷrɯːɡ
掝	*qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧	*qʷrɯɡ
稶	*qʷɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷrɯɡ): semantic 土 + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ).

Etymology

國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ, “state”) is the k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “territory”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 國 for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): üo²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wik⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): vet⁵, vak²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vet
• Jin (Wiktionary): yeh⁴
• Min Bei (KCR): ṳ̆
• Min Dong (BUC): ĭk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ia̍k / e̍k / hia̍k / he̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): ⁵hhioq; ⁵hhyq
• Xiang (Wiktionary): y⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: üo²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yo²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wik⁶
    • Yale: wihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɪk̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: vet⁵, vak²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vet̚³²/, /vak̚⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vet
    • Hakka Romanization System: ved`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ved⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /vet̚²/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: yeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
    • Tâi-lô: i̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiak
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /hiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ⁵hhioq; ⁵hhyq
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi̯ʊʔ¹²/, /ɦɥ̯ɪʔ¹²/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: y⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 域
Mandarin	Beijing	/y⁵¹/
	Harbin	/y⁵³/
	Tianjin	/y⁵³/
	Jinan	/y²¹³/
	Qingdao	/y⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/y³¹²/
	Xi'an	/y⁴⁴/
	Xining	/y²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/y¹³/
	Lanzhou	/y¹³/
	Ürümqi	/y²¹³/
	Wuhan	/y²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yo³¹/
	Guiyang	/iu²¹/
	Kunming	/iu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʐuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/yəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/yʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/yaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦioʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/yʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/ȵy¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/y²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/y²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan	/vet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wek̚²/
	Nanning	/wek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/wek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ik̚⁵/ /hik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/iʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/y²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hok̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hek̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦwɨk̚/

Rime
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	蒸 (135)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨逼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwik̚/
Li Rong	/ɣiuək̚/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷrək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ hwik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷrək/
English	territory
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	域
Reading #	1/1
No.	5554
Phonetic component	或
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	域
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷrɯɡ/

Definitions

域

1. fief
2. territory; district; region; land
3. scope; range

   定義域／定义域  ―  dìngyìyù  ―  domain

   值域  ―  zhíyù  ―  range

4. cemetery
5. residence
6. (mathematics) field
7. (computing) domain

   域名  ―  yùmíng  ―  domain name

8. (taxonomy) domain

Compounds

• 不分畛域 (bùfēnzhěnyù)
• 仙域
• 兆域
• 全域 (quányù)
• 全天域
• 地域 (dìyù)
• 地域性 (dìyùxìng)
• 域中 (yùzhōng)
• 域外 (yùwài)
• 境域 (jìngyù)
• 寰域
• 封域
• 日域
• 水域 (shuǐyù)
• 流域 (liúyù)
• 海域 (hǎiyù)
• 珠江流域

• 畛域 (zhěnyù)
• 疆域 (jiāngyù)
• 管制空域
• 西域 (Xīyù)
• 邦域
• 雪域 (xuěyù)
• 音域 (yīnyù)
• 鬼域
• 兩河流域／两河流域 (Liǎnghé Liúyù)
• 區域／区域 (qūyù)
• 區域網路／区域网路 (qūyù wǎnglù)
• 區域聯防／区域联防
• 區域計畫／区域计画
• 區域變質／区域变质
• 地域觀念／地域观念
• 塋域／茔域
• 壽域／寿域

• 專屬海域／专属海域
• 殊方異域／殊方异域
• 殊方絕域／殊方绝域
• 生活領域／生活领域
• 異域／异域 (yìyù)
• 管制區域／管制区域
• 粵江流域／粤江流域
• 絕域／绝域
• 絕域殊方／绝域殊方
• 絕域異方／绝域异方
• 經濟海域／经济海域
• 罰球區域／罚球区域
• 聖域／圣域
• 西域記／西域记
• 遐方絕域／遐方绝域
• 領域／领域 (lǐngyù)

See also

• (Taxonomy) 生物分類學／生物分类学; 域 (yù, “domain”), 界 (jiè, “kingdom”), 門／门 (mén, “phylum”), 綱／纲 (gāng, “class”), 目 (mù, “order”), 科 (kē, “family”), 屬／属 (shǔ, “genus”), 種／种 (zhǒng, “species”) ^{(Category: zh:Taxonomy)}

Japanese

Kanji

域

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. range
2. region
3. limits
4. stage
5. level

Readings

• Go-on: いき (iki, Jōyō)^{←ゐき (wiki, historical)}
• Kan-on: よく (yoku)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
域
いき Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 域 (MC ɦwɨk̚). Compare modern Cantonese 域 (wik⁶, /wɪk̚²/).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) い​き [íꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ikʲi]

Noun

域(いき) • (iki) ^{←ゐき (wiki)?}

1. region, level

Affix

域(いき) • (iki) ^{←ゐき (wiki)?}

1. range, region, limits, stage, level
2. land, territory

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 域 (MC ɦwɨk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (yék) (Yale: yek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

域 (eumhun 지경 역 (jigyeong yeok))

1. Hanja form^? of 역 (“region”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 광역 (廣域, gwang'yeok)
• 구역 (區域, guyeok)
• 권역 (圈域, gwonyeok)
• 영역 (領域, yeong'yeok)
• 지역 (地域, jiyeok)
• 역내 (域內, yeongnae)
• 해역 (海域, haeyeok)
• 수역 (水域, suyeok)
• 유역 (流域, yuyeok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

域: Hán Nôm readings: vực, bực, vác, vặc, vức

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.