翟

Translingual edit

Han character edit

翟 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 尸一人土 (SMOG), four-corner 1721₄, composition ⿱羽隹)

Derived characters edit

㒛, 嚁, 𡒔, 嬥, 𡽢, 𢖈, 𢣷, 擢, 濯, 㺟, 𫾥, 曜, 櫂, 𣩰, 燿, 𤛹, 𦡱, 𤾫, 矅, 𥜔, 𥣞, 䊮, 䌦, 蠗, 耀, 𧥋, 𬣑, 𧸭, 躍, 𨤠, 𠑝, 鑃, 𩍪, 𦒰, 䴞
䢰, 𣰞, 趯, 𩴹, 𫦼, 𨞩, 戳, 𭣟, 㪬, 𣤩, 𭯪, 𩁙, 鸐(𱊱), 藋, 籊, 㿑, 𩱲

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 957, character 32
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28727
Dae Jaweon: page 1403, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3350, character 6
Unihan data for U+7FDF

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 翟
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (翟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
櫂	*r'eːwɢs
濯	r'eːwɢs, r'eːwɢ
耀	*lewɢs
曜	*lewɢs
燿	*lewɢs
糶	*l̥ʰeːwɢs
粜	*l̥ʰeːwɢs
嬥	l'eːw, l'eːwʔ, l'eːwɢs, r'eːwɢ
藋	*l'eːwɢs
躍	*lewɢ
戳	*r'eːwɢ
擢	*r'eːwɢ
蠗	*r'eːwɢ
鸐	*r'eːwɢ
翟	r'aːwɢ, l'eːwɢ
趯	*l̥ʰeːwɢ
籊	l̥ʰeːwɢ, l'eːwɢ
糴	*l'eːwɢ
䊮	*l'eːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羽 (“feather”) + 隹 (“bird”).

Etymology 1 edit

trad.		翟
simp. ^#		翟
alternative forms		狄

Schuessler (2007) suggests that the name of the long-tailed pheasant is related to 濯 (OC *d-liauk, “clean, brilliant, glossy; to moisten, to wash”) and its exopassive 濯 (OC *d-liaukh, “to wash clothes”) owing to the birds' shiny feathers. See there for further etymology.

STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rik ~ *s-rjak (“pheasant, partridge”).

Goldin (2011) proposes that 翟 (dí) and 狄 (dí, “northern foreigners”) are related, 狄 (dí) being a "pseudo-ethnonym" meaning "feathered".

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dí (di²)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dik⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸diq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dí
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dí
  - Wade–Giles: ti²
  - Yale: dí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
  - Palladius: ди (di)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dik⁶
  - Yale: dihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸diq
  - MiniDict: dih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵diq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: dek

Rime
Character	翟
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒歷切
Baxter	dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/diek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤewk/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'eːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	翟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁewk/
English	pheasant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	翟
Reading #	2/2
No.	2231
Phonetic component	翟
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	荻
Old Chinese	/*l'eːwɢ/
Notes	即表有長尾羽之雉

Definitions edit

翟

(archaic) a long-tailed species of pheasant
- 羽畎夏翟 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 7^th – 4^th centuries BCE
  yǔquǎn xiàdí [Pinyin]
  variegated long-tailed pheasants from the ravines of Feather Mountain.
(historical) pheasant plumes used in dances
- 左手執籥、右手秉翟。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  左手执籥、右手秉翟。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zuǒ shǒu zhí yào, yòu shǒu bǐng dí. [Pinyin]
  I grasp a flute with my left hand; I hold a pheasant's feather in my right hand.
(obsolete) things decorated with pheasant plumes
- 玼兮玼兮、其之翟也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Cǐ xī cǐ xī, qí zhī dí yě. [Pinyin]
  How rich and splendid is her pheasant-feather-decorated robe!
Alternative form of 狄
- 夫先王之制，邦內甸服，邦外侯服，侯衛賓服，夷蠻要服，戎翟荒服。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  夫先王之制，邦内甸服，邦外侯服，侯卫宾服，夷蛮要服，戎翟荒服。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Fú xiānwáng zhī zhì, bāngnèi diànfú, bāngwài hóufú, hóuwèi bīnfú, yímán yàofú, róngdí huāngfú. [Pinyin]
  According to the former kings' plan: insides the state should be the royal domain, outsides the state the nobility's domain, the nobility's attendants in the guest domain, the Yi and Man in the restricted domain, the Rong and Di in the desolate domain.

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

trad.		翟
simp. ^#		翟

Wikipedia has articles on:

翟姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Zhai (English)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhái (zhai²)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k / the̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸zaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhái
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhái
  - Wade–Giles: chai²
  - Yale: jái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jair
  - Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaak⁶
  - Yale: jaahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: the̍k
  - Tâi-lô: thi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɪk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁸zaq
  - MiniDict: zah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zaʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: draek

Rime
Character	翟
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	瑒伯切
Baxter	draek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖaɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/ȡɐk̚/
Wang Li	/ȡɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zak⁶