Wiktionary

羽

羽 U+7FBD, 羽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FBD
← 羼
[U+7FBC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 羾 →
[U+7FBE]
⽻ U+2F7B, ⽻
KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER
← ⽺
[U+2F7A] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽼ →
[U+2F7C]

羽 U+FA1E, 羽
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1E
← 精
[U+FA1D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 﨟 →
[U+FA1F]

Translingual edit

Japanese 羽
Simplified 羽
Traditional 羽
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms edit

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 124 羽

羽 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸一尸戈一 (SMSIM) or 尸竹尸竹竹 (SHSHH), four-corner 17120, composition ⿰习习(GHTJV) or ⿰⿹𠃌⿱丿丿⿹𠃌⿱丿丿(K or U+FA1E))

  1. Kangxi radical #124, ⽻.

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 955, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28614
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1400, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3341, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7FBD

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 羽
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (羽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
詡 *qʰʷaʔ
栩 *qʰʷaʔ, *ɢʷaʔ
珝 *qʰʷaʔ
祤 *qʰʷaʔ, *ɢʷaʔ
羽 *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas
頨 *peːns, *ɢʷaʔ, *qʰʷan

Pictogram (象形) : wings or feathers.

Etymology 1 edit

trad. 羽
simp. # 羽
alternative forms 𦏲

Either from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwa (“feather”), whence Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”) (Coblin, 1986; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; STEDT), or *w(a/u) (“bird; egg; wing; fowl”) (Matisoff, 2000; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2021b; STEDT).

Pronunciation edit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 羽
Mandarin Beijing /y²¹⁴/
Harbin /y²¹³/
Tianjin /y¹³/
Jinan /y⁵⁵/
Qingdao /y⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /y⁵³/
Xi'an /y⁵³/
Xining /y⁵³/
Yinchuan /y⁵³/
Lanzhou /y¹³/
Ürümqi /y⁵¹/
Wuhan /y⁴²/
Chengdu /y⁵³/
Guiyang /i⁴²/
Kunming /i⁵³/
Nanjing /y²¹²/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /y⁵³/
Pingyao /y⁵³/
Hohhot /y⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦy²³/
Suzhou /y⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔz̩ʷ⁵³/
Wenzhou /vu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /y³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵy²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y⁴¹/
Xiangtan /y²¹/
Gan Nanchang /y²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /i⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²³/
Nanning /y²⁴/
Hong Kong /jy²³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /u⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /y³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /u⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³¹/
Rime
Character 羽 羽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 王矩切 王遇切
Baxter hjuX hjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨoX/ /ɦɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦioX/ /ɦioH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣioX/ /ɣioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuə̆X/ /ɦuə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ɣioX/ /ɣioH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭuX/ /ɣĭuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯uX/ /i̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǔ yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu5 jyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 羽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷ(r)aʔ/
English feather, wing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 羽 羽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15946 15950
Phonetic
component 		羽 羽
Rime
group 		魚 魚
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		羽 芋
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷaʔ/ /*ɢʷas/

Definitions edit

羽

  1. feather; plume
  2. wing
  3. † birds
  4. Classifier for birds.
  5. † fletching
  6. † arrow
  7. † banner; flag
  8. † letter (written communication)
  9. † feather fan
  10. † float (object attached to a fishing line)
  11. † friends; comrades
    黨羽／党羽  ―  dǎngyǔ  ―  clique
  12. (music) fifth note in the Chinese pentatonic scale
  13. a surname
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 翅膀 (“wing (of a bird or insect)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 翼, 翅, 羽, 翎, 𦑜, 翮 of a bird
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 翅膀, 翼, 翅, 翼翅, 羽翼
Mandarin Beijing 翅膀兒, 翅膀子, 膀兒, 翅兒
Taiwan 翅膀
Harbin 翅膀兒
Yantai (Muping) 翅膀兒, 翅子
Jinan 翅膀
Luoyang 翅膀
Wanrong 翅關
Wanrong (Ronghe) 翅膀
Zhengzhou 翅膀
Xi'an 翅膀
Yinchuan 膀子
Lanzhou 膀子
Xining 膀膀
Ürümqi 膀子
Wuhan 翅膀
Huanggang 翅桿
Chengdu 翅膀兒, 翅膀
Muli 翅膀
Guiyang 翅膀
Guilin 翅膀, 翅拐
Liuzhou 翅膀
Xuzhou 翅膀, 翅膀子, 翅膀兒
Yangzhou 翅膀
Nanjing 翅膀
Hefei 翅膀子, 膀子
Nantong 翅刮
Changle (Qinjiang) 膀子
Yanping 翅膀
Malaysia 翅膀
Singapore 翅膀
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 膀子, 翅膀, 翅膀兒, 翅膀膀兒
Cantonese Guangzhou 翼
Hong Kong 翼
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 翼
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 翼
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 翼
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 翼
Macau 翼
Guangzhou (Panyu) 翼
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 翼
Guangzhou (Conghua) 翼
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 翼
Foshan 翼
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 翼
Foshan (Shunde) 翼
Foshan (Sanshui) 翼
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 翼
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 翼
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 翼
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 翼
Zhuhai (Doumen) 翼
Jiangmen (Baisha) 翼
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 翼
Taishan 翼
Kaiping (Chikan) 翼
Enping (Niujiang) 翼
Heshan (Yayao) 翼
Dongguan 翼
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 翼
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 翼
Yangjiang 翼
Nanning 翼
Wuzhou 翼
Yulin 翼
Hepu (Lianzhou) 翼
Danzhou 翼
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 翼
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 翼
Singapore (Guangfu) 翼
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 翼
Yangon (Taishan) 翼
Mandalay (Taishan) 翼
Gan Nanchang 翼膀, 翅膀
Lichuan 翼, 翼膀
Pingxiang 翼胛, 翼巴
Hakka Meixian 翼胛
Xingning 翼拍
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 翼
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 翼盼
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 翼盼
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 翼
Huidong (Daling) 翼拍
Dongguan (Qingxi) 翼
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 翼拍
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 翼
Boluo (Bendihua) 翼, 翼拍
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 翼
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 翼
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 翼
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 翼拍
Wuhua (Huacheng) 翼拍
Wuhua (Changbu) 翼拍
Wuhua (Mianyang) 翼拍
Heyuan (Bendihua) 翼膀
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 翼拍
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 翼
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 翼
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 翼
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 翼膀
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 翼
Wengyuan 翼
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 翼拍
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 翼
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 翼拍
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 翼, 翅
Liannan 翼
Conghua (Lütian) 翼
Jiexi 翼
Luhe 翼
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 翼
Changting 翼拍
Wuping 翼胛
Wuping (Yanqian) 翼胛
Wuping (Pingyu) 翼拍
Liancheng 翼汗
Ninghua 翼拍, 翼胛
Yudu 翅膀, 翼膀
Ningdu 翼拍
Ruijin 翼拍
Shicheng 翼拍, 翼膀
Shangyou (Shexi) 翼膀
Tonggu (Sandu) 翼拍
Ganzhou (Panlong) 翅膀
Dayu 翅膀
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 翼胛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 翼胛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 翼胛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 翼胛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 翼胛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 翼
Hong Kong 翼
Yangxi (Tangkou) 翼
Yangchun (Sanjia) 翼
Xinyi (Sihe) 翼
Xinyi (Qianpai) 翼
Gaozhou (Xindong) 翼
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 翼
Huazhou (Xin'an) 翼
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 翼
Lianjiang (Qingping) 翼
Mengshan (Xihe) 翼
Luchuan 翼
Luchuan (Daqiao) 翼
Sabah (Longchuan) 翼
Senai (Huiyang) 翼
Singkawang 翼
Huizhou Jixi 翼梭
Tunxi 翼膀, 肘翼, 肘翼膀
Yixian 脊
Qimen 翅翼, 翅扇, 翅扇兒
Wuyuan 翼膀
Fuliang 翅翼兒
Jin Taiyuan 翅膀
Xinzhou 翅膀
Hohhot 翅膀, 膀子, 翅翅
Northern Min Jian'ou 翼
Jian'ou (Dikou) 翼
Songxi 刻
Zhenghe 翼
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 翼匹
Jianyang 刻
Wuyishan 刻
Pucheng (Shibei) 刻
Eastern Min Fuzhou 翼, 翼翼
Changle 翼
Fuqing 翼, 翼翼
Yongtai 翼胛
Gutian 翼
Fu'an 翼
Ningde 翼
Shouning 翼髀
Zhouning 翼
Fuding 翼膀
Matsu 翼
Southern Min Xiamen 翼, 翼股, 翼仔
Quanzhou 翼, 翼股, 翼仔
Jinjiang 翼股
Zhangzhou 翼, 翼股, 翼仔
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 翼胛
Dongshan 翼
Kaohsiung 翼仔
Yilan 翼
Changhua (Lukang) 翼
Taichung 翼
Taichung (Wuqi) 翼股
Tainan 翼仔
Taitung 翼
Hsinchu 翼
Penghu (Magong) 翼
Penang (Hokkien) 翼
Singapore (Hokkien) 翼
Manila (Hokkien) 翼, 翼股
Longyan 翼股
Zhangping (Yongfu) 翼
Datian 翼
Pingnan (Shangdu) 翼
Chaozhou 翼
Shantou 翼
Jieyang 翼
Bangkok (Teochew) 翼
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 翼
Hat Yai (Teochew) 翼
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 翼
Singapore (Teochew) 翼
Leizhou 翼
Wenchang 翼
Haikou 翼
Singapore (Hainanese) 翼
Puxian Min Putian 翼
Putian (Donghai) 翼, 翼股
Putian (Jiangkou) 翼
Putian (Nanri) 翼
Xianyou 翼
Xianyou (Fengting) 翼
Xianyou (Youyang) 翼
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 翼, 翅膀
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 翅膀
Wu Shanghai 翅膀, 翨𦑜
Shanghai (Chongming) 扇肩
Suzhou 翅膀, 翨𦑜
Wuxi 翅膀
Danyang 翅膀
Hangzhou 翼翅膀
Ningbo 翼梢, 翼梢膀
Wenzhou 翼, 翼膀
Jinhua 翼膀
Xiang Changsha 翼胛, 翅膀
Xiangtan 翼胛
Loudi 翼胛
Shuangfeng 翼胛
Quanzhou 翅桿, 翅膀
Coordinate terms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (羽):
  • → Japanese: 羽(う) (u)
  • → Korean: 우(羽) (u)
  • → Vietnamese: vũ (羽)

Etymology 2 edit

trad. 羽
simp. # 羽

Based on a commentary to the following passage from the Kao Gong Ji in the Rites of Zhou by the Eastern Han scholar Zheng Xuan (鄭玄, 127–200): 「弓而羽閷，末應將發。」 The Tang-era scholar Jia Gongyan (賈公彥) considers Zheng's reading as 破讀／破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”). The textual quality of the passage, along with the meaning of the Zheng–Jia commentaries, has been called into question.[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • Uncertain, based on the pronunciation of 戶 (MC huX) < 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ), homophonic to 扈 (MC huX), according to the Zheng–Jia tradition (see the Etymology section).

    Definitions edit

    羽

    1. † The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
      1. slow and relaxed (the same as 緩)

    References edit

    1. ^ 江永 [Jiāngyǒng] (1791) 周禮疑義舉要 (in Chinese), 冬官考工記: “「下柎之弓」節…未知其所以然，不敢強解。”
    2. ^ 孫詒讓 (1899) 周禮正義 (in Chinese), 楚學社, 冬官考工記: “段玉裁云「此易其字」。案經典「扈」無「緩」訓，未詳所出。”

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai 羽
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    羽
    &#xFA1E;
    or
    羽+&#xFE00;?         		 
    羽󠄀
    羽+&#xE0100;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    羽󠄃
    羽+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji edit

    羽

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    羽
    はね
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    羽根
    羽子
    翅

    Appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.[2]

    Compound of 羽 (ha, “feather”, see below) +‎ 根 (ne, “root”), originally referring specifically to where the quill of a feather attaches to the skin. Over time, the meaning broadened to refer to a feather, and from there, to refer to a wing.[2]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    羽(はね) • (hane) 

    1. (archaic) the portion of a feather where the quill attaches to the skin
      Synonyms: (rare) 羽茎 (haguki), (rare) 翮 (kaku)
    2. a feather, down, plume
      Synonym: 羽毛 (umō)
    3. a wing (as of a bird, bat, insect, or airplane)
      Synonym: 翼 (tsubasa)
    4. a fletching on an arrow
      Synonyms: 矢羽根, 矢羽 (yabane)
    5. a shuttlecock
      Synonym: 羽子 (hago)
    6. a blade (of a fan)
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms

    Proper noun edit

    羽(はね) • (Hane) 

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    羽
    は
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.

    May be cognate with 葉 (ha, “leaf”).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    羽(は) • (ha) 

    1. a feather (including synthetic feathers, as on a modern shuttlecock)
    2. a wing (as of a bird, bat, insect, or airplane)
      Synonym: 翼 (tsubasa)
    3. a fletching on an arrow
    4. (archery) when a bow is strung, the distance between the grip and the serving (nocking point) on the bowstring
    5. the thin, flange-like overhanging part of a tea ceremony kettle
    6. Short for 羽振り (haburi): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    7. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of bird feathers
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms
    Idioms edit

    Counter edit

    羽(は) or 羽(ば) or 羽(ぱ) or 羽(わ) • (-ha or -ba or -pa or -wa) 

    1. counter for birds
    2. counter for leporids
    Usage notes edit

    When suffixed, the -ha changes to either ば (-ba) or ぱ (-pa) due of

    The template Template:ja-rendaku does not use the parameter(s): 
    sort=は
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

    rendaku (連濁), or わ (-wa) due to ハ行転呼音 (ha-gyō tenkoon, “historical ha-column sound shift”), as in /-p-/ → /-ɸ-/ → /-w-/.

    Derived terms edit
    Japanese number-counter combinations for 羽
    1 2 3 4 5
    一(いち)羽(わ) (ichiwa) 二(に)羽(わ) (niwa) 三(さん)羽(わ) (sanwa)
    三(さん)羽(ば) (sanba)     		四(よん)羽(わ) (yonwa)
    四(よ)羽(わ) (yowa)
    四(よん)羽(ば) (yonba)     		五(ご)羽(わ) (gowa)
    6 7 8 9 10
    六(ろく)羽(わ) (rokuwa)
    六(ろっ)羽(ぱ) (roppa)     		七(なな)羽(わ) (nanawa)
    七(しち)羽(わ) (shichiwa)     		八(はち)羽(わ) (hachiwa)
    八(はっ)羽(ぱ) (happa)     		九(きゅう)羽(わ) (kyūwa) 十(じゅう)羽(わ) (jūwa)
    十(じゅっ)羽(ぱ) (juppa)
    十(じっ)羽(ぱ) (jippa)
    100 1,000 10,000 How many?
    百(ひゃく)羽(わ) (hyakuwa)
    百(ひゃっ)羽(ぱ) (hyappa)     		千(せん)羽(わ) (senwa)
    千(せん)羽(ば) (senba)     		一(いち)万(まん)羽(わ) (ichimanwa)
    一(いち)万(まん)羽(ば) (ichimanba)     		何(なん)羽(わ) (nanwa)
    何(なん)羽(ば) (nanba)

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    羽
    う
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 羽 (MC hjuX|hjuH).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    羽(う) • (u) 

    1. (music) the fifth and highest note in the Chinese pentatonic scale
      Hypernyms: 五音, 五韻 (goin)

    Affix edit

    羽(う) • (u) 

    1. wing (of a bird or insect)
    2. (historical) Short for 出羽国 (Dewa-no-kuni): Dewa Province
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms

    References edit

    1. ^ “羽”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    羽 (eumhun 깃 우 (git u))

    1. Hanja form? of 우 (“feather”).

    羽 (eumhun 늦출 호 (neutchul ho))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Old Japanese edit

    Etymology edit

    First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

    Possibly cognate with 葉 (pa, “leaf”).

    Noun edit

    羽 (pa) (kana は)

    1. a feather, down, plume
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4494:
        水鳥乃可毛羽能伊呂乃青馬乎家布美流比等波可芸利奈之等伊布
        mi1duto2ri no2 kamopa no2 iro2 no2 awouma wo ke1pu mi1ru hi1to2 pa kagi1ri nasi to2 ipu
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    2. a wing (of an insect)
    3. a fletching on an arrow

    Derived terms edit

    Descendants edit

    • Japanese: 羽 (は, ha, ば, -ba, ぱ, -pa, わ, -wa)

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    羽: Hán Nôm readings: võ, vũ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Zhuang edit

    Noun edit

    羽

    1. Sawndip form of fwed (“wing”)
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