не
BelarusianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): [nʲe]
- IPA(key): [nʲa] (before a stressed syllable, even if no change in spelling)
Audio (file)
AdverbEdit
не • (nje)
- no (word used to indicate disagreement or negative)
Alternative formsEdit
- ня (nja) – Taraškievica orthography (before a stressed syllable)
ParticleEdit
не • (nje)
- not
- я не разуме́ю ― ja nje razumjéju ― I don't understand
Usage notesEdit
- By some standards and conventions не (nje) is always written, even if it's pronounced as ня (nja).
- ня (nja) can sometimes be replaced with не (nje) but не (nje) can't be replaced with ня (nja) if it's not in a pre-tonal position, for example:
- я ня ве́даю (ja nja vjédaju) = я не ве́даю (ja nje vjédaju)
я ня разуме́ю (ja nja razumjéju) =я не разуме́ю (ja nje razumjéju)
- ня (nja) can't replace не (nje) in any stressed position or as an adverb no (word used to indicate disagreement or negative)
BulgarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
не • (ne)
- used to show disagreement or negation, no
- Не, грешиш.
- Ne, grešiš.
- No, you are mistaken.
- Не, сега не може да гледаш телевизия.
- Ne, sega ne može da gledaš televizija.
- No, you may not watch television now.
- used to negate the meaning of the following word or phrase, not, n't
- Не знам.
- Ne znam.
- I don't know.
- Не мога.
- Ne moga.
- I cannot.
- Мария не им даде възможност да се извинят.
- Marija ne im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.
- Maria didn't give them a chance to apologize.
- Не Мария им даде възможност да се извинят.
- Ne Marija im dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.
- It was not Maria who gave them a chance to apologize. (Someone else did.)
- Не на тях Мария даде възможност да се извинят.
- Ne na tjah Marija dade vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat.
- It was not to them that Maria gave a chance to apologize. (She gave it to someone else.)
- Не възможност да се извинят им даде Мария.
- Ne vǎzmožnost da se izvinjat im dade Marija.
- It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them something else.)
- Не да се извинят им даде възможност Мария.
- Ne da se izvinjat im dade vǎzmožnost Marija.
- It was not a chance to apologize that Maria gave them. (She gave them a chance to do something else.)
MacedonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
не • (ne)
ParticleEdit
не • (ne)
Old Church SlavonicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
ParticleEdit
не • (ne)
Related termsEdit
- ни (ni)
Old East SlavicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ne. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic не (ne) and Old Polish nie.
PronunciationEdit
- (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /nɛ/
- (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /nʲɛ/
- (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /nʲɛ/
- Hyphenation: не
ParticleEdit
не (ne)
- no
- not
- 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik[1], page 2:
- не рече оустꙑ тъчью иꙁгл҃аахъ·
- ne reče usty tŭčĭju izgl:aaxŭ·
- He didn't say: I just pronounced [them] with [my] mouth;
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “не”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][2] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 354
RussianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Cognates include Lithuanian ne, Old English ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni), Irish ní, Latin ne, Sanskrit न (ná).
PronunciationEdit
- (unstressed) IPA(key): [nʲɪ]
- (stressed) IPA(key): [ˈnʲe]
Audio (file) - Homophone: ни (ni) (when unstressed)
ParticleEdit
не • (ne)
- (negative in full) not, no, -n't, without
- Idiomatic negative usage
- (мне) не по себе́ ― (mne) ne po sebé ― (I) feel sick; (I) feel uncomfortable
- не раз ― ne raz ― more than once (literary: not once); time and again; repeatedly; many a time
- тем не ме́нее ― tem ne méneje ― nevertheless
- (partial negative) perhaps not, whether ... or not
- will never (implying impossibility to do something)
- (usually not translated, gives affirmative meaning for expression, especially in exclamations)
Usage notesEdit
не sometimes appears stressed, e.g. in the past negative of быть (bytʹ, “to be”), where the forms appear as не́ был (né byl), не была́ (ne bylá), не́ было (né bylo), не́ были (né byli) (i.e. не is stressed in the masculine singular, the neuter singular and the plural, but not the feminine singular).
PrefixEdit
не • (ne)
- (With prepositions and pronouns не actually is a prefix, in spite of the fact that it is written separately.)
InterjectionEdit
не • (ne)
- (colloquial) no (used to show disagreement or negation)
- Synonym: (standard and common term) нет (net)
- Помо́жешь мне? Не, да́же и не ду́май. ― Pomóžešʹ mne? Ne, dáže i ne dúmaj. ― Will you help me? No, don't even think about it.
See alsoEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
не (Latin spelling ne)
- not (denoting negation)
- Не знам. ― I don't know.
- Он је не само даровит, већ и јако марљив. ― He is not only talented, but also very industrious.
- хтео-не хтео ― whether you want it or not
- Да не спаваш? ― Aren't you sleeping?
- Не могу, а да не… ― I cannot but…
- рећи не ― to say no, refuse, decline
- не мање него… ― no less then…
- не доћи ― to fail to come, not come
- … Зар не? ― … Aren't you? (Do you?, Don't you?)
InterjectionEdit
не (Latin spelling ne)
- no
- Да ли си демократа? Не! ― Are you a democrat? No!
SynonymsEdit
- јок (dialectal, from Turkish)
AntonymsEdit
Southern AltaiEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Turkic *nē-. Cognate with Kazakh не (ne), Karakalpak ne, Nogai не (ne, “what?”), Kyrgyz не (ne), Crimean Tatar ne, Kumyk не (ne), Bashkir ни (ni), Tatar ни (ni), Azerbaijani nə, Salar neñ, Turkish ne (“what?”), Uzbek na, Uyghur نە (ne), Khakas ноо (noo), Shor ноо, Tuvan чүү (çüü), Western Yugur ne, etc.
PronounEdit
не • (ne)
TajikEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Persian [Term?].
AdverbEdit
не • (ne)
See alsoEdit
- на (na)
Tundra NenetsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Samoyedic [Term?], from Proto-Uralic *niŋä. Cognates include Hungarian nő.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
не • (ńe)
ReferencesEdit
- A. P. Pyrerka and N. M. Tereshenko, editors (1948) Русско-Ненецкий словарь [Russian-Nenets dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 78
- Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 33
UkrainianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
не • (ne)
See alsoEdit
- ні (ni)