שבת
Aramaic
editVerb
editשְׁבַת • (šəḇaṯ)
Noun
editשַׁבַּת • (šabbaṯ)
Hebrew
editEtymology 1
editRoot |
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שׁ־ב־ת (sh-b-t) |
Possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀜𒌈 (šapattum, “the middle day of the lunar month”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA(key): [ʃaˈbat]
- (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA(key): /ʃaˈbɔs/, /ˈʃabɔs/
- (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA(key): /ʃæbˈbɔːθ/
- (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA(key): [ʃabˈbɔːθ]
Noun
editשַׁבָּת • (shabát) f (plural indefinite שַׁבָּתוֹת)
Derived terms
edit- מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת (motsa'é shabát)
- שַׁבָּתוֹן (shabatón)
- שַׁבַּת שָׁלוֹם (shabát shalóm)
- שׁוֹמֵר שַׁבָּת (shomér shabát)
Descendants
edit- → Ancient Greek: σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”)
- Greek: Σάββατο (Sávvato)
- Byzantine Greek: *σάμβατον (*sámbaton)
- → Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (sabbatō)
- → Romani: sàvato
- → Old Armenian: սաբբատ (sabbat), սաբատ (sabat)
- → Mingrelian: საბატონი (sabaṭoni) (see there for further descendants)
- → Latin: sabbatum (see there for further descendants)
- → Laz: საბატონი (sabaťoni), საპატონი (sap̌aťoni) — Sumla, Arkabi
- → Arabic: السَّبْت (as-sabt)
- → Classical Syriac: ܫܒܬܐ (šabbəṯā)
- → Old Armenian: շաբաթ (šabatʻ) (see there for further descendants)
- → Dutch: sjabbat
- → English: Shabbat
- → French: chabbat, shabbat
- → Georgian: შაბაში (šabaši)
- → German: Schabbat, Schabbath
- → Norwegian: sabbat
- → Polish: szabat
- → Romanian: Șabat
- → Russian: Шабба́т (Šabbát)
- → Yiddish: שבת (shabes)
References
editVerb
editשָׁבַת • (shavát) (pa'al construction, future ישבות / יִשְׁבֹּת)
- to stop working, to rest
- Tanach, Genesis 2:2-3, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
- וַיְכַל אֱלֹהִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃ וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים לַעֲשׂוֹת׃
- vay'khál elohím bayóm hash'vi'í m'lakhtó ashér asá vayishbót bayóm hash'vi'í mikol-m'lakhtó ashér asá. vay'várekh elohím et-yóm hash'vi'í vay'kadésh otó kí vó shavát mikol-m'lakhtó asher-bará elohím la'asót.
wayəḵal ʾĕlōhīm bayyōm haššəḇīʿī məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā wayyišbōṯ bayyōm haššəḇīʿī mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā. wayəḇā́reḵ ʾĕlōhīm ʾeṯ-yōm haššəḇīʿī wayəqaddēš ʾōṯō kī ḇō šāḇaṯ mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer-bārā ʾĕlōhīm laʿăśōṯ. - And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from all His work which God in creating had made.
- vay'khál elohím bayóm hash'vi'í m'lakhtó ashér asá vayishbót bayóm hash'vi'í mikol-m'lakhtó ashér asá. vay'várekh elohím et-yóm hash'vi'í vay'kadésh otó kí vó shavát mikol-m'lakhtó asher-bará elohím la'asót.
- to go on strike
Conjugation
editConjugation of שָׁבַת (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms |
| ||||
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finite forms | singular | plural | |||
m. | f. | m. | f. | ||
past | first | שבתתי / שָׁבַתִּי | שָׁבַתְנוּ | ||
second | שבתת / שָׁבַתָּ | שבתת / שָׁבַתְּ | שבתתם / שְׁבַתֶּם1 | שבתתן / שְׁבַתֶּן1 | |
third | שָׁבַת | שָׁבְתָה | שָׁבְתוּ | ||
present | שׁוֹבֵת | שׁוֹבֶתֶת | שׁוֹבְתִים | שׁוֹבְתוֹת | |
future | first | אשבות / אֶשְׁבֹּת | נשבות / נִשְׁבֹּת | ||
second | תשבות / תִּשְׁבֹּת | תִּשְׁבְּתִי | תִּשְׁבְּתוּ | תשבותנה / תִּשְׁבֹּתְנָה2 | |
third | ישבות / יִשְׁבֹּת | תשבות / תִּשְׁבֹּת | יִשְׁבְּתוּ | תשבותנה / תִּשְׁבֹּתְנָה2 | |
imperative | שבות / שְׁבֹת | שִׁבְתִי | שִׁבְתוּ | שבותנה / שְׁבֹתְנָה2 | |
notes |
|
Derived terms
edit- שְׁבִיתָה (sh'vitá)
Etymology 2
editRoot |
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י־שׁ־ב (y-sh-b) |
Verb
editשֶׁבֶת • (shévet)
- bare infinitive (infinitive construct or gerund) of יָשַׁב (yasháv)
Yiddish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (YIVO, Northeastern, Poylish) IPA(key): [ˈʃa.bəs]
- (Ukraynish) IPA(key): [ˈʃɔ.bəs]
- (Western Yiddish) IPA(key): [ˈʃa.vəs]
Noun
editשבת • (shabes) m, plural שבתים (shabosem)
Derived terms
edit- אַ גוטן שבת (a gutn shabes)
- גוט שבת (gut shabes)
- שבתדיק (shabesdik)
- שבת גוי (shabes goy)
Descendants
edit- → Czech: šábes
- → Dutch: sjabbes
- → English: Shabbos
- → German: Schabbes
- → Hungarian: sábesz
- → Polish: szabas
- → Swedish: shabbes
See also
editCategories:
- Aramaic lemmas
- Aramaic verbs
- Aramaic non-lemma forms
- Aramaic noun forms
- Hebrew terms belonging to the root שׁ־ב־ת
- Hebrew terms derived from Akkadian
- Hebrew terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hebrew lemmas
- Hebrew nouns
- Hebrew feminine nouns
- Hebrew terms with quotations
- Hebrew terms with archaic senses
- Hebrew verbs
- Hebrew pa'al verbs
- Hebrew terms belonging to the root י־שׁ־ב
- Hebrew non-lemma forms
- Hebrew verb forms
- Hebrew infinitives
- he:Days of the week
- Yiddish terms borrowed from Hebrew
- Yiddish terms derived from Hebrew
- Yiddish terms derived from the Hebrew root שׁ־ב־ת
- Yiddish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yiddish lemmas
- Yiddish nouns
- Yiddish masculine nouns
- yi:Days of the week