שבת
AramaicEdit
VerbEdit
שְׁבַת • (šəḇaṯ)
NounEdit
שבת • (transliteration needed)
HebrewEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Root |
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שׁ־ב־ת |
Possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒌅 (šapattu, “the middle day of the month”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA(key): [ʃaˈbat]
- (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA(key): /ʃaˈbɔs/, /ˈʃabɔs/
- (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA(key): /ʃæbˈbɔːθ/
NounEdit
שַׁבָּת • (shabát) f (plural indefinite שַׁבָּתוֹת)
DescendantsEdit
- → Ancient Greek: σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”)
- → Arabic: السَّبْت (as-sabt)
- → Classical Syriac: ܫܒܬܐ (šabbəṯā)
- → Old Armenian: շաբաթ (šabatʿ) (see there for further descendants)
- → Dutch: sjabbat
- → English: Shabbat
- → French: chabbat, shabbat
- → Georgian: შაბაში (šabaši)
- → German: Schabbat, Schabbath
- → Norwegian: sabbat
- → Polish: szabat
- → Romanian: Șabat
- → Russian: Шабба́т (Šabbát)
- → Yiddish: שבת (shabes)
VerbEdit
שָׁבַת • (shavát) (pa'al construction, future ישבות \ יִשְׁבֹּת)
- to stop working, to rest
- Genesis 2:2-3, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
- וַיְכַל אֱלֹהִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃ וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים לַעֲשׂוֹת׃
- vay'khál 'elohím bayóm hash'vi'í m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá vayishbót bayóm hash'vi'í mikol-m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá. vay'várekh 'elohím 'et-yóm hash'vi'í vay'kadésh 'otó kí vó shavát mikol-m'lakhtó 'asher-bará 'elohím la'asót.
wayəḵal ʾĕlōhīm bayyōm haššəḇīʿī məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā wayyišbōṯ bayyōm haššəḇīʿī mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā. wayəḇā́reḵ ʾĕlōhīm ʾeṯ-yōm haššəḇīʿī wayəqaddēš ʾōṯō kī ḇō šāḇaṯ mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer-bārā ʾĕlōhīm laʿăśōṯ. - And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from all His work which God in creating had made.
- vay'khál 'elohím bayóm hash'vi'í m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá vayishbót bayóm hash'vi'í mikol-m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá. vay'várekh 'elohím 'et-yóm hash'vi'í vay'kadésh 'otó kí vó shavát mikol-m'lakhtó 'asher-bará 'elohím la'asót.
- Genesis 2:2-3, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
- to go on strike
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of שָׁבַת (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms |
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
finite forms | singular | plural | |||
m. | f. | m. | f. | ||
past | first | שבתתי \ שָׁבַתִּי | שָׁבַתְנוּ | ||
second | שבתת \ שָׁבַתָּ | שבתת \ שָׁבַתְּ | שבתתם \ שְׁבַתֶּם1 | שבתתן \ שְׁבַתֶּן1 | |
third | שָׁבַת | שָׁבְתָה | שָׁבְתוּ | ||
present | שׁוֹבֵת | שׁוֹבֶתֶת | שׁוֹבְתִים | שׁוֹבְתוֹת | |
future | first | אשבות \ אֶשְׁבֹּת | נשבות \ נִשְׁבֹּת | ||
second | תשבות \ תִּשְׁבֹּת | תִּשְׁבְּתִי | תִּשְׁבְּתוּ | תשבותנה \ תִּשְׁבֹּתְנָה2 | |
third | ישבות \ יִשְׁבֹּת | תשבות \ תִּשְׁבֹּת | יִשְׁבְּתוּ | תשבותנה \ תִּשְׁבֹּתְנָה2 | |
imperative | שבות \ שְׁבֹת | שִׁבְתִי | שִׁבְתוּ | שבותנה \ שְׁבֹתְנָה2 | |
notes |
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Derived termsEdit
- שְׁבִיתָה (sh'vitá)
Etymology 2Edit
Root |
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י־שׁ־ב |
VerbEdit
שֶׁבֶת • (shévet)
- bare infinitive (infinitive construct or gerund) of יָשַׁב (yasháv)
YiddishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
שבת • (shabes) m, plural שבתים (shabosem)
Derived termsEdit
- אַ גוטן שבת (a gutn shabes)
- גוט שבת (gut shabes)
- שבתדיק (shabesdik)
DescendantsEdit
- → Czech: šábes
- → Dutch: sjabbes
- → English: Shabbos
- → German: Schabbes
- → Polish: szabas
- → Swedish: shabbes