سال

See also: ساڵ‎, سأل‎, and شال‎

Arabic

Etymology

From the root س ي ل‎ (s-y-l).

Verb

سَالَ • (sāla) I, non-past يَسِيلُ‎‎ (yasīlu)

1. to flow, to run
2. to stretch over a horse's forehead and nose (of a white spot)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

سَالَ

(form-I hollow, verbal nouns سَيْل or سَيَلَان)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						سَيْل‎ or سَيَلَان‎ sayl or sayalān
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَائِل‎ sāʔil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَسِيل‎ masīl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سِلْتُ‎ siltu	سِلْتَ‎ silta	سَالَ sāla		سِلْتُمَا‎ siltumā	سَالَا‎ sālā		سِلْنَا‎ silnā	سِلْتُمْ‎ siltum	سَالُوا‎ sālū
	f		سِلْتِ‎ silti	سَالَتْ‎ sālat			سَالَتَا‎ sālatā			سِلْتُنَّ‎ siltunna	سِلْنَ‎ silna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسِيلُ‎ ʔasīlu	تَسِيلُ‎ tasīlu	يَسِيلُ‎ yasīlu		تَسِيلَانِ‎ tasīlāni	يَسِيلَانِ‎ yasīlāni		نَسِيلُ‎ nasīlu	تَسِيلُونَ‎ tasīlūna	يَسِيلُونَ‎ yasīlūna
	f		تَسِيلِينَ‎ tasīlīna	تَسِيلُ‎ tasīlu			تَسِيلَانِ‎ tasīlāni			تَسِلْنَ‎ tasilna	يَسِلْنَ‎ yasilna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسِيلَ‎ ʔasīla	تَسِيلَ‎ tasīla	يَسِيلَ‎ yasīla		تَسِيلَا‎ tasīlā	يَسِيلَا‎ yasīlā		نَسِيلَ‎ nasīla	تَسِيلُوا‎ tasīlū	يَسِيلُوا‎ yasīlū
	f		تَسِيلِي‎ tasīlī	تَسِيلَ‎ tasīla			تَسِيلَا‎ tasīlā			تَسِلْنَ‎ tasilna	يَسِلْنَ‎ yasilna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسِلْ‎ ʔasil	تَسِلْ‎ tasil	يَسِلْ‎ yasil		تَسِيلَا‎ tasīlā	يَسِيلَا‎ yasīlā		نَسِلْ‎ nasil	تَسِيلُوا‎ tasīlū	يَسِيلُوا‎ yasīlū
	f		تَسِيلِي‎ tasīlī	تَسِلْ‎ tasil			تَسِيلَا‎ tasīlā			تَسِلْنَ‎ tasilna	يَسِلْنَ‎ yasilna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سِلْ‎ sil			سِيلَا‎ sīlā				سِيلُوا‎ sīlū
	f		سِيلِي‎ sīlī							سِلْنَ‎ silna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	سِيلَ‎ sīla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُسَالُ‎ yusālu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُسَالَ‎ yusāla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُسَلْ‎ yusal		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “سال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Baluchi

Noun

سال • (sál)

1. year

Kashmiri

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [saːl]

Noun

سال • (sāl) f (Devanagari साल)

1. sister-in-law (wife’s sister)

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Devanagari साल)

1. invitation to a function (a dinner, lunch, etc.)

Moroccan Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saːl/

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Root
س ي ل‎
1 term

From Arabic سَالَ‎ (sāla).

Verb

سال • (sāl) (form I, non-past يسيل‎ (ysīl))

1. to flow, to run

Conjugation

Conjugation of سال
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	سلت‎ (salt)	سلتي‎ (salti)	سال (sāl)		سلنا‎ (salna)	سلتوا‎ (saltu)	سالوا‎ (sālu)
	f			سالت‎ (sālet)
non-past	m	نسيل‎ (nsīl)	تسيل‎ (tsīl)	يسيل‎ (ysīl)		نسيلوا‎ (nsīlu)	تسيلوا‎ (tsīlu)	يسيلوا‎ (ysīlu)
	f		تسيلي‎ (tsīli)	تسيل‎ (tsīl)
imperative	m		سيل‎ (sīl)				سيلوا‎ (sīlu)
	f		سيلي‎ (sīli)

Etymology 2

Root
س و ل‎
2 terms

From Arabic سَأَلَ‎ (saʔala).

Verb

سال • (sāl) (form I, non-past يسال‎ (ysāl))

1. to be owed money
2. (dated) to ask

   Synonyms: سقصى‎ (saqṣa), سول‎ (sawwal)

Conjugation

Conjugation of سال
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	سلت‎ (salt)	سلتي‎ (salti)	سال (sāl)		سلنا‎ (salna)	سلتوا‎ (saltu)	سالوا‎ (sālu)
	f			سالت‎ (sālet)
non-past	m	نسال‎ (nsāl)	تسال‎ (tsāl)	يسال‎ (ysāl)		نسالوا‎ (nsālu)	تسالوا‎ (tsālu)	يسالوا‎ (ysālu)
	f		تسالي‎ (tsāli)	تسال‎ (tsāl)
imperative	m		سال (sāl)				سالوا‎ (sālu)
	f		سالي‎ (sāli)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲‎ (sāl, “year”), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /θard/, “year”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /sɒːl/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /sɔl/

• Audio (Iran)

  (file)

Noun

Dari	سال
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сол (sol)

سال • (sâl) (plural سال‌ها‎ (sâl-hâ) or سالیان‎ (sâliyân))

1. year

Derived terms

• امسال‎ (emsâl)
• پارسال‎ (pârsâl)
• سالیانه‎ (sâliyâne)

Descendants

• → Hindi: साल (sāl)
• → Urdu: سال‎ (sāl)
• → Bengali: সাল (sal)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “sāl”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Sindhi

Etymology

From Persian سال‎ (sâl).

Noun

سال (sālu) (Devanagari सालु‎)

1. year

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Persian سال‎ (sâl).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

1. year

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

1. saul tree and its wood (Shorea robusta)

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit शल्य (śalya).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

1. thorn

Etymology 4

From Sanskrit शाला (śālā).

Noun

سال • (sāl) f (Hindi spelling साल)

1. house
2. hall
3. place

Etymology 5

From Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

1. jackal